Quiz Online 4 Chapter 5 Host Cells And Vectors
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Insertion of a fragment of DNA, containing a gene, into a cloning vector, and subsequent propagation of the recombinant DNA molecule in a host organism.
- A.
Gene cloning
- B.
Recombinant DNA
- C.
Cloning vector
- D.
Multiple cloning site
Correct Answer
A. Gene cloningExplanation
Gene cloning refers to the process of inserting a fragment of DNA, which contains a specific gene, into a cloning vector. The cloning vector is a DNA molecule that can replicate inside a host organism, such as a bacterium. This recombinant DNA molecule is then propagated or replicated within the host organism, resulting in the production of multiple copies of the gene of interest. This technique allows scientists to study and manipulate specific genes, as well as produce large quantities of the gene for various applications in research, medicine, and biotechnology.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A DNA molecule created in the test tube by ligating pieces of DNA that are not normally joined together.
- A.
Gene cloning
- B.
Recombinant DNA
- C.
Cloning vector
- D.
Multiple cloning site
Correct Answer
B. Recombinant DNAExplanation
Recombinant DNA refers to a DNA molecule that is created by combining pieces of DNA that are not naturally joined together. In this process, DNA fragments from different sources are ligated together in a test tube, resulting in a new DNA molecule with a combination of genetic material from different organisms. This technique is commonly used in gene cloning, where specific genes are isolated and inserted into a cloning vector, which acts as a carrier for the recombinant DNA. The multiple cloning site within the cloning vector allows for the insertion of different DNA fragments, facilitating the creation of recombinant DNA molecules.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A cell that harbors foreign molecules, viruses, or microorganisms.
- A.
Gene cloning
- B.
E. coli
- C.
Cloning vector
- D.
Host
Correct Answer
D. HostExplanation
The term "host" refers to a cell that contains foreign molecules, viruses, or microorganisms. In the context of gene cloning, the host cell is the organism that is used to replicate and express the cloned gene. In this process, the gene of interest is inserted into a cloning vector, which is then introduced into the host cell. The host cell provides the necessary cellular machinery and environment for the gene to be replicated and expressed. E. coli is a commonly used host organism for gene cloning due to its ease of manipulation and rapid growth rate.Rate this question:
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- 4.
A vector that can replicate in the cells of more than one organism (e.g. in Escherichia coli and in yeast).
- A.
Shuttle vector
- B.
Insertion vector
- C.
Cloning vector
- D.
Replacement vector
Correct Answer
A. Shuttle vectorExplanation
A shuttle vector is a type of vector that has the ability to replicate in the cells of more than one organism, such as in Escherichia coli and in yeast. This vector is designed to be able to move between different host organisms, allowing for the transfer and expression of foreign DNA in multiple organisms. It is commonly used in molecular biology research to study gene function and expression in different organisms.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A λ vector constructed by deleting a segment of non-essential DNA
- A.
Shuttle vector
- B.
Insertion vector
- C.
Cloning vector
- D.
Replacement vector
Correct Answer
B. Insertion vectorExplanation
An insertion vector is a type of vector used in genetic engineering to insert foreign DNA into a host organism. It is designed to have a segment of non-essential DNA removed, allowing for the insertion of the desired DNA sequence. This vector is commonly used in cloning experiments as it facilitates the transfer of the desired DNA into the host organism.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A DNA molecule that is able to replicate inside a host cell and therefore can be used to clone other fragments of DNA.
- A.
Shuttle vector
- B.
Insertion vector
- C.
Cloning vector
- D.
Replacement vector
Correct Answer
C. Cloning vectorExplanation
A cloning vector is a DNA molecule that can replicate inside a host cell and is used to clone other fragments of DNA. It serves as a carrier for the DNA fragment that is being cloned and allows for the replication and amplification of the inserted DNA. This vector can be easily manipulated and modified to accommodate different DNA fragments, making it a valuable tool in genetic engineering and biotechnology.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A λ vector designed so that insertion of new DNA is by replacement of part of the non-essential region of the λ DNA molecule.
- A.
Shuttle vector
- B.
Insertion vector
- C.
Cloning vector
- D.
