Research Methods And Statistics Midterm

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  • 1/184 Questions

    The problem or opportunity that requires a business decision on the part of the decision maker is called a _____.

    • Management dilemma
    • Research problem
    • Challenge
    • Measurement approach
    • Return on business investment
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About This Quiz

This midterm quiz assesses knowledge in research methods and statistics within a business context, focusing on decision-making processes, data mining, and network utilization in organizations. It is designed to evaluate both theoretical understanding and practical application skills.

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following is an example of a business decision maker?

    • Politician's election consultant

    • Church pastor

    • Manager of a non-profit program

    • Business manager of a consumer goods product

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    All of the options listed in the question can be considered examples of business decision makers. A politician's election consultant makes decisions on campaign strategies and tactics, which can be seen as a business-like approach. A church pastor may make decisions regarding the management and operations of the church, similar to a business manager. The manager of a non-profit program is responsible for making decisions related to the program's goals, budget, and operations. Lastly, a business manager of a consumer goods product is directly involved in making decisions related to the product's marketing, sales, and profitability. Therefore, all of these individuals can be classified as business decision makers.

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  • 3. 

    The acronym, RFP, stands for _____ and refers to the document used to invite research firms to propose ideas for addressing the research needs of the organization.

    • Request for proposal

    • Recency frequency population

    • Research firm proposal

    • Recognition of problem

    • Recently formed protocols

    Correct Answer
    A. Request for proposal
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Request for proposal". RFP is an acronym that stands for Request for Proposal. It is a document used by organizations to invite research firms to propose ideas for addressing their research needs. The RFP outlines the requirements, objectives, and scope of the research project, and research firms are expected to submit their proposals based on these guidelines.

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  • 4. 

    Which term below refers to norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about research behavior?

    • Politics

    • Ethics

    • Standards

    • Philosophy

    • Integrity

    Correct Answer
    A. Ethics
    Explanation
    Ethics refers to the norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about research behavior. It involves principles and values that determine what is right or wrong in conducting research. Ethics ensures that research is conducted with integrity, respect for participants, and adherence to professional standards. It is important in maintaining the trust and credibility of the research community and ensuring the well-being and rights of participants are protected.

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  • 5. 

    Research should be designed such that participants do not experience _____.

    • Physical harm

    • Discomfort

    • Embarrassment

    • Loss of privacy

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Research should be designed such that participants do not experience physical harm, discomfort, embarrassment, or loss of privacy. This is important to ensure the ethical treatment of participants and to maintain their trust and willingness to participate in research studies. By avoiding these negative experiences, researchers can create a safe and respectful environment for participants, which is crucial for obtaining valid and reliable data.

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  • 6. 

    Who answers measurement questions?

    • Management decision makers

    • Researchers

    • Field workers

    • Participants

    • Statisticians

    Correct Answer
    A. Participants
    Explanation
    Participants are the individuals who respond to measurement questions. They are the ones who provide the data and information needed for research or surveys. This can include individuals who are part of a study or research project, customers or consumers who are being surveyed, or any other group of people who are being asked to provide measurements or responses. Participants play a crucial role in providing accurate and reliable data for analysis and decision-making.

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  • 7. 

    _____ occurs when the participants are told only part of the truth or when the truth is fully compromised.

    • Coercion

    • Deception

    • Informed consent

    • Debriefing

    • Manipulation

    Correct Answer
    A. Deception
    Explanation
    Deception refers to the act of deliberately misleading or withholding information from participants, either by telling only part of the truth or by fully compromising the truth. This can occur in various situations, such as in research studies where participants are not fully informed about the true purpose or nature of the study. Deception can also be used in interpersonal relationships or in negotiations to manipulate or control others by distorting the truth.

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  • 8. 

    Minute Maid sees research as the fundamental first step in any business decision and it created proprietary methods for conducting research. At what level of the hierarchy of business decision makers does Minute Maid operate?

    • Top tier

    • Middle tier

    • Base tier

    • Foundation tier

    • Information tier

    Correct Answer
    A. Top tier
    Explanation
    Minute Maid operates at the top tier of the hierarchy of business decision makers. This is because they see research as the fundamental first step in any business decision, indicating that they prioritize gathering information and conducting research before making any decisions. This suggests that they are in a position of authority and have the power to make strategic decisions that impact the entire organization.

