แบบทดสอบเสริมประสบการณ์เรื่อง "โครงสร้างและหน้าที่ของพืชดอก"

The given photograph shows a pair of roots, which are branching out from the main stem. This indicates that the plant belongs to the category of plants with paired leaves. Hence, the correct answer is "รากของพืชใบเลี้ยงคู่" which translates to "roots of plants with paired leaves".

บริเวณ A คือ บริเวณเนื้อเยื่อเจริญปลายยอด
บริเวณ B คือ ใบแรกเกิด (leaf primordium)
บริเวณ C คือ ตาแรกเกิด (axillary bud primordium)
บริเวณ D คือ ใบ
บริเวณ E คือ ส่วนของเนื้อเยื่อในลำต้น

The pith is a tissue found in the center of the plant stem, and it is responsible for storing and transporting nutrients and water throughout the plant. It is commonly found in the roots of most monocot plants, which have a single cotyledon or seed leaf. However, it is not typically found in the roots of dicot plants, which have two cotyledons. Therefore, the pith is a characteristic feature of monocot roots and is not commonly found in dicot roots.

High temperature and low relative humidity in the air create a favorable condition for plants to undergo transpiration, which is the process of water loss through the leaves. When the temperature is high, the rate of evaporation from the leaves increases, and when the relative humidity is low, the concentration gradient between the leaf and the air increases, promoting water movement from the plant to the atmosphere. Therefore, high temperature and low relative humidity in the air are the conditions that will result in the best water loss or transpiration in plants.

The correct answer is "ลำต้นของพืชใบเลี้ยงคู่" (Stem of a plant with opposite leaves). This is because the image shows a stem with leaves growing in pairs, which is characteristic of plants with opposite leaves.

Xylem parenchyma is the correct answer because it is a living component of the xylem tissue. Xylem parenchyma cells are responsible for various functions such as storage, metabolism, and the transport of water and nutrients within the plant. In contrast, xylem fibers, tracheids, and vessels are non-living cells that provide structural support and facilitate the movement of water and minerals. Therefore, only xylem parenchyma cells are still alive in the xylem tissue.

Cutin is a substance produced by epidermal cells to reduce water loss. It forms a waxy layer on the surface of leaves, stems, and fruits, acting as a barrier against excessive evaporation. Cutin helps to prevent dehydration and protect plants from environmental stresses such as drought.

The zone of cell division is the area at the tip of the root where cells are actively dividing. This is the region of highest cellular activity in the root, as new cells are constantly being produced. These dividing cells give rise to the different tissues and structures of the root. The other regions mentioned, such as the zone of cell elongation and zone of cell maturation, are important for root growth and development, but they do not exhibit the same level of cellular division as the zone of cell division.

The correct answer is "เพลี้ย, เพลี้ยอ่อน" which translates to "Aphids, Nymphs". This answer suggests that scientists study the components of substances in the phloem using aphids and nymphs, which are types of insects commonly used in scientific research.

The correct answer is "ก ข และ ค". This is because the passage states that the direction of water movement in plants is from the roots to the shoots (ก), and the most important factor in water movement is the transpiration pull caused by water evaporation (ข). Additionally, the cohesion of water molecules through hydrogen bonds in the xylem tubes acts as a force that helps in the upward movement of water (ค). Therefore, all three statements are correct.

Lignin is the correct answer because it is a major component of the cell wall of tracheids. Tracheids are a type of plant cell that is involved in water transport and support in vascular plants. Lignin provides strength and rigidity to the cell wall, allowing tracheids to withstand the pressure and tension created during water transport. It also helps to waterproof the cell wall, preventing water loss. Therefore, lignin is an essential component of tracheids and plays a crucial role in their function.

ธาตุอาหารที่จำเป็นในพืช (essential nutrient) คือธาตุที่เมื่อพืชขาดธาตุนั้น จะทำให้การเจริญเติบโตและการสืบพันธุ์ไม่ครบวงจร (ก) และความต้องการชนิดของธาตถอาหารในการเจริญเติบโตของพืชมีความจำเพาะใช้ธาตุอาหารอื่นแทนไม่ได้ (ข) และธาตุนั้นจำเป็นต่อกระบวนการเมแทบอลิซึมและการเจริญเติบโตของพืชโดยตรง (ค)

The palisade mesophyll cells are located in the upper part of the leaf and contain a high concentration of chloroplasts. These cells are responsible for the majority of photosynthesis in plants as they have a large surface area exposed to light and are well-positioned to receive sunlight. The chloroplasts in these cells capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. Therefore, the palisade mesophyll cells have the highest rate of photosynthesis among the given cell types.

