Sand Dune Evernote Notes Quiz
Sand Dune Evernote Notes Quiz
- 1.
Sand dune habitats form by____________
- A.
Sand dune habitats form by wind transport of sand and the growth of stabilizing vegetation.
- B.
Sand dune habitats form by wind transport of sand captured by detritus along the strand line.
- C.
Sand dune habitats form by onshore winds transporting sand from the nearshore sandbar.
- D.
Sand dune habitats form by onshore winds transporting sand from the berm.
Correct Answer
A. Sand dune habitats form by wind transport of sand and the growth of stabilizing vegetation.Explanation
Sand dune habitats form through the process of wind transport of sand and the growth of stabilizing vegetation. This means that the sand is moved by the wind and then deposited in certain areas, creating dunes. As the dunes form, vegetation such as grasses and shrubs start to grow, which helps stabilize the sand and prevent further movement. This combination of wind transport and vegetation growth is what leads to the formation of sand dune habitats.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Sand moves by a. _____________ this happens when ________________________
- A.
A. saltation b. sand lifted by wind energy bounces along a loose sand surface and sets other grains in motion by its impact.
- B.
A. saltation b. sand moved by wind energy creeps along the shore face and sets other grains in motion by its impact.
- C.
A. littoral drift b. sand lifted by wind energy bounces along a loose sand surface and sets other grains in motion by its impact.
- D.
A. impact threshold b. sand lifted by wind energy bounces along a loose sand surface.
Correct Answer
A. A. saltation b. sand lifted by wind energy bounces along a loose sand surface and sets other grains in motion by its impact.Explanation
Sand moves by saltation. This happens when sand, lifted by wind energy, bounces along a loose sand surface and sets other grains in motion by its impact.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The wind velocity necessary to initiate sand movement is about __________mph
- A.
The wind velocity necessary to initiate sand movement is about 10 mph
- B.
The wind velocity necessary to initiate sand movement is about 15 mph
- C.
The wind velocity necessary to initiate sand movement is about 15-25 mph
- D.
The wind velocity necessary to initiate sand movement is about 35 mph
Correct Answer
A. The wind velocity necessary to initiate sand movement is about 10 mphExplanation
The correct answer is 10 mph. This means that once the wind reaches a velocity of at least 10 mph, it is strong enough to start moving sand particles.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Dunes are made of finer sands because______________
- A.
Dunes are made of finer sands because only the smallest grains of beach sand usually move.
- B.
Dunes are made of finer sands because only silt grains can be moved.
- C.
Dunes are made of finer sands because only finer sand is found at the berm.
- D.
Dunes are made of finer sands because finer sands form mounds in which dune plants can take root.
Correct Answer
A. Dunes are made of finer sands because only the smallest grains of beach sand usually move.Explanation
Dunes are made of finer sands because only the smallest grains of beach sand usually move. This is because the smaller grains are lighter and more easily carried by wind or water. The larger grains are heavier and tend to stay in place. As a result, over time, the larger grains settle at the bottom while the smaller grains are transported and accumulated to form dunes.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Sand dune tidal litter includes:
- A.
Sand dune tidal litter includes: decomposing grasses and organism remains.
- B.
Sand dune tidal litter includes: cordgrass (spartina) and organism remains.
- C.
Sand dune tidal litter includes: decomposing grasses, salt spray and organism remains.
- D.
Sand dune tidal litter includes: decomposing grasses and ghost crab remains.
Correct Answer
A. Sand dune tidal litter includes: decomposing grasses and organism remains.Explanation
Sand dune tidal litter refers to the debris and organic matter that accumulates on sand dunes due to tidal action. This can include decomposing grasses and remains of various organisms. The correct answer states that sand dune tidal litter includes decomposing grasses and organism remains, which accurately describes the typical components of this type of litter.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Vegetation at the high tide line or in a dune increases sand accumulation by____________
- A.
Vegetation at the high tide line or in a dune increases sand accumulation by reducing the wind velocity.
- B.
Vegetation at the high tide line or in a dune increases sand accumulation by increasing the wind velocity.
- C.
Vegetation at the high tide line or in a dune increases sand accumulation by reducing wave turbulence.
