Puppies Are Cuter Than Cats And That Is A Fact
(250).webp "Puppies Are Cuter Than Cats And That Is A Fact - Quiz")
- 1.
The text defines a "stakeholder" of an organization as
- A.
Any group or individual with whom the organization has a formal, contractual relationship
- B.
Any individual, including a mutual fund director, who holds a financial investment or stake in the company
- C.
Any individual or group that can affect or be affected by business decisions or undertakings
- D.
Any individual or group with whom the organization has no formal contractual obligations
Correct Answer
C. Any individual or group that can affect or be affected by business decisions or undertakingsExplanation
A stakeholder is defined as any individual or group that can affect or be affected by business decisions or undertakings. This definition includes not only those with formal, contractual relationships with the organization, but also individuals who hold a financial investment or stake in the company. It recognizes that stakeholders can have a wide range of interests and influences on the organization, whether or not there are formal contractual obligations in place.Rate this question:
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- 2.
According to the text, which of the following statements is or are true about the norms governing ethical behaviors in business?
- A.
There is more agreement than disagreement about what ethical norms governing business behaviors should be
- B.
Few standards of ethical behavior are set in the law
- C.
International trade agreements are generally not a reliable place to find ethical norms in business since each country that is apart of such an agreement has its own set of ethical rules and norms
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. There is more agreement than disagreement about what ethical norms governing business behaviors should beExplanation
The text states that there is more agreement than disagreement about what ethical norms governing business behaviors should be. This implies that there is a general consensus among individuals and organizations regarding ethical standards in business.Rate this question:
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- 3.
On May 13, 2013, The Wall Street published an article entitled "How could A Sweet Third Grader Just Cheat on a School Exam?" about how parents should address young cheating by their young children. One parent was quoted as saying she discouraged her children from cheating by telling them that: "Cheating flies in the face of the values of our family and the rules of the school." If her children do not cheat based on what she told them, their children would be behaving in line with:
- A.
Level II (Conventional) of Kholberg's theory of Moral Development
- B.
Level III (Postconventional) of Kholberg's theory of Moral Development
- C.
Level I (Preconventional) of Kholberg's theory of Moral Development
- D.
Level IV (Unconventional) of Kholberg's theory of Moral Development
Correct Answer
A. Level II (Conventional) of Kholberg's theory of Moral DevelopmentExplanation
The parent's statement about cheating flying in the face of their family values and school rules suggests that they are appealing to a sense of social conformity and adherence to established norms. This aligns with Level II (Conventional) of Kholberg's theory of Moral Development, where individuals make moral decisions based on societal expectations and maintaining social order. At this level, individuals value conformity, law, and order, and seek to gain approval from others.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In the context of ethical decision making in business, the authors of the text argue that the decision-maker?
- A.
Must place the interests of investors, such as stockholders and others with a financial stake in the decision, ahead of the interests of other interested parties, such as employees and customers
- B.
Should not consider the interests of those with a secondary interest in the decision, such as the government or the greater community
- C.
Should take into consideration the broad interests of all of those affected by the decision, including the community in which the company does business
- D.
Must place the interests of the company employees and managers above those of investors and the community because employees and managers virtually always have the greatest stake in moral decision affecting the company
Correct Answer
C. Should take into consideration the broad interests of all of those affected by the decision, including the community in which the company does businessExplanation
The authors argue that in ethical decision making in business, the decision-maker should take into consideration the broad interests of all those affected by the decision, including the community in which the company does business. This means that the decision-maker should not prioritize the interests of investors or other interested parties over the well-being of the community. Instead, they should consider the impact of their decision on all stakeholders and strive to make a decision that benefits everyone involved. This approach promotes a more holistic and socially responsible approach to business decision making.Rate this question:
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- 5.