The correct answer is "sieve tube member" because the image shows a tissue with elongated cells arranged in a tube-like structure. These cells are responsible for transporting sugars and other organic compounds in plants. They have perforated ends called sieve plates that allow for the movement of materials between cells. This characteristic structure and function are specific to sieve tube members, making them the correct answer.

พืชทุกชนิดจะต้องมีการเจริญแบบปฐมภูมิ (primary growth) ที่ทำให้ความสูงของพืชเพิ่มขึ้น แต่การเจริญแบบทุติยภูมิจะพบเฉพาะในพืชใบเี้ลยงคู่เท่านั้น ยกเว้นพืชใบเลี้ยงเดี่ยวบางชนิด เช่น หมากหมู้หมากเมีย จันทร์ผา เป็นต้น

The given correct answer states that all of the mentioned characteristics are adaptations of plants in hot or sandy environments. This means that all of the options mentioned, including sunken stomata, thickened and modified leaves, multiple epidermis, and trichomes on stems or leaves, are strategies that plants use to adapt and survive in hot or sandy conditions. These adaptations help plants reduce water loss, protect against excessive heat and sunlight, and enhance nutrient absorption, allowing them to thrive in their environment.

The correct answer is "ก ข และ ค". These are the tissues that can be found in the cortex of a plant stem. The cortex is the region of the stem located between the epidermis and the vascular bundles. The tissues in the cortex include the collenchyma, parenchyma, and sclerenchyma. Collenchyma provides support to the stem, parenchyma stores nutrients and performs photosynthesis, and sclerenchyma provides mechanical strength. Therefore, these three tissues are commonly found in the cortex of plant stems.

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บริเวณช่องพิธ (pith) ในลำต้นประกอบด้วยเนื้อเยื่อชนิดทั้ง ก และ ข และ ค (both a, b, and c)

เซลล์คอลเลนคิมามีเฉพาะ primary cell wall จึงยังเป็นเซลล์ที่มีชีวิตอยู่ และมีกิจกรรมต่างๆ ภายในเซลล์เหมือนเซลล์ปกติ

The correct answer is ข และ ค. This is because both statement ข and ค are true. Statement ข states that sieve cells are cells that do not have a nucleus, so they are dead cells. Statement ค states that sieve cells and companion cells originate from the same parent cell. Therefore, both statements are correct.

เซลล์พาเรงคิมามีเฉพาะผนังเซลล์แบบปฐมภูมิ

The correct answer is "ก ข และ ค". This is because the passage states that "ไฟเบอร์ (fiber)" provides strength to plants, "สเคลอรีด (sclereid)" has a secondary cell wall composed of lignin, and "คอร์ก (cork)" has a secondary cell wall composed of suberin. Therefore, options "ก ข และ ค" correctly describe the characteristics of these three cell types.

สาหร่ายหางกระรอกเป็นพืชที่อยู่ใต้น้ำจะไม่พบปากใบและชั้นคิวติเคิล

When plants are under water stress, they produce higher levels of abscisic acid. Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that helps regulate various physiological processes in response to stress, including closing stomata to reduce water loss through transpiration. It also promotes seed dormancy and inhibits growth. Therefore, in water-stressed conditions, plants increase the production of abscisic acid to conserve water and protect themselves from further damage.

พืชบางชนิด เช่น มอส ลิเวอร์เวิรต์ จัดเป็นพืชที่ไม่มีท่อลำเลียงในการลำเลียงน้ำและอาหาร

The correct answer is "ก ข และ ค". This is because the passage states that "วงปี (annual ring) ของไม้ยืนต้นเป็นส่วนของไซเล็มระยะที่สอง (secondary xylem)" (The annual ring of a tree is part of the secondary xylem), which corresponds to statement ก. It also states that "วงปีของพืชที่อยู่ในเขตอบอุ่นจะเห็นได้ชัดกว่าวงปีของพืชที่อยู่ในเขตป่าฝนเขตร้อน" (The annual ring of plants in warm areas is more visible than the annual ring of plants in rainforests), which corresponds to statement ข. Finally, it mentions that "ส่วนของ summer wood ในวงปีจะมีสีเข้มและแคบ ส่วนของเซลล์มีขนาดเล็กและเบียดกัน" (The summer wood in the annual ring is dark and narrow, with small and compressed cells), which corresponds to statement ค.