- D.
Vegetation at the high tide line or in a dune increases sand accumulation by reducing tide turbulence.
Correct Answer
A. Vegetation at the high tide line or in a dune increases sand accumulation by reducing the wind velocity.Explanation
Vegetation at the high tide line or in a dune increases sand accumulation by reducing the wind velocity. When vegetation is present, it acts as a barrier and slows down the wind, preventing it from carrying away the sand particles. This allows the sand to settle and accumulate, leading to increased sand accumulation.Rate this question:
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- 7.
- What two things does the deep root system of American beach grass and sea oats help these plants avoid? a. ________________________ b.___________________________
- A.
What two things does the deep root system of American beach grass and sea oats help these plants avoid? a. surface heat b. evaporation
- B.
What two things does the deep root system of American beach grass and sea oats help these plants avoid? a. salt spray b. wave turbulence
- C.
What two things does the deep root system of American beach grass and sea oats help these plants avoid? a. wind turbulence b. tidal changes
- D.
What two things does the deep root system of American beach grass and sea oats help these plants avoid? a.surface heat b. salt spray
Correct Answer
A. What two things does the deep root system of American beach grass and sea oats help these plants avoid? a. surface heat b. evaporationExplanation
The deep root system of American beach grass and sea oats helps these plants avoid surface heat and evaporation. The deep roots allow the plants to access water from deeper soil layers, reducing the risk of dehydration caused by surface heat and evaporation.Rate this question:
- 8.
What provides the main source of nutrients on frontal dunes?
- A.
Salt spray provides the main source of nutrients on frontal dunes.
- B.
Detritus provides the main source of nutrients on frontal dunes.
- C.
Sea oats provides the main source of nutrients on frontal dunes.
- D.
Oxygen provides the main source of nutrients on frontal dunes.
Correct Answer
A. Salt spray provides the main source of nutrients on frontal dunes.Explanation
Salt spray provides the main source of nutrients on frontal dunes. Salt spray contains dissolved minerals and nutrients that are deposited on the dunes through the process of evaporation. These nutrients support the growth of plants and other organisms on the dunes, making salt spray the main source of nutrients in this ecosystem.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Water supply is scarce on the frontal dune. How do dune plants hydrate?
- A.
Plants hydrate by capturing moisture from rainfall and using their deep root system to reach the water table below the dunes.
- B.
Plants hydrate from the tides at high tide and use their deep root system to reach the low tide line below the dunes.
- C.
Plants hydrate by using their deep root system to reach deep into the dunes.
- D.
Plants hydrate by capturing moisture from detritus at the high tide strand line.
Correct Answer
A. Plants hydrate by capturing moisture from rainfall and using their deep root system to reach the water table below the dunes.Explanation
Dune plants hydrate by capturing moisture from rainfall and using their deep root system to reach the water table below the dunes. This is because water supply is scarce on the frontal dune, so the plants have adapted to obtain water from these sources.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Behind the frontal dune, the salt spray causes tree and shrub branches to grow_________
- A.
Behind the frontal dune, the salt spray causes tree and shrub branches to grow stunted and appear sculpted.
- B.
Behind the frontal dune, the salt spray causes tree and shrub not to grow.
- C.
Behind the frontal dune, the salt spray causes tree and shrub branches to grow tall and wide.
- D.
Behind the frontal dune, the salt spray causes tree and shrub branches to grow long and thin.
Correct Answer
A. Behind the frontal dune, the salt spray causes tree and shrub branches to grow stunted and appear sculpted.Explanation
The correct answer is "Behind the frontal dune, the salt spray causes tree and shrub branches to grow stunted and appear sculpted." This is because salt spray can have a detrimental effect on the growth of plants, causing them to become stunted and distorted in shape. The salt in the spray can inhibit the plant's ability to take up water and nutrients, leading to stunted growth. Additionally, the constant exposure to salt spray can cause the branches to become sculpted and twisted in appearance.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What is surface creep?
- A.
Surface creep occurs when saltating grains of sand strike heavier grains larger than one millimeter in diameter causing the heavier grains a slight forward movement along the surface.
- B.
