Px CON Patología Cardiovascular (2)

Insuficiencia cardiaca is the correct answer because the given statement describes the failure of the heart to pump blood adequately to meet the metabolic needs of the body. It also mentions venous congestion, both in the lungs and systemically, regardless of ventricular function and cardiac output. This aligns with the definition of heart failure, which is a condition where the heart is unable to effectively pump blood to meet the body's demands. The other options (cardiopatía isquémica, hipertensión arterial, miocardiopatia) do not fully encompass the description provided in the statement.

The correct answer is that options a, b, and c are true. This means that any change in the anginal pattern can be a prodrome of a heart attack, the arteries cannot provide enough oxygen during increased energy demands leading to angina, and there can be necrosis of the muscle due to a sudden reduction in coronary blood flow.

The correct answer is "a b y c" because it includes all the listed items in the Botiquín de 1º auxiliaos Cardiológicos. The items listed are nitroglycerin, lidocaine 1% ampoule, atropine 0.5mg ampoule, verapamil tablet 0mg or ampoule 5mg, nifedipine tablet 20mg, furosemide tablet 40mg or ampoule 20mg, and pentazocine ampoules 30mg.

Patients who are taking negative chronotropic medication (such as beta blockers, calcium antagonists, amiodarone) and have bradycardia should reduce their dosage under the supervision of a specialist before dental treatment.

The correct answer is "a y c". The explanation for this answer is that both options "a" and "c" are correct. Option "a" states that saline rinses can be used to control bleeding, and option "c" states that adrenaline can be used in anesthesia for procedures lasting more than 30 minutes. Therefore, both options are valid and contribute to the management and control of bleeding in patients with arterial hypertension.

The correct answer is to avoid sudden changes in position of the chair and to allow the patient to sit for a few minutes after finishing, in order to prevent orthostatic hypotension, which is a secondary effect of antihypertensive medication. This is important because sudden changes in position can cause a drop in blood pressure, leading to symptoms such as dizziness or lightheadedness. All the other options mentioned in the question are not correct in the context of hypertension.

The correct answer is "todas" because the given instructions list all the steps to be followed when a patient presents angina in the dental chair. These steps include suspending treatment, taking blood pressure, administering sublingual nitroglycerin, reassuring the patient, administering pentazocine intravenously, loosening clothing, reclining the patient, and if the symptoms do not subside within 5-10 minutes, calling an equipped ambulance and administering atropine and lidocaine intravenously. Therefore, "todas" indicates that all the steps mentioned should be followed in this situation.

If bradycardia appears on the couch, administering an IV ampoule of atropine is the correct answer. Atropine is a medication commonly used to treat bradycardia, as it helps increase heart rate by blocking certain nerve signals. Lidocaine, verapamil, and furosemide are not typically used to treat bradycardia, so they are not the correct choices in this scenario.

The correct answer is nifedipina una capsula de 20mg sublingual. In a hypertensive crisis, nifedipine is commonly used to quickly lower blood pressure. It is a calcium channel blocker that relaxes and widens the blood vessels, allowing for better blood flow and reducing blood pressure. The sublingual route of administration ensures rapid absorption of the medication into the bloodstream, leading to a faster onset of action. Atropine is not indicated for hypertensive crisis but rather for certain cardiac conditions. Lidocaine is a local anesthetic and furosemide is a diuretic, neither of which are appropriate for managing hypertensive crisis.

The given statement explains that the px (patient) has an arteriosclerotic obstruction in their coronary arteries, which hinders blood flow to the myocardium and causes ischemia. This condition is known as ischemic heart disease. The options provided, including stable angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction, are all different manifestations of ischemic heart disease. Therefore, the correct answer is "todas" (all).

The correct answer is "pulso arritmico, frecuencia cardíaca elevada 150-250 lpm." This answer indicates that the patient has an irregular pulse and a high heart rate of 150-250 beats per minute. This is characteristic of ventricular fibrillation, a serious cardiac arrhythmia where the heart's electrical signals become chaotic, causing ineffective pumping of blood. It is important to identify and treat ventricular fibrillation promptly as it can lead to cardiac arrest and death if not addressed quickly.

The given answer states that the patient has a regular pulse and a heart rate of 150-250 beats per minute, but is well tolerated hemodynamically. This suggests that the patient is experiencing paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a type of arrhythmia characterized by sudden episodes of rapid heart rate originating above the ventricles. Despite the high heart rate, the patient is able to maintain stable blood pressure and cardiac output, indicating good hemodynamic tolerance.

The correct answer is to postpone the surgical intervention for a patient who has suffered a heart attack for at least 6 months. This is because after a heart attack, the heart needs time to heal and stabilize before undergoing any surgical procedures. Performing surgery too soon after a heart attack can increase the risk of complications and further damage to the heart. It is important to give the patient enough time to recover and for their heart to regain its strength before considering any surgical interventions.

The given answer states that the patient has a regular pulse with a heart rate of 150-250 beats per minute and poor hemodynamic tolerance accompanied by hypertension. This suggests that the patient is experiencing a rapid and irregular heartbeat (tachycardia) that is not well tolerated by their cardiovascular system, leading to high blood pressure. This could be indicative of a serious condition such as ventricular tachycardia or ischemic heart disease, especially considering the patient's history of cardiac disease.

The incorrect statement in regards to heart failure is the position of work being in a reclined position. Heart failure patients should avoid reclining positions as it can lead to increased fluid accumulation in the lungs and worsen their symptoms. It is important for heart failure patients to maintain an upright position or elevate the head of the bed to improve breathing and reduce fluid retention.

The false statement is about anticoagulation in patients with dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathy. The correct approach is to decrease the anticoagulation regimen prior to dental intervention in these patients.

The correct answer suggests that the patient has a rhythmic pulse with a heart rate of 100-150 beats per minute (bpm). This indicates a normal sinus rhythm with a controlled heart rate, which is considered within the normal range. It suggests that the patient's sinus tachycardia is well managed with anxiolytics and sedatives, resulting in a stable heart rate.

Inyectar ampolla de furosemida 40mg se utiliza como tratamiento para la insuficiencia cardiaca. La furosemida es un diurético de asa que ayuda a eliminar el exceso de líquido del cuerpo, lo que puede aliviar los síntomas de la insuficiencia cardiaca, como la acumulación de líquido en los pulmones y las extremidades.

The answer explains that it is practical to have a magnet because if the pacemaker is deprogrammed, applying the magnet to the generator will cause it to start sending stimuli at fixed intervals. It also suggests consulting with the cardiologist about the treatment plan, associated risks, precautionary measures, and underlying heart disease.

In the given scenario, the patient is experiencing acute heart failure during the procedure. The appropriate steps to manage this situation include suspending the procedure to prioritize the patient's health, placing the patient in a seated position to improve blood flow, and monitoring vital signs to assess the severity of the condition. Administering a dose of furosemide, a diuretic medication, helps to reduce fluid buildup in the body and alleviate symptoms. Additionally, it is important to calm and reassure the patient while promptly notifying the emergency service for further assistance. Therefore, all the mentioned actions are necessary to manage the acute heart failure during the procedure.