Replacement vector
Correct Answer
D. Replacement vectorExplanation
A replacement vector is a λ vector that is specifically designed to allow for the insertion of new DNA by replacing a portion of the non-essential region of the λ DNA molecule. This means that a segment of the original DNA is replaced with the desired DNA sequence, allowing for the introduction of new genetic material. Unlike other vectors such as shuttle vectors or cloning vectors, the primary function of a replacement vector is to replace a specific portion of the original DNA rather than simply carrying and replicating the inserted DNA.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A gene carried by a vector and conferring a recognizable characteristic on a cell containing the vector or a recombinant DNA molecule derived from the vector.
- A.
Origin of replication
- B.
Selectable marker
- C.
Copy number
- D.
Multiple cloning site
Correct Answer
B. Selectable markerExplanation
A selectable marker is a gene that is used to identify and select cells that have successfully taken up a vector or recombinant DNA molecule. It confers a characteristic on the cell that allows it to be distinguished from cells that have not taken up the vector. This characteristic could be resistance to a particular antibiotic, for example. By using a selectable marker, researchers can easily identify and isolate the cells that have successfully incorporated the desired gene or DNA molecule.Rate this question:
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- 9.
A short segment of DNA that contains several unique restriction endonuclease sites in cloning vector
- A.
Origin of replication
- B.
Selectable marker
- C.
Copy number
- D.
Multiple cloning site
Correct Answer
D. Multiple cloning siteExplanation
The correct answer is multiple cloning site. A multiple cloning site is a short segment of DNA in a cloning vector that contains several unique restriction endonuclease sites. These sites allow for the insertion of foreign DNA into the vector, making it a useful tool in genetic engineering and molecular biology research. The multiple cloning site is often located within the coding region of a gene, allowing for easy identification and selection of recombinant clones.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A usually circular piece of DNA often found in bacteria and some other types of cell.
- A.
Plasmid
- B.
Phage
- C.
Cosmid
- D.
Phagemid
Correct Answer
A. PlasmidExplanation
A plasmid is a usually circular piece of DNA that is commonly found in bacteria and some other types of cells. It is separate from the cell's chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. Plasmids often carry genes that provide advantages to the cell, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to produce certain proteins. They can also be used as tools in genetic engineering and biotechnology.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Cloning vector comprising a mixture of plasmid and phage DNA.
- A.
Plasmid
- B.
Phage
- C.
Cosmid
- D.
Phagemid
Correct Answer
D. PhagemidExplanation
A phagemid is a vector that contains elements of both a plasmid and a phage DNA. It has the ability to replicate like a plasmid in bacterial cells and can also be packaged into phage particles like phage DNA. This allows for the efficient cloning and propagation of DNA fragments.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A virus that infects a bacterium.
- A.
Plasmid
- B.
Phage
- C.
Cosmid
- D.
Phagemid
Correct Answer
B. PhageExplanation
A phage is a type of virus that infects bacteria. It attaches to the bacterial cell and injects its genetic material into the cell, causing the cell to produce more phages. This eventually leads to the lysis or destruction of the bacterial cell. Phages are commonly used in molecular biology research to study bacterial genetics and as tools for genetic engineering. Therefore, a phage is the correct answer for a virus that infects a bacterium.Rate this question:
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- 13.
A high-capacity cloning vector consisting of the λ cos site inserted into a plasmid.
- A.
Plasmid
- B.
Phage
- C.
Cosmid
- D.
Phagemid
Correct Answer
C. CosmidExplanation
A cosmid is a type of cloning vector that combines the features of a plasmid and a phage. It contains the λ cos site, which allows it to be packaged into phage particles. This high-capacity cloning vector is able to accommodate large DNA fragments and can be easily manipulated in the laboratory. Therefore, the correct answer is cosmid.Rate this question:
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- 14.
A cell that has become transformed by the uptake of naked DNA.
- A.
Genomic library
- B.
Transformant
- C.
Host
- D.
Plaque
Correct Answer
B. TransformantExplanation
A transformant refers to a cell that has undergone transformation, which is the process of taking up and incorporating foreign DNA into its own genome. In this context, the correct answer suggests that the cell has been transformed by the uptake of naked DNA, meaning that it has taken up DNA that is not associated with any proteins or other molecules. Therefore, the cell has been genetically altered and is now considered a transformant.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A zone of clearing on a lawn of bacteria caused by lysis of the cells by infecting bacteriophages
- A.