Surface creep occurs when saltating grains of sand strike finer grains smaller than one millimeter in diameter causing the finer grains a slight forward movement along the surface.
- C.
Surface creep occurs when saltating grains of sand strike heavier grains larger than one millimeter in diameter causing the finer grains a slight forward movement along the surface.
- D.
Surface creep occurs when saltating grains of sand strike heavier grains larger than one millimeter in diameter causing the heavier grains to suspend in the air from their movement along the surface.
Correct Answer
A. Surface creep occurs when saltating grains of sand strike heavier grains larger than one millimeter in diameter causing the heavier grains a slight forward movement along the surface.Explanation
Surface creep refers to the phenomenon where larger grains of sand are moved forward along the surface when they are struck by smaller saltating grains of sand. This movement occurs when the larger grains are larger than one millimeter in diameter. The impact of the smaller grains causes the larger grains to shift slightly forward, resulting in surface creep.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What is the "fluid threshold" of saltation?
- A.
Fluid threshold is the wind speed necessary for sand to start saltating under the direct pressure of the wind.
- B.
Fluid threshold is the wind speed necessary to maintain saltation once it has begun
- C.
Fluid threshold is how all the surfaces respond to each other as they move.
- D.
Fluid threshold is wind speeds above 20 mph that occur above the windy side of a dune.
Correct Answer
A. Fluid threshold is the wind speed necessary for sand to start saltating under the direct pressure of the wind.Explanation
The fluid threshold of saltation refers to the wind speed required for sand particles to start saltating, which means to be lifted and moved by the wind. It is specifically the wind speed at which sand particles begin to move under the direct pressure of the wind.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What makes sand accumulate into piles rather than spread out evenly over an area?
- A.
Sand tends to accumulate any place where there is a sufficient reduction of wind energy in the direction that sand drifts in and any obstacle, such as a rock outcrop or a stand of vegetation, forces sand accumulation by lowering the wind speed.
- B.
Sand tends to accumulate any place where there is a abundant wind velocity in the direction that sand drifts in and any obstacle, such as a rock outcrop or a stand of vegetation, forces sand accumulation by lowering the wind speed.
- C.
Sand tends to accumulate any place where there is a sufficient reduction of sand in the sand drifts in and any obstacle, such as a rock outcrop or a stand of vegetation, forces sand accumulation by sustaining the wind speed.
- D.
Sand tends to accumulate any place where there is a sufficient reduction of sand in the sand drifts in and any obstacle, such as a rock outcrop or a stand of vegetation, forces sand accumulation by lowering the wind speed.
Correct Answer
A. Sand tends to accumulate any place where there is a sufficient reduction of wind energy in the direction that sand drifts in and any obstacle, such as a rock outcrop or a stand of vegetation, forces sand accumulation by lowering the wind speed.Explanation
Sand tends to accumulate into piles rather than spread out evenly over an area because when there is a sufficient reduction of wind energy in the direction that sand drifts in, and any obstacle such as a rock outcrop or a stand of vegetation, it forces sand accumulation by lowering the wind speed. This reduction in wind energy and the presence of obstacles create conditions that allow the sand particles to settle and accumulate in certain areas, forming piles.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Identify the sides of a dune. #1 ____________ and #2 _____________
- A.
#1 sand slumps down the sand shadow slip face # 2 sand moves up this slope
- B.
#1 sand moves up this slope # 2 sand slumps down the sand shadow slip face
- C.
#1 sand is saltating and # 2 sand is in sand shadow
- D.
#1 sand is suspended and # 2 sand is in the sand shadow slip face
Correct Answer
A. #1 sand slumps down the sand shadow slip face # 2 sand moves up this slope -
- 15.
Identify the sand movement in the diagram in the order of these numbers: #1 _______________, #2 ______________, #3 ______________
- A.
#1 suspension, #2 saltation, #3 creep
- B.
#1 saltation, #2 suspension, #3 creep
- C.
#1 suspension, #2 saltation, #3 impact threshold
- D.