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  • 9. 

    Observation means to collect data by _____.

    • Viewing

    • Listening

    • Touching

    • Smelling

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Observation refers to the act of collecting data by using our senses. We can observe by viewing something, listening to sounds, touching objects or surfaces, and even smelling different scents. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" because observation encompasses all these sensory experiences to gather information and data.

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  • 10. 

    The question, "Should we do business research?" is often stimulated by data from a(n) _____.

    • Data warehouse

    • Intelligence system

    • Decision support system

    • Intranet

    • Both b and c

    Correct Answer
    A. Both b and c
    Explanation
    The question "Should we do business research?" is often stimulated by data from both intelligence systems and decision support systems. Intelligence systems provide valuable insights and information about the market, competitors, and industry trends, which can prompt the need for further research. Decision support systems, on the other hand, offer analytical tools and data that can help in making informed business decisions, which may also require conducting research. Therefore, both intelligence systems and decision support systems contribute to the motivation for conducting business research.

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  • 11. 

    Researchers who study retail shoppers by tracing their footsteps and recording the amount of time a shopper spends reading labels are conducting _____ studies.

    • Survey

    • Interviewing

    • Observation

    • Focus groups

    • Empathic

    Correct Answer
    A. Observation
    Explanation
    The correct answer is observation because researchers are tracing the footsteps of shoppers and recording the amount of time they spend reading labels. This suggests that the researchers are observing the shoppers' behavior in a retail setting rather than conducting surveys, interviews, focus groups, or empathic studies.

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  • 12. 

    Who answers investigative questions?

    • Management decision makers

    • Researchers

    • Field workers

    • Participants

    • Statisticians

    Correct Answer
    A. Researchers
    Explanation
    Researchers are the ones who answer investigative questions. They are trained professionals who conduct thorough investigations, collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions based on their findings. They use various research methods and techniques to gather information and provide valuable insights. Their expertise and knowledge in their respective fields make them well-equipped to answer investigative questions accurately and objectively.

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  • 13. 

    A _____ is a trial collection of data to detect weaknesses in the design or instrument.

    • Test market

    • Census

    • Sample

    • Pilot test

    • Sampling frame

    Correct Answer
    A. Pilot test
    Explanation
    A pilot test is a trial collection of data that is conducted to detect weaknesses in the design or instrument. It involves testing a small-scale version of a study or experiment before implementing it on a larger scale. This allows researchers to identify any flaws or issues in the methodology, data collection process, or measurement instruments. The pilot test helps ensure that the final study or experiment is well-designed and reliable.

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  • 14. 

    Business research may be considered unnecessary when _____.

    • Management has insufficient resources to conduct an appropriate study

    • The risk associated with the decision at hand is low

    • The information is applicable to the critical decision

    • Both A and B

    • Both A and C

    Correct Answer
    A. Both A and B
    Explanation
    Business research may be considered unnecessary when management has insufficient resources to conduct an appropriate study and when the risk associated with the decision at hand is low. In such cases, conducting extensive research may not be cost-effective or beneficial for the organization. If management lacks the necessary financial, human, or time resources to conduct a thorough study, it may be more practical to make a decision based on available information or intuition. Similarly, if the decision carries a low level of risk, the potential benefits of conducting extensive research may not outweigh the costs involved.

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  • 15. 

    Pilot tests typically use a sample size of _____ participants.

    • Less than 100

    • 100-500

    • 501-1000

    • More than 1000

    • It depends on budgetary constraints

    Correct Answer
    A. Less than 100
    Explanation
    Pilot tests typically use a sample size of less than 100 participants because they are conducted to assess the feasibility, reliability, and effectiveness of a study or experiment before implementing it on a larger scale. Using a smaller sample size allows researchers to identify any potential issues or flaws in the study design or methodology and make necessary adjustments before conducting the full-scale study. Additionally, a smaller sample size is more manageable in terms of time, resources, and cost.

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  • 16. 

