SiSTEM Hormon Kelas 2 Sma

Hormon yang dihasilkan oleh kelenjar pituitari dan berperan dalam siklus menstruasi pada wanita adalah FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) dan LH (luteinizing hormone). FSH berperan dalam merangsang pertumbuhan folikel ovarium dan produksi estrogen, sedangkan LH berperan dalam merangsang ovulasi dan produksi progesteron. Kedua hormon ini bekerja bersama-sama untuk mengatur siklus menstruasi dan mempersiapkan tubuh untuk kehamilan.

The parathyroid gland is responsible for regulating the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood. It produces parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases the release of calcium from bones, enhances the absorption of calcium from the intestines, and reduces the excretion of calcium in the urine. This helps to maintain the balance of calcium and phosphate in the blood, which is crucial for various physiological processes, including bone health, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Therefore, the parathyroid gland is the correct answer in this case.

When a person is angry, their heart rate increases due to an increase in hormone levels in their blood. The hormone responsible for this is adrenaline. Adrenaline is released in response to stress or intense emotions, such as anger, and it triggers the body's "fight or flight" response, which includes an increase in heart rate to prepare the body for action.

Kekurangan hormon insulin akan mengakibatkan penyakit diabetes melitus. Diabetes melitus adalah kondisi di mana tubuh tidak dapat menghasilkan atau menggunakan insulin dengan efektif, yang mengakibatkan peningkatan kadar gula darah. Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan gejala seperti kehausan berlebihan, sering buang air kecil, penurunan berat badan yang tidak diinginkan, dan kelelahan. Jika tidak diobati, diabetes melitus dapat menyebabkan komplikasi serius seperti kerusakan organ, gangguan penglihatan, dan penyakit jantung.

Hormones are chemical messengers in the body that regulate various physiological processes. Antagonistic hormones have opposing effects on the body. In this case, adrenaline and insulin are an example of antagonistic hormones. Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is released during the "fight or flight" response and increases blood sugar levels, while insulin lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells. Thus, adrenaline and insulin have opposite effects on blood sugar regulation, making them an antagonistic hormone pair.

The correct answer is the pancreas. The pancreas is responsible for producing hormones, including insulin, which helps regulate blood sugar levels. When there is an excess of glucose in the body, the pancreas releases insulin, which promotes the conversion of glucose into glycogen. This process helps to store excess glucose for later use when blood sugar levels drop. Therefore, the pancreas plays a crucial role in regulating the conversion of glucose into glycogen.

Adrenalin adalah hormon yang berfungsi untuk menaikkan tekanan darah. Hormon ini diproduksi oleh kelenjar adrenal dan dilepaskan ke dalam darah saat seseorang mengalami stres atau situasi yang membutuhkan respons cepat. Adrenalin bekerja dengan cara meningkatkan denyut jantung, menyempitkan pembuluh darah, dan meningkatkan kontraksi otot-otot dalam pembuluh darah. Hal ini menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan darah, sehingga memungkinkan tubuh untuk merespons situasi stres dengan lebih baik.

ACTH adalah hormon yang merangsang korteks adrenal untuk menyekresikan hormon. Korteks adrenal adalah lapisan luar dari kelenjar adrenal yang menghasilkan hormon kortisol dan aldosteron. ACTH diproduksi oleh kelenjar pituitari anterior dan berperan dalam mengatur produksi hormon kortisol oleh korteks adrenal. Ketika kadar kortisol dalam tubuh turun, kelenjar pituitari akan melepaskan ACTH ke dalam darah, yang kemudian merangsang korteks adrenal untuk meningkatkan produksi dan pelepasan hormon kortisol.

FSH, or follicle-stimulating hormone, is responsible for the maturation and development of the follicles in the ovaries. The follicles contain the eggs, and FSH stimulates the growth of these follicles, leading to the maturation of the eggs. This hormone is crucial in the process of ovulation, where a mature egg is released from the ovary. Therefore, FSH plays a vital role in the maturation of the egg within the follicle.