#1 fluid threshold, #2 saltation, #3 impact threshold
Correct Answer
A. #1 suspension, #2 saltation, #3 creepExplanation
The correct answer is #1 suspension, #2 saltation, #3 creep. In the diagram, the sand particles are initially lifted and carried in the air by the wind, which is known as suspension. As the wind speed decreases, the sand particles start to fall back to the ground in a hopping motion, which is called saltation. Finally, the sand particles move along the ground surface slowly due to the force of gravity, which is known as creep.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Identify each sediment particle size: #1 ____________, #2 ______________, #3 ______________
- A.
#1 sand, #2 silt, #3 clay
- B.
#1 course sand, #2 fine sand , #3 silt
- C.
#1 rock, #2 sand, #3 silt
- D.
#1 mud, #2 silt, #3 clay
Correct Answer
A. #1 sand, #2 silt, #3 clayExplanation
The correct answer is #1 sand, #2 silt, #3 clay. This answer correctly identifies each sediment particle size. Sand particles are larger than silt particles, and silt particles are larger than clay particles.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Sand grains average about _______________ times the weight of the atmosphere, not all winds move sand.
- A.
Two thousand
- B.
One thousand
- C.
5 thousand
- D.
600 hundred
Correct Answer
A. Two thousandExplanation
Sand grains average about two thousand times the weight of the atmosphere, meaning that they are much heavier than the air. This indicates that sand grains are not easily moved by all winds, as the force required to lift and transport them is significantly higher.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Saltation of sand along the surface accounts for about _________ of all sand movement by wind.
- A.
75%
- B.
25%
- C.
50%
- D.
100%
Correct Answer
A. 75%Explanation
Saltation of sand along the surface refers to the process where sand grains are lifted and bounced along the ground by the force of the wind. This is the most common mode of sand movement by wind. It is estimated that about 75% of all sand movement is accounted for by saltation. This means that the majority of sand is transported by wind through this process, making it the most significant mechanism for sand movement.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Any obstacle such as an rock outcrop or a stand of vegetation, can force sand accumulation by___________________
- A.
Lowering wind speed causing the sand to mound which creates a "sand shadow" to the leeward (leeward - away from the wind) side of the obstacle.
- B.
Raising the wind speeds (on the windward side) causing the sand to mound.
- C.
Raising the wind speed and forming a depression or gentle dip in a flat surface that can fill with sand.
- D.
Moderating the wind speed for sand to mound.
Correct Answer
A. Lowering wind speed causing the sand to mound which creates a "sand shadow" to the leeward (leeward - away from the wind) side of the obstacle.Explanation
When an obstacle such as a rock outcrop or a stand of vegetation is present, it creates a barrier that slows down the wind speed. As a result, the sand particles carried by the wind lose their momentum and start to accumulate on the leeward side of the obstacle, forming a mound. This happens because the windward side of the obstacle has higher wind speeds, which causes the sand to be carried away, while the leeward side experiences lower wind speeds, allowing the sand to settle and create a "sand shadow".Rate this question:
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- 20.
What is the relationship between heavier grains of sand and the "creep" movement of sand?
- A.
Saltating sand grains strike heavy grains of sand on the surface. These saltating grains don't have enough energy to knock the heavier grains into the air. The saltating grains cause the heavy grains to move slightly forward or "creep" along the surface.
- B.
Saltating sand grains strike fine grains of sand on the sand surface. These saltating grains have enough energy to knock the fine grains into the air. These fine saltating grains cause the heavy grains to move slightly forward or "creep" along the surface.
- C.
Saltating heavy grains of sand "creep" along the the surface. These heavy saltating grains have enough energy to knock the heavier grains forward or along the surface.
- D.
Storm winds carry heavy grains of sand along the surface. Heavy grains saltate during storms. They move slightly forward or "creep" during a storm.
Correct Answer
A. Saltating sand grains strike heavy grains of sand on the surface. These saltating grains don't have enough energy to knock the heavier grains into the air. The saltating grains cause the heavy grains to move slightly forward or "creep" along the surface.Explanation
Saltating sand grains strike heavy grains of sand on the surface. These saltating grains do not have enough energy to lift the heavier grains into the air. However, they do have enough force to push the heavy grains slightly forward or cause them to "creep" along the surface. This explains the relationship between heavier grains of sand and the "creep" movement of sand.Rate this question:
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