    _____ are original works of research or raw data without interpretation that represent an official opinion or position.

    • Secondary sources

    • Primary sources

    • Statistical sources

    • Bibliographies

    • Indexes

    Correct Answer
    A. Primary sources
    Explanation
    Primary sources are original works of research or raw data without interpretation that represent an official opinion or position. These sources provide firsthand evidence or direct information about a particular topic or event. They can include original documents, diaries, letters, interviews, photographs, or artifacts. Primary sources are essential for researchers as they offer unfiltered and unbiased information, allowing them to form their own interpretations and conclusions.

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  • 17. 

    Recordings of public proceedings, speeches by elected officials, and information on agency web sites are all examples of business intelligence available from _____ sources.

    • Competitive

    • Cultural

    • Government

    • Demographic

    • Tecnological

    Correct Answer
    A. Government
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Government." This is because recordings of public proceedings, speeches by elected officials, and information on agency websites are all examples of business intelligence that can be obtained from government sources. These sources provide valuable information about government activities, policies, and decisions, which can be used by businesses to gain insights and make informed decisions.

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  • 18. 

    McGraw-Hill is planning a study of educator preferences to determine the needs of college instructors. Because of the number of college instructors, McGraw-Hill will select a portion of the target population, known as a(n) _____, to participate in the study.

    • Element

    • Sample

    • Sampling frame

    • Census

    • Extent

    Correct Answer
    A. Sample
    Explanation
    McGraw-Hill is planning to conduct a study to determine the needs of college instructors. However, due to the large number of college instructors, it is not feasible to include all of them in the study. Instead, they will select a representative portion of the target population, known as a sample, to participate in the study. This sample will provide insights into the preferences and needs of college instructors as a whole, without having to survey every single instructor.

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  • 19. 

    The main purpose of a(n) _____ is to share company information and computing resources among internal audiences.

    • Decision support system

    • Intranet

    • Extranet

    • Internet

    • Data warehouse

    Correct Answer
    A. Intranet
    Explanation
    An intranet is a private network that is used by an organization to share information and resources among its internal audience. It is designed to be accessible only to employees or authorized users within the organization. Unlike the internet, which is a public network, an intranet provides a secure and controlled environment for sharing company information and computing resources. It allows employees to access internal websites, databases, documents, and other resources necessary for their work. Therefore, an intranet is the most suitable option for the given scenario.

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  • 20. 

    Which tier in the hierarchy of business decision makers sees research as the fundamental first step in any business venture?

    • Base tier

    • Middle tier

    • Top tier

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Top tier
    Explanation
    The top tier in the hierarchy of business decision makers sees research as the fundamental first step in any business venture. This is because top-level executives are responsible for making strategic decisions that have a significant impact on the overall direction and success of the company. Research provides them with valuable insights and data that they can use to make informed decisions and mitigate risks. By conducting thorough research, top-tier decision makers can assess market trends, customer preferences, and competitive landscapes, enabling them to develop effective business strategies and allocate resources efficiently.

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  • 21. 

    The goal of ethics in research is to _____

    • To ensure that no one is harmed

    • To protect researchers from legal liability

    • Identify what behavior is appropriate

    • Ensure research sponsors fulfill their legal obligations

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. To ensure that no one is harmed
    Explanation
    The goal of ethics in research is to ensure that no one is harmed. This means that researchers must prioritize the well-being and safety of all individuals involved in the research process, including participants, researchers themselves, and any other stakeholders. Ethical guidelines and protocols are put in place to prevent any physical, psychological, or emotional harm that could result from the research. This includes obtaining informed consent, maintaining confidentiality, and conducting the research in a responsible and ethical manner.

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  • 22. 

    To be categorized as a customer, an individual must have a history of shopping at the establishment at least twice prior to the start of the study with expenditures of more than $10. This is an example of a(n) _____.

    • Hypothetical construct

    • Conceptual scheme

    • Operational definition

    • Dictionary definition

    • Mediating variable

    Correct Answer
    A. Operational definition
    Explanation
    The given statement defines the criteria for categorizing an individual as a customer based on their shopping history at the establishment. This criteria includes two specific requirements: shopping at least twice prior to the start of the study and expenditures of more than $10. This is an example of an operational definition because it provides clear and measurable criteria for identifying and categorizing customers in the study.

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  • 23. 

    Micah is reviewing encyclopedia entries, textbooks, handbooks, and magazine and newspaper articles to gather information for her project. These are all examples of _____ sources of information.