The correct answer is "ก ข และ ค". This is because in the given text, it is mentioned that "รากแก้วในพืชใบเลี้ยงคู่เป็นรากที่พัฒนามาจากรากแรกเกิดของพืช" (The taproot in dicotyledonous plants is a root that develops from the primary root of the plant) which supports option ก. It is also mentioned that "รากฝอยที่พบในพืชใบเลี้ยงเดี่ยวจัดเป็นรากพิเศษ (adventitious root) ไม่ได้เจริญมาจากรากแรกเกิด" (The fibrous root found in monocotyledonous plants is considered an adventitious root and does not grow from the primary root) which supports option ข. Lastly, it is mentioned that "ระบบรากแก้วของพืชใบเลี้ยงคู่จะดูดน้ำในดินได้ลึกกว่าระบบรากฝอยของพืชใบเลี้ยงเดี่ยว" (The taproot system of dicotyledonous plants can absorb water from deeper in the soil than the fibrous root system of monocotyledonous plants) which supports option ค.

The correct answer is "เซลล์เวสเซล (vessel member)". This is because the image shows elongated cells with perforations on their walls, which are characteristic features of vessel members. Vessel members are part of the xylem tissue in plants and are responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

The yellowing of the leaves and the red spots on the leaves indicate a deficiency of magnesium in the tomato plant. Magnesium is an essential nutrient for plants and plays a crucial role in chlorophyll production. Chlorophyll is responsible for the green color of leaves and is necessary for photosynthesis. When there is a magnesium deficiency, chlorophyll production is affected, leading to yellowing of the leaves. Additionally, magnesium is involved in various enzyme reactions in plants, and its deficiency can cause the formation of red spots on the leaves. Therefore, the symptoms observed in the tomato plant suggest a lack of magnesium.

The correct answer for the question is "plasmodesmata". Plasmodesmata are small channels that connect plant cells, allowing for the movement of water and other substances between cells. This is how water enters the cells through the symplast pathway.

Potassium ion (K+) and blue light are necessary for the opening of stomata. Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange and transpiration. When stomata open, they allow for the exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as the release of water vapor. The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by various factors, including the concentration of potassium ions inside the guard cells that surround the stomata. When the concentration of potassium ions increases, water enters the guard cells by osmosis, causing them to swell and open the stomata. Additionally, blue light has been found to stimulate the transport of potassium ions into the guard cells, further promoting stomatal opening. Therefore, the presence of potassium ions and blue light is necessary for the opening of stomata.

การดูดซึมแร่ธาตุเข้าสู่รากพืชเป็นกระบวนการที่ต้องใช้พลังงานเพื่อย้อนกลับกระบวนการแร่ธาตุที่เกิดขึ้นธรรมชาติ ดังนั้น การลำเลียงแบบแอกทีฟ (active transport) เป็นกระบวนการที่ใช้พลังงานเพื่อขับเคลื่อนการขนส่งแร่ธาตุตามช่องทางที่ต้องการผ่านสารเคมีในรากพืช

The given answer is incorrect. The Casparian strip is not a ring of lignin that encloses the endodermis cells, but rather a band of suberin that surrounds the endodermis cells. The Casparian strip is important in regulating the movement of water and nutrients into the vascular system of the plant.

ข้อ ค. ผิดเนื่องจากถั่วลันเตาเป็นใบที่ใช้ในการยึดเกาะไม่ใช่ส่วนของลำต้น

The tool used to study the transpiration of plants is called a potometer.

The correct answer is "ก ข และ ค". According to the given information, transpiration is a process that occurs only in the presence of light, guttation cannot occur simultaneously with transpiration, and guttation requires root pressure. Therefore, options "ก ข และ ค" are all correct statements.

ข้อ ข. ผิดเนื่องจากไซเล็มปกติเป็นเซลล์ที่ตายแล้วอยู่แล้ว

ใบเดี่ยว - มะละกอ มะม่วง ชมพู่ สาเก ตำลึง อ้อย ละหุ่ง มันสำปะหลัง ลูกใต้ใบ มะยม ผักหวาน
ใบประกอบ - เฟิร์น ปรง กุหลาบ ถั่ว กระถิน มะขาม ก้ามปู ชมพูพันธ์ทิพย์

The correct answer is "ก และ ค". This is because the passage states that the transport of sucrose into the phloem requires active transport (ก), and the transport of sugar in the phloem requires the combined action of pressure and pull (ค). Therefore, both statements are correct.