Section Quiz 30-2 Africa and The Middle East, 1945-present

Saddam Hussein is the correct answer because he was the Iraqi military leader who invaded Kuwait in 1990. This invasion led to the Gulf War, as Iraq's actions were seen as a threat to regional stability and global oil supplies. Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait was condemned by the international community, leading to a coalition of countries, including the United States, launching a military operation to liberate Kuwait and push back Iraqi forces. The invasion and subsequent war had significant geopolitical and economic implications for the region.

The correct answer is Zionists. Zionists refers to a group that advocated for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. They believed in the idea of a Jewish state and worked towards achieving this goal through various political and social movements. The term "Zionism" originated from Mount Zion in Jerusalem, which holds religious significance for the Jewish people. The Zionist movement played a significant role in the establishment of the modern state of Israel in 1948.

OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is the correct answer because it is the bloc of Arab oil-producing states formed in 1960. OPEC was established to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its member countries, ensuring fair and stable prices for oil producers. It plays a significant role in global oil markets and has a major influence on the world economy. The other options mentioned in the question, such as Zionists, the United Arab Republic, Saddam Hussein, and Pan-Arabism, are unrelated to the formation of OPEC.

The correct answer is the United Arab Republic. The United Arab Republic was a short-lived union between Egypt and Syria that began in 1958. It was formed with the goal of promoting Pan-Arabism and strengthening Arab unity. However, the union dissolved in 1961 due to political disagreements and internal conflicts between the two countries.

Pan-Arabism refers to the ideology that promotes the unity and solidarity of all Arab nations. It advocates for the political, cultural, and economic cooperation among Arab countries. This concept emerged in the early 20th century as a response to Western imperialism and the desire for Arab self-determination. Pan-Arabism has been influential in shaping Arab nationalism and has been a driving force behind movements such as the United Arab Republic and the formation of organizations like OPEC. It has also been opposed by groups like the Zionists and leaders like Saddam Hussein, who had their own conflicting agendas.

In 1956, Egyptian colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser took control of the Suez Canal Company from Britain and France. This action was a significant move in asserting Egyptian sovereignty and challenging the influence of Western powers in the region. Nasser's seizure of the Suez Canal was motivated by a desire to gain control over a vital waterway and to assert Egyptian control over its own resources. This event had far-reaching consequences, leading to a military intervention by Britain, France, and Israel, as well as increased tensions between East and West during the Cold War.

During the Six-Day War, Israel gained control of the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank territory, and the Golan Heights. However, Iraq was not one of the territories that Israel gained control of during the war.

During the 1980s, some militant Palestinian Arabs led an intifada, or "uprising," in the territories occupied by Israel. This refers to a period of widespread protests, strikes, and acts of civil disobedience by Palestinians against Israeli occupation. It was a significant event in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and represented a grassroots resistance movement against Israeli control. The intifada aimed to challenge and undermine Israeli authority and demand Palestinian self-determination and independence.

The given answer states that Iraq was headquarters for Osama bin Laden's base camp. However, this statement is not true. There is no evidence or credible information to suggest that Iraq was hosting bin Laden's base camp. The other options provided in the question, such as Iraq developing nuclear weapons, Saddam Hussein's ties to al-Qaeda, and Iraq possessing chemical and biological weapons, were all reasons given by the United States for attacking Iraq in 2003.

The UN resolution dividing Palestine resulted in many Palestinians fleeing to neighboring Arab states, some Palestinians coming under Israeli rule, and many Palestinian people being forced to live in refugee camps. However, the issue of a Palestinian homeland was not settled as a result of this resolution.