SOAL-SOAL STRUKTUR ATOM 1

1.
- Jumlah elektron yang tidak berpasangan dalam atom Cr dengan nomor atom 24 sebanyak ....
- A.
  
  2
- B.
  
  3
- C.
  
  4
- D.
  
  5
- E.
  
  6
Correct Answer
E. 6

Explanation
The number of unpaired electrons in an atom is determined by its electron configuration. The electron configuration of chromium (Cr) is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5. In the 3d orbital, there are 5 electrons, which means there are 5 unpaired electrons. Therefore, the correct answer is 5.

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2.

Bilangan kuantum yang mungkin dimiliki oleh sebuah elektron adalah ….
- A.
  
  N = 3, l = 3, m = 1, s = ½
- B.
  
  N = 1, l = 1, m = 3, s = - ½
- C.
  
  N = 3, l = 2, m = 3, s = - ½
- D.
  
  N = 2, l = 0, m = 1, s = ½
- E.
  
  N = 2, l = 1, m = 1, s = ½
Correct Answer
E. N = 2, l = 1, m = 1, s = ½

Explanation
The correct answer is n = 2, l = 1, m = 1, s = ½. This is because the given set of quantum numbers represents the possible quantum numbers for an electron. The principal quantum number (n) represents the energy level of the electron, and the allowed values for n are positive integers. The azimuthal quantum number (l) represents the shape of the electron's orbital, and the allowed values for l are integers ranging from 0 to n-1. The magnetic quantum number (m) represents the orientation of the orbital in space, and the allowed values for m are integers ranging from -l to l. The spin quantum number (s) represents the spin of the electron, and the allowed values for s are either +½ or -½. Therefore, among the given options, the set of quantum numbers n = 2, l = 1, m = 1, s = ½ is possible.

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3.

Diantaraharga-harga keempat bilangan kuantum di bawah ini yang mungkin untuk pengisian elektron pada orbital 3p adalah …
- A.
  
  N = 3 l = 3 m = -1 s = + ½
- B.
  
  N = 3 l = 1 m = 0 s = - ½
- C.
  
  N = 3 l = 1 m = -3 s = + ½
- D.
  
  N = 3 l = 1 m = -2 s = - ½
- E.
  
  N = 3 l = 2 m = +1 s = + ½
Correct Answer
B. N = 3 l = 1 m = 0 s = - ½

Explanation
The given answer, n = 3, l = 1, m = 0, s = -1/2, is the correct answer because it satisfies the rules for filling electrons in the 3p orbital. The principal quantum number (n) represents the energy level, and in this case, it is 3, indicating that the electron is in the third energy level. The azimuthal quantum number (l) represents the shape of the orbital, and for the 3p orbital, it is 1. The magnetic quantum number (m) represents the orientation of the orbital, and for the 3p orbital, it can have values from -1 to 1, so m = 0 is a valid value. The spin quantum number (s) represents the spin of the electron, and it can have values of +1/2 or -1/2, so s = -1/2 is also a valid value.

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4.

Diantara harga-harga keempat bilangan kuantum di bawah ini yang tidak mungkin dimiliki oleh sebuah elektron adalah ….
- A.
  
  N = 3 l = 0 m = 0 s = + ½
- B.
  
  N = 2 l = 1 m = -1 s = - ½
- C.
  
  N = 3 l = 2 m = +2 s = + ½
- D.
  
  N = 2 l = 2 m = -2 s = - ½
- E.
  
  N = 3 l = 2 m = +1 s = + ½
Correct Answer
D. N = 2 l = 2 m = -2 s = - ½

Explanation
The given options represent the values of the four quantum numbers (n, l, m, s) for different electron states. The quantum numbers describe the energy level, orbital shape, orientation, and spin of an electron in an atom. Among the given options, the only one that is not possible for an electron is n = 2, l = 2, m = -2, and s = - ½. According to the rules of quantum mechanics, the value of the magnetic quantum number (m) must be between -l and +l, which means it cannot be -2 for l = 2. Therefore, this combination of quantum numbers is not possible for an electron.

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5.

Jumlah orbital maksimum yang dimiliki oleh atom yang memiliki bilangan kuantum utama 3 dan bilangan kuantum azimuth 2 adalah ….
- A.
  
  1
- B.
  
  2
- C.
  
  3
- D.
  
  4
- E.
  
  5
Correct Answer
E. 5

Explanation
The maximum number of orbitals in an atom is determined by the formula 2n^2, where n is the principal quantum number. In this case, the principal quantum number is 3, so the maximum number of orbitals is 2(3)^2 = 2(9) = 18. However, the question specifies that the atom also has an azimuthal quantum number of 2. The azimuthal quantum number determines the shape of the orbitals, and for an azimuthal quantum number of 2, the possible shapes are p orbitals. Each p orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, so the total number of p orbitals is 3. Since each orbital can hold 2 electrons, the maximum number of electrons in the p orbitals is 3 * 2 = 6. Therefore, the correct answer is 5, as it is the closest option to the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the p orbitals.

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6.

Suatu elektron memiliki harga bilangan kuantum m = -2. Maka elektron tersebut yang mungkin terletak pada …
- A.
  