    • Secondary

    • Primary

    • Tertiary

    • Statistical

    • External

    Correct Answer
    A. Secondary
    Explanation
    The given answer, "secondary," is correct because the sources mentioned (encyclopedia entries, textbooks, handbooks, and magazine and newspaper articles) are all considered secondary sources of information. Secondary sources are created by someone who did not directly experience or witness the events or phenomena being discussed. They provide analysis, interpretation, or commentary on primary sources, which are firsthand accounts or original research. In this case, Micah is using these secondary sources to gather information for her project.

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  • 24. 

    A(n) _____ study explains what happened to a measured variable after-the-fact.

    • Ex post facto

    • Exploratory

    • Experimental

    • Statistical

    • Causalcausal

    Correct Answer
    A. Ex post facto
    Explanation
    An ex post facto study is a type of study that explains what happened to a measured variable after it has already occurred. It looks at past events and analyzes the data to understand the relationship between variables. This type of study is useful for gaining insights and understanding patterns or trends in retrospect. It is different from exploratory, experimental, statistical, and causal studies, which focus on different aspects of research design and analysis.

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  • 25. 

    Which of the following is not a possible source of business intelligence?

    • Competitor web sites

    • Government reports

    • Business research reports

    • Clipping services

    • All of the above are possible sources

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above are possible sources
    Explanation
    All of the options listed in the question, including competitor web sites, government reports, business research reports, and clipping services, are possible sources of business intelligence. This means that none of these options can be considered as not a possible source of business intelligence.

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  • 26. 

    The problem or opportunity that requires a business decision is called the _____.

    • Research question

    • Management-research-question hierarchy

    • Management dilemma

    • Management question

    • Investigative question

    Correct Answer
    A. Management dilemma
    Explanation
    A management dilemma refers to a situation or problem that requires a business decision. It represents a challenge or opportunity that needs to be addressed by management. This term implies that there is uncertainty or conflict surrounding the decision-making process, as managers may face various options and potential consequences. By identifying and understanding the management dilemma, organizations can develop strategies and make informed decisions to overcome the problem or seize the opportunity at hand.

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  • 27. 

    Northwest Airlines applied mathematical models to determine which customers in its database were currently responsible for most of its profitability and which customers were not currently profitable but had similar characteristics to the most profitable customers. Northwest Airlines utilized _____ to identify these customers.

    • Computer programming

    • Data warehousing

    • Customer relationships management

    • Data mining

    • Intervention

    Correct Answer
    A. Data mining
    Explanation
    Northwest Airlines used data mining to identify customers who were currently responsible for the majority of its profitability and also to identify customers who were not currently profitable but shared similar characteristics with the most profitable customers. Data mining involves analyzing large sets of data to discover patterns, trends, and relationships that can be used to make informed business decisions. By utilizing data mining techniques, Northwest Airlines was able to gain valuable insights into its customer base and tailor its strategies accordingly.

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  • 28. 

    The approach to ethics that relies upon each individual's own sense of morality is known as _____.

    • Ethical relativism

    • Deontology

    • Empiricism

    • Utilitarian

    Correct Answer
    A. Ethical relativism
    Explanation
    Ethical relativism is the approach to ethics that relies upon each individual's own sense of morality. It suggests that there are no universal moral truths and that moral judgments are subjective and vary from person to person or culture to culture. This means that what is considered morally right or wrong can differ based on personal beliefs, cultural norms, or societal values. Ethical relativism emphasizes the importance of understanding and respecting different perspectives and allows for moral diversity.

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  • 29. 

    In a restaurant complaint study, Dr. Jackson used deception to avoid biasing the participants. In this situation, what should Dr. Jackson do once the research is complete?

    • Apologize

    • Pay the participants

    • Debrief the participants

    • Seek psychological attention for the participants

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Debrief the participants
    Explanation
    After using deception in the restaurant complaint study to avoid biasing the participants, Dr. Jackson should debrief the participants once the research is complete. Debriefing involves providing the participants with a full explanation of the study, including any deception that was used, and addressing any concerns or questions they may have. This is important for ethical reasons, as it allows participants to fully understand the study and ensures their well-being. Apologizing and paying the participants may also be appropriate in certain cases, but debriefing is necessary regardless. Seeking psychological attention for the participants may be necessary if any negative effects were caused by the deception.