Genomic library
- B.
Transformant
- C.
Host
- D.
Plaque
Correct Answer
D. PlaqueExplanation
A plaque refers to a zone of clearing on a lawn of bacteria, which is caused by the lysis of bacterial cells due to infection by bacteriophages. Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, and when they infect a bacterial cell, they replicate inside it and eventually cause the cell to burst, releasing new phages. These released phages then go on to infect neighboring bacterial cells, creating a visible clearing or plaque on the lawn of bacteria. Therefore, the correct answer is plaque.Rate this question:
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- 16.
A collection of clones made from a set of randomly generated overlapping DNA fragments representing the entire genome of an organism.
- A.
Genomic library
- B.
Transformant
- C.
Host
- D.
Plaque
Correct Answer
A. Genomic libraryExplanation
A genomic library is a collection of clones made from a set of randomly generated overlapping DNA fragments representing the entire genome of an organism. This library allows researchers to study and analyze specific genes or sequences of interest. Each clone in the library contains a different portion of the organism's genome, providing a comprehensive representation of its genetic material. By studying the clones in the genomic library, researchers can gain insights into the organization, function, and regulation of genes within the organism.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The acquisition by a cell of new genes by the uptake of naked DNA.
- A.
Insertional inactivation
- B.
Transformation
- C.
Transgenic
- D.
Transfection
Correct Answer
B. TransformationExplanation
Transformation refers to the process by which a cell acquires new genes through the uptake of naked DNA. This can occur naturally in certain bacteria, where they can take up DNA from their environment. In the laboratory, transformation is commonly used as a technique to introduce foreign DNA into cells, such as in genetic engineering experiments. The correct answer, "transformation," accurately describes the acquisition of new genes by a cell through the uptake of naked DNA.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The introduction of purified phage DNA molecules into a bacterial cell.
- A.
Insertional inactivation
- B.
Transformation
- C.
Transgenic
- D.
Transfection
Correct Answer
D. TransfectionExplanation
Transfection refers to the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells. In this case, the question mentions the introduction of purified phage DNA molecules into a bacterial cell, which is not a natural process. Therefore, the correct answer is transfection, as it specifically applies to the introduction of genetic material into eukaryotic cells.Rate this question:
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- 19.
A cloning strategy whereby insertion of a new piece of DNA into a vector inactivates a gene carried by the vector.
- A.
Insertional inactivation
- B.
Transformation
- C.
Transduction
- D.
Transfection
Correct Answer
A. Insertional inactivationExplanation
Insertional inactivation is a cloning strategy where a new piece of DNA is inserted into a vector, causing the inactivation of a gene that the vector carries. This technique is commonly used in genetic engineering to study the function of specific genes by disrupting their activity. The inserted DNA can be a gene of interest or a marker gene, allowing researchers to easily identify and select for cells or organisms that have successfully incorporated the vector. Insertional inactivation is an effective method for studying gene function and can provide valuable insights into the role of specific genes in various biological processes.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A high-capacity cloning vector based on the F plasmid of Escherichia coli.
- A.
YAC
- B.
BAC
- C.
YEp
- D.
YIp
Correct Answer
B. BACExplanation
BAC stands for Bacterial Artificial Chromosome, which is a high-capacity cloning vector based on the F plasmid of Escherichia coli. BACs are used to clone and manipulate large DNA fragments, typically ranging from 100 to 300 kilobases in size. They are commonly used in genomic research, as they can accommodate large genes or even entire genomes. BACs have several advantages over other cloning vectors, including their stability and ability to maintain large DNA inserts without rearrangement or deletion. Therefore, BAC is the correct answer in this case.Rate this question:
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- 21.
This plasmid vectors replicate autonomously because of the presence of a segment of the yeast 2 mm plasmid that serves as an origin of replication (2 mm ori)
- A.
YCp
- B.
BAC
- C.
YEp
- D.
YIp
Correct Answer
C. YEpExplanation
The correct answer is YEp. YEp plasmids are yeast expression plasmids that replicate autonomously due to the presence of a segment of the yeast 2 mm plasmid that serves as an origin of replication (2 mm ori). YCp, BAC, and YIp are other types of plasmids commonly used in yeast research, but they do not have the specific origin of replication required for autonomous replication.Rate this question:
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- 22.