  5s
- B.
  
  2s
- C.
  
  3s
- D.
  
  4d
- E.
  
  3p
Correct Answer
D. 4d

Explanation
The electron with a magnetic quantum number (m) of -2 can be found in the 4d orbital. The magnetic quantum number represents the orientation of the electron's orbital in space. The 4d orbital has a principal quantum number (n) of 4 and an azimuthal quantum number (l) of 2, which corresponds to the d subshell. Therefore, the electron can be located in the 4d orbital.

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7.

Elektron yang memiliki harga bilangan kuantum magnetik m = 2; maka elektron tersebut yang pasti akan memiliki bilangan kuantum ….
- A.
  
  l = 0
- B.
  
  L = 1
- C.
  
  N = 3
- D.
  
  N = 2
- E.
  
  N = 1
Correct Answer
C. N = 3

Explanation
The given information states that the electron has a magnetic quantum number of m = 2. The magnetic quantum number represents the orientation of the electron's orbital in a magnetic field. The possible values for m are integers ranging from -l to +l, where l is the azimuthal quantum number. Since m = 2, it means that the electron is in an orbital with l = 2. The relationship between the azimuthal quantum number (l) and the principal quantum number (n) is that l can range from 0 to (n-1). Therefore, if l = 2, the possible value for n is 3.

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8.

Ion Ca²⁺ dan unsur Ar (nomor atom Ca = 20 dan Ar = 18) mempunyai kesamaan dalam hal….
- A.
  
  Konfigurasi elektron
- B.
  
  Jumlah proton
- C.
  
  Jumlah neutron
- D.
  
  Jumlah partikel
- E.
  
  Sifat kimianya
Correct Answer
A. Konfigurasi elektron

Explanation
Both Ca2+ and Ar have similarities in terms of their electron configurations.

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9.

Unsur X :1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ bila berikatan dengan unsur Y : 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³, membentuk senyawa :
- A.
  
  XY3 berikatan ion
- B.
  
  XY2 berikatan ion
- C.
  
  XY3 berikatan kovalen
- D.
  
  X3Y berikatan ion
- E.
  
  XY kovalen
Correct Answer
D. X3Y berikatan ion

Explanation
The given explanation suggests that when element X (with electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1) bonds with element Y (with electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3), they form an ionic compound with the formula X3Y. This conclusion is based on the fact that element X has one valence electron in its outermost energy level (4s1), and element Y has three valence electrons in its outermost energy level (3s2 3p3). In order to achieve a stable electron configuration, element X will lose its valence electron to become a cation with a +1 charge, while element Y will gain three electrons to become an anion with a -3 charge. The resulting compound X3Y will have a 3:1 ratio of cations to anions, indicating ionic bonding.

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10.

Unsur X memiliki elektron terakhir pada n= 6, l = 1, m = +1 s = + ½ . Unsur tersebut ….
- A.
  
  Periode 5, Golongan IVA, blok s dan no. atom 51
- B.
  
  Periode 4, Golongan VA, blok p dan no. atom 83
- C.
  
  Periode 6, Golongan VA, blok p dan no. atom 81
- D.
  
  Periode 5, Golongan VB, blok d dan no. atom 83
- E.
  
  Periode 6, Golongan VA, blok p dan no. atom 83
Correct Answer
E. Periode 6, Golongan VA, blok p dan no. atom 83

Explanation
The given information states that the element X has the electron configuration of n=6, l=1, m=+1, and s=+1/2. This corresponds to the electron configuration of an element in period 6, group VA, block p, and atomic number 83. Therefore, the correct answer is "Periode 6, Golongan VA, blok p dan no. atom 83."

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Soal-soal Struktur Atom 1

Jumlah elektron yang tidak berpasangan dalam atom Cr dengan nomor atom 24 sebanyak ....

Bilangan kuantum yang mungkin dimiliki oleh sebuah elektron adalah ….

Diantaraharga-harga keempat bilangan kuantum di bawah ini yang mungkin untuk pengisian elektron pada orbital 3p adalah …

Diantara harga-harga keempat bilangan kuantum di bawah ini yang tidak mungkin dimiliki oleh sebuah elektron adalah ….

Jumlah orbital maksimum yang dimiliki oleh atom yang memiliki bilangan kuantum utama 3 dan bilangan kuantum azimuth 2 adalah ….

Suatu elektron memiliki harga bilangan kuantum m = -2. Maka elektron tersebut yang mungkin terletak pada …

Elektron yang memiliki harga bilangan kuantum magnetik m = 2; maka elektron tersebut yang pasti akan memiliki bilangan kuantum ….

Ion Ca2+ dan unsur Ar (nomor atom Ca = 20 dan Ar = 18) mempunyai kesamaan dalam hal….

Unsur X :1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 bila berikatan dengan unsur Y : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3, membentuk senyawa :

Unsur X memiliki elektron terakhir pada n= 6, l = 1, m = +1 s = + ½ . Unsur tersebut ….

Ion Ca²⁺ dan unsur Ar (nomor atom Ca = 20 dan Ar = 18) mempunyai kesamaan dalam hal….

Unsur X :1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ bila berikatan dengan unsur Y : 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³, membentuk senyawa :