The given answer is correct because ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) is not involved in the regulation of milk production in lactating mothers. ADH primarily regulates water balance in the body by controlling the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. It helps to reduce urine production and prevent dehydration.

Kortisol adalah hormon yang diproduksi oleh kelenjar adrenal dan berperan dalam mengatur respons tubuh terhadap stres. Ketika ketersediaannya berlebih di dalam tubuh, kortisol dapat menyebabkan sindrom Cushing. Sindrom ini ditandai dengan gejala seperti kegemukan, kelemahan otot, peningkatan tekanan darah, dan diabetes. Oleh karena itu, kortisol adalah hormon yang dapat menyebabkan sindrom Cushing jika ketersediannya berlebih di dalam tubuh.

Addison's disease is a disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, do not produce enough cortisol and sometimes aldosterone. This hormone deficiency can lead to a range of symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and darkening of the skin. Therefore, if there is a deficiency of hormones produced by the adrenal glands, it can result in Addison's disease.

Tiroksin adalah hormon yang diproduksi oleh kelenjar tiroid dan berperan dalam mengatur kecepatan metabolisme tubuh. Hormon ini bertanggung jawab untuk mengubah makanan menjadi energi yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Dengan demikian, tiroksin mengontrol kecepatan metabolisme tubuh untuk menghasilkan energi.

LH (luteinizing hormone) is the hormone that stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone and estrogen. The corpus luteum is a temporary structure that forms in the ovary after ovulation, and it plays a crucial role in maintaining pregnancy. LH is released by the pituitary gland and its surge triggers ovulation, which leads to the formation of the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum then produces progesterone and estrogen, which are essential for preparing the uterus for implantation and maintaining the pregnancy.

Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by an excessive amount of glucocorticoid hormones in the blood. These hormones are produced by the adrenal glands and are responsible for regulating various bodily functions. When there is an excess of glucocorticoid hormones, it can lead to symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness, which are characteristic of Cushing's syndrome. Therefore, the correct answer is "jumlah hormon glukokortiroid dalam darah sangat tinggi" (excessive amount of glucocorticoid hormones in the blood).

Defisiensi hormon korteks adrenal dapat menyebabkan penyakit Addison. Penyakit Addison adalah kondisi yang terjadi ketika korteks adrenal tidak dapat memproduksi cukup hormon kortisol dan aldosteron. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan gejala seperti kelelahan, penurunan berat badan, peningkatan pigmen kulit, tekanan darah rendah, dan ketidakseimbangan elektrolit.

The correct answer is "ovulasi". Ovulasi is the phase in the menstrual cycle where the mature follicle releases an egg from the ovary. This is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH). The diagram shows that after the follicle matures, LH is released, leading to ovulation. Therefore, the most appropriate event in the menstrual cycle for this to occur is during ovulation.

The correct answer is somatotropin. Kretinisme is a condition that affects growth and development in humans. It is caused by a deficiency of the hormone somatotropin, also known as growth hormone. Somatotropin plays a crucial role in stimulating growth and development in various tissues and organs. A deficiency of this hormone can lead to stunted growth and development, resulting in the symptoms of kretinisme.

If the parathyroid glands do not function properly, it can potentially lead to tetanus. Tetanus is a bacterial infection caused by the Clostridium tetani bacteria. The parathyroid glands are responsible for producing parathyroid hormone, which helps regulate calcium levels in the body. If these glands are not functioning properly, it can disrupt the balance of calcium in the body, which can make the individual more susceptible to infections like tetanus.

Progesteron adalah hormon yang dapat dihasilkan oleh kelenjar nonpermanen. Hormon ini diproduksi oleh ovarium pada wanita selama siklus menstruasi untuk mempersiapkan rahim untuk kehamilan. Progesteron juga dapat diproduksi oleh plasenta selama kehamilan. Hormon ini memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga kehamilan dan mengatur siklus menstruasi.