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  • 30. 

    Consider the following example: "Retail sales increases in the 2005 holiday season were below projections. Sales were disappointing because consumers were not confident about economic growth." This is an example of a(n) _____.

    • Inductive argument

    • Deductive argument

    • Empirical argument

    • Fact

    • Premise

    Correct Answer
    A. Inductive argument
    Explanation
    The given example is an inductive argument because it presents specific observations (retail sales increases in the 2005 holiday season were below projections) and draws a general conclusion (sales were disappointing because consumers were not confident about economic growth). Inductive arguments rely on evidence or observations to support a probable conclusion, rather than providing a certain or logical deduction.

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  • 31. 

    Information collected from participants, by observation, or from secondary sources is called _____.

    • Response

    • Data

    • Knowledge

    • Fact

    • Perceptual content

    Correct Answer
    A. Data
    Explanation
    Data refers to the information that is collected from participants, observed, or obtained from secondary sources. It can include various forms of raw facts, figures, statistics, or qualitative information. Data is typically used for analysis, interpretation, and decision-making purposes. It forms the foundation for generating knowledge and extracting meaningful insights.

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  • 32. 

    During the _____ stage, the analyst will look for patterns of responses to the survey questions.

    • Data editing

    • Data collection

    • Data analysis

    • Sampling

    • Reporting

    Correct Answer
    A. Data analysis
    Explanation
    During the data analysis stage, the analyst will examine the collected data to identify any patterns or trends in the responses to the survey questions. This involves organizing and summarizing the data, performing statistical calculations, and interpreting the findings. The purpose of data analysis is to gain insights and draw conclusions from the data that can inform decision-making or further research. It is an important step in the research process as it helps to make sense of the information collected and provides meaningful results.

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  • 33. 

    When evaluating an information source, the time period and geographic limitations are considered as part of the _____ factor.

    • Purpose

    • Scope

    • Authority

    • Audience

    • Format

    Correct Answer
    A. Scope
    Explanation
    When evaluating an information source, the time period and geographic limitations are considered as part of the scope factor. Scope refers to the extent or range of information covered in the source. By assessing the time period and geographic limitations, one can determine the breadth and depth of the information provided. This helps in understanding the context and relevance of the information to the research or inquiry at hand.

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  • 34. 

    A private network that uses internet protocols and the public telecommunication system to share an organization's information, data or operations the external suppliers, vendors, or customers is called a(n) ____.

    • Decision support system

    • Intranet

    • Extranet

    • Internet

    • Data warehouse

    Correct Answer
    A. Extranet
    Explanation
    An extranet is a private network that uses internet protocols and the public telecommunication system to share an organization's information, data, or operations with external suppliers, vendors, or customers. It allows authorized individuals outside of the organization to access specific resources and collaborate with the organization. Unlike the internet, which is open to the public, an extranet is restricted to authorized users only. It provides a secure and controlled environment for sharing sensitive information with external parties while maintaining the organization's privacy and security.

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  • 35. 

    When participants are intentionally or accidentally deceived, they should be _____ once the research is complete.

    • Paid

    • Debriefed

    • Thanked

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Debriefed
    Explanation
    When participants are intentionally or accidentally deceived during research, it is important to debrief them once the research is complete. Debriefing involves providing participants with a detailed explanation of the study, including any deception that may have occurred, and addressing any questions or concerns they may have. This allows participants to fully understand the purpose and procedures of the study, and helps to ensure their well-being and trust in the research process. Therefore, debriefing is the appropriate action to take in such situations.

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  • 36. 

    _____ involves explaining any deception, describing the purpose of the study, sharing the results after the study, and providing any medical or psychological attention.

    • Informed consent

    • IRB review

    • Debriefing

    • Interviewing

    • Nondisclosure

    Correct Answer
    A. Debriefing
    Explanation
    Debriefing involves explaining any deception, describing the purpose of the study, sharing the results after the study, and providing any medical or psychological attention. This process is essential in research studies to ensure that participants are fully informed about the study and its outcomes. It allows participants to understand the reasons behind any deception used, provides closure after their involvement, and offers any necessary support or follow-up care. Debriefing helps maintain ethical standards and promotes transparency in research.