This plasmid vectors do not replicate autonomously, but integrate into the genome at low frequencies by homologous recombination.
- A.
YCp
- B.
BAC
- C.
YEp
- D.
YIp
Correct Answer
D. YIpExplanation
The correct answer is YIp. YIp plasmids are known as integrating plasmids because they do not replicate autonomously but instead integrate into the genome at low frequencies through homologous recombination. YCp, BAC, and YEp are examples of other types of plasmid vectors that have different characteristics and functions.Rate this question:
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- 23.
This plasmid vectors are autonomously replicating vectors containing centromere sequences, CEN, and autonomously replicating sequences, ARS.
- A.
YCp
- B.
BAC
- C.
YEp
- D.
YIp
Correct Answer
A. YCpExplanation
The correct answer is YCp. YCp is a type of plasmid vector that contains both centromere sequences (CEN) and autonomously replicating sequences (ARS). This means that it can replicate autonomously and be stably maintained in yeast cells. BAC, YEp, and YIp are also plasmid vectors commonly used in yeast research, but they do not contain both CEN and ARS sequences like YCp does.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The process of using a glass micropipette to insert substances at a microscopic or borderline macroscopic level into a single living cell.
- A.
Microinjection
- B.
Biolistic
- C.
Transformation
- D.
Electroporation
Correct Answer
A. MicroinjectionExplanation
Microinjection is the correct answer because it involves using a glass micropipette to insert substances into a single living cell. This process is done at a microscopic or borderline macroscopic level, allowing for precise and targeted delivery of the substances. Microinjection is commonly used in various fields of research, such as genetics and cell biology, to introduce specific molecules or genetic material into cells for various purposes, including gene editing and studying cellular processes.Rate this question:
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- 25.
A means of introducing DNA into cells that involves bombardment with high-velocity microprojectiles coated with DNA.
- A.
Microinjection
- B.
Biolistic
- C.
Transformation
- D.
Electroporation
Correct Answer
B. BiolisticExplanation
Biolistic refers to a method of introducing DNA into cells by bombarding them with high-velocity microprojectiles coated with DNA. This method is also known as particle bombardment or gene gun. It is commonly used in plant transformation and genetic engineering experiments. The microprojectiles carry the desired DNA into the cells, allowing for the introduction of new genetic material. This technique is particularly useful for introducing DNA into cells that are difficult to transform using other methods, such as plant cells with tough cell walls.Rate this question:
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- 26.
A mechanical method used to introduce polar molecules into a host cell through the cell membrane.
- A.
Electroporation
- B.
Microinjection
- C.
Transformation
- D.
Biolistic
Correct Answer
A. ElectroporationExplanation
Electroporation is a mechanical method used to introduce polar molecules into a host cell through the cell membrane. This technique involves applying an electric field to the cell, which creates temporary pores in the cell membrane, allowing the polar molecules to enter. Electroporation is commonly used in molecular biology and genetic engineering to introduce DNA or other molecules into cells for various purposes, such as gene expression studies or the production of recombinant proteins.Rate this question:
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- 27.
A culture of bacteria that have been treated, for example, by soaking in calcium chloride, so that their ability to take up DNA molecules is enhanced.
- A.
Host cell
- B.
Plaque
- C.
Competent
- D.
Transformant
Correct Answer
C. CompetentExplanation
The term "competent" refers to a culture of bacteria that have been treated with calcium chloride, which enhances their ability to take up DNA molecules. This treatment makes the bacteria more capable or "competent" of undergoing genetic transformation, where they can take in and incorporate foreign DNA into their own genome.Rate this question:
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- 28.
A DNA molecule made up of linear genomes or other DNA units linked head to tail.
- A.
Stuffer fragment
- B.
Cos site
- C.
Transgenic
- D.
Concatamer
Correct Answer
D. ConcatamerExplanation
A concatamer refers to a DNA molecule that is made up of linear genomes or other DNA units linked head to tail. This means that multiple DNA units are joined together in a linear fashion, creating a longer DNA molecule. Concatamers are commonly observed in viral genomes and can also be artificially generated in the laboratory. They are important for various molecular biology techniques such as cloning and DNA sequencing.Rate this question:
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