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  • 37. 

    Direct observation of phenomena, empirically testable hypotheses, and the ability to rule out rival hypotheses are all essential tenets of the _____.

    • Experiential method

    • Scientific method

    • Intuitive process

    • Strategic management process

    • Account planning philosophy

    Correct Answer
    A. Scientific method
    Explanation
    The scientific method is based on direct observation of phenomena, the formulation of empirically testable hypotheses, and the ability to rule out rival hypotheses. This method is used in scientific research to systematically investigate and understand the natural world. It involves making observations, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments or gathering data, analyzing the results, and drawing conclusions. The scientific method is a systematic and logical approach that ensures that research findings are reliable, valid, and objective.

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  • 38. 

    A(n) _____ study involves manipulation of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable.

    • Ex post facto

    • Exploratory

    • Experimental

    • Statistical

    • Causal

    Correct Answer
    A. Experimental
    Explanation
    An experimental study involves manipulation of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable. In this type of study, the researcher actively changes the independent variable(s) and measures the resulting changes in the dependent variable(s). This allows for the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between variables, as the researcher has control over the manipulation of variables. Experimental studies are often conducted in controlled environments and involve the use of control groups to compare the effects of the manipulated variables.

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  • 39. 

    The primary difference between a monitoring study and a communication study is that in a communication study, the researcher _____.

    • Observes participants

    • Documents activities without eliciting direct responses

    • Asks questions of participants

    • Collects data

    • Records information over a period of time

    Correct Answer
    A. Asks questions of participants
    Explanation
    In a communication study, the researcher asks questions of participants. This means that the researcher actively engages with the participants and seeks their input and responses to gather information. Unlike in a monitoring study where the researcher may simply observe or document activities without eliciting direct responses, a communication study involves direct interaction and questioning to understand the communication process and its effects.

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  • 40. 

    Which term below refers to a research program or technique that is owned by a single firm?

    • Proprietary

    • Omnibus

    • Full-service

    • Limited service

    • Internal

    Correct Answer
    A. Proprietary
    Explanation
    The term "proprietary" refers to a research program or technique that is owned by a single firm. This means that the program or technique is exclusive to that particular firm and is not available for use or ownership by any other entity. It implies that the firm has developed and owns the rights to the program or technique, giving them a competitive advantage in the market.

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  • 41. 

    Specialty research suppliers who provide the screening and recruiting of probability samples for a wide range of survey studies are called _____.

    • Sampling specialists

    • Field business specialists

    • Head hunters

    • Screeners

    • Syndicators

    Correct Answer
    A. Sampling specialists
    Explanation
    Sampling specialists are specialty research suppliers who provide the screening and recruiting of probability samples for a wide range of survey studies. They are experts in selecting representative samples from a population and ensuring that the sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the target population. Sampling specialists play a crucial role in the research process by helping researchers obtain reliable and valid data for their studies.

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  • 42. 

    Debriefing differs from informed consent in that _____.

    • Debriefing occurs after the study while informed consent occurs before

    • Debriefing discloses any deception while informed consent does not

    • Informed consent discloses the purpose of the study while a debriefing does not

    • Individuals who are not competent to give consent and simply be debriefed

    • Debriefing guidelines are based on the Nuremberg Code while informed consent guidelines are based on the American Psychological Association's code of ethics

    Correct Answer
    A. Debriefing occurs after the study while informed consent occurs before
    Explanation
    Debriefing occurs after the study while informed consent occurs before. This means that informed consent is obtained from participants before they take part in a study, ensuring that they understand the purpose, procedures, and potential risks involved. Debriefing, on the other hand, takes place after the study is completed and involves providing participants with additional information about the study's objectives, any deception that may have been used, and addressing any concerns or questions they may have. Debriefing is an important ethical practice to ensure that participants are fully informed and treated respectfully throughout the research process.

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  • 43. 

    Which type of study is loosely structured and designed to expand understanding of a topic and provide insights?

    • Formal

    • Causal

    • Exploratory

    • Experimental

    • Descriptive

    Correct Answer
    A. Exploratory
    Explanation
    An exploratory study is loosely structured and designed to expand understanding of a topic and provide insights. This type of study is often conducted when there is limited existing knowledge or when the topic is not well understood. It allows researchers to gather preliminary information, identify potential relationships or patterns, and generate hypotheses for further investigation. Exploratory studies are typically flexible in their approach and may involve methods such as interviews, focus groups, or observations to gather qualitative data.

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  • 44. 

    All of the following are examples of primary sources of information except _____.

    • Memos

    • Letters

    • Transcripts of speeches

    • Google searches

    • Economic data

    Correct Answer
    A. Google searches
    Explanation
    Google searches are not considered primary sources of information because they are not original or firsthand sources. Primary sources are typically original documents or artifacts that provide direct evidence or firsthand accounts of an event or topic. Memos, letters, transcripts of speeches, and economic data are all examples of primary sources as they contain original information that can be analyzed and interpreted. However, Google searches are a means of accessing information from various sources, but they do not provide original or firsthand information themselves.

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  • 45. 

    The goal of a formal study is to _____.

    • Discover future research tasks

    • Expand understanding of a topic

    • Test hypotheses

    • Provide insight

    • Develop hypotheses

    Correct Answer
    A. Test hypotheses
    Explanation
    A formal study aims to test hypotheses. This involves conducting research and collecting data to determine whether the hypotheses are supported or refuted. By testing hypotheses, researchers can gather empirical evidence and draw conclusions about the relationships or effects they are investigating. This process helps to advance knowledge and contribute to the existing body of research on a particular topic.

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  • 46. 

    In the book, In Search of Excellence, the authors examined the characteristics of highly successful companies by studying the full context of each organization, using multiple sources of information, and identifying the relationship between managerial decisions and success. This is an example of a(n) _____.

    • Case study

    • Exploratory study

    • Descriptive study

    • Statistical study

    • Causal study

    Correct Answer
    A. Case study
    Explanation
    The given correct answer is "case study". A case study involves examining a particular phenomenon or situation in depth, often using multiple sources of information and analyzing the context and relationships between variables. In the book, "In Search of Excellence", the authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of highly successful companies, studying their characteristics, managerial decisions, and overall success. This aligns with the approach of a case study, making it the appropriate answer.

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  • 47. 

    To ensure the ethical treatment of participants, researchers should do all of the following except _____.

    • Explain the benefits of the study

    • Provide incentives to participants

    • Explain the participants rights

    • Explain what steps have been taken to protect participants

    • Obtain informed consent

    Correct Answer
    A. Provide incentives to participants
    Explanation
    Researchers should provide incentives to participants in order to encourage their participation in a study. Incentives can include monetary compensation, gift cards, or other rewards. Providing incentives helps to ensure that participants are willing to take part in the study and that they are not being coerced or unduly influenced. However, it is important for researchers to explain the benefits of the study, explain participants' rights, explain the steps taken to protect participants, and obtain informed consent. These measures are necessary to ensure the ethical treatment of participants and protect their rights and well-being.

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  • 48. 

    Bill often feels insecure about how others view him. To increase his feelings of self-esteem, Bill often buys expensive, luxury items. Self-esteem is an example of a(n) _____.

    • Construct

    • Fact

    • Concept

    • Theory

    • Model

    Correct Answer
    A. Construct
    Explanation
    Self-esteem is an abstract psychological concept that cannot be directly observed or measured. It is a subjective evaluation of one's own worth and value. Constructs are theoretical concepts that are used to explain and understand phenomena that cannot be directly observed. In this case, self-esteem is a construct because it is a theoretical concept used to explain Bill's feelings of insecurity and his behavior of buying expensive items to boost his self-esteem.

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  • 49. 

    Ex Post Facto evaluation means that the research is evaluated _____.

    • Prior to execution

    • Based on the facts

    • After the research concludes

    • Each day throughout the project

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. After the research concludes
    Explanation
    Ex Post Facto evaluation refers to the evaluation of research after it has been conducted. This means that the evaluation takes place after the research concludes, allowing for an analysis of the facts and findings that have been gathered. Prior to execution refers to evaluation before the research begins, based on the facts implies ongoing evaluation throughout the research process, and each day throughout the project suggests daily evaluation, none of which accurately describe Ex Post Facto evaluation.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Oct 25, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Nyssa007

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