In an April 1, 2012 interview in the new york times, charlotte beers, former head of advertising giant Ogilvy & Mather, said she has observed that people can change when they become managers, " When you have some power you can lose the sense of how you're behaving and who you are, and you don't want to do that. It's dangerous. It's very addictive to be given some power." Ms. Beers observation is confirmed by?
- A.
The lowest stage of Kohlbergs framework of moral development
- B.
The central lesson of the zimbardo prison experiment
- C.
Rawl's Theory of Justice
- D.
The illusion of morality
Correct Answer
B. The central lesson of the zimbardo prison experimentExplanation
The central lesson of the Zimbardo prison experiment is that people in positions of power can easily become corrupted and engage in abusive behavior. This aligns with Charlotte Beers' observation that when people become managers and have power, they can lose sight of their behavior and identity. The Zimbardo prison experiment demonstrated how the power dynamics within a simulated prison environment led to the mistreatment and dehumanization of the participants who played the roles of prisoners and guards. This experiment serves as evidence supporting Beers' observation about the potential dangers and addictive nature of power.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In a May 2013 interview inc. Magazine, Tim Westergren, the founder of Pandora Radio was asked what kind of political party he would start if he could. Mr. Westerngren answered: "A party based on the veil of ignorance theory." According to Dr. Lori Ryan, how did John Rawls use the veil of ignorance, which Rawls conceived, in his Theory of justice
- A.
As a thought experiment that explains why someone unaware of the characteristics he would choose an ethical decision-making rule favoring the least advantaged
- B.
As a tool by which a decision-maker resolves ethical dilemmas without knowing how the decision-maker will be affected by his or her decision
- C.
As a way to enable the decision maker to screen out the consequences of his or her decision to the most advantaged person or entity affected by the decision
- D.
As a simple tool to enable even the least knowledgeable or most ignorant, decision-maker to make ethically sound decision
Correct Answer
A. As a thought experiment that explains why someone unaware of the characteristics he would choose an ethical decision-making rule favoring the least advantagedExplanation
John Rawls used the veil of ignorance as a thought experiment to explain why someone, unaware of their own characteristics, would choose an ethical decision-making rule favoring the least advantaged. This means that when making decisions, individuals should consider the least advantaged members of society and prioritize their well-being, as they could potentially find themselves in that position due to the veil of ignorance. This thought experiment helps to promote fairness and justice in decision-making processes.Rate this question:
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- 7.
One of the eight steps in ethical decision making is to think creatively about potential actions. The text cites the example of Cummins Engine Company which resolved the problem of local children cutting through a wire fence on company property and stealing valuable equipment by?
- A.
Constructing a recreational youth center in the community and outfitting it with the latest electronics since the publicly funded youth center had closed due to budget cuts
- B.
Hiring local youth leaders to patrol the area around the fense since the company found that the youth unemployment rate in the area was significantly above average
- C.
Replacing the wire fence with a brick wall
- D.
Making classrooms available on the company site since there weren't enough classrooms at the local school
Correct Answer
B. Hiring local youth leaders to patrol the area around the fense since the company found that the youth unemployment rate in the area was significantly above averageExplanation
The correct answer is hiring local youth leaders to patrol the area around the fence since the company found that the youth unemployment rate in the area was significantly above average. This action not only addresses the issue of children cutting through the fence and stealing equipment but also provides employment opportunities for local youth. By hiring them as leaders to patrol the area, the company is not only preventing theft but also contributing to the community by reducing unemployment and providing a sense of responsibility and purpose for the youth.Rate this question:
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- 8.
According to the text, in the age of social networking, a person's reputation for integrity in business is?
- A.
Less important than it once was since results now matter more than character to customers and investors
- B.
No more or less important than it ever was since social networking is used mostly to build business relationships not to investigate or discuss a persons character
- C.
Especially important since news of bad business can reach a broad audience in seconds
- D.
Subject to forces beyond a persons control, but should nonetheless be monitored very closely
Correct Answer
C. Especially important since news of bad business can reach a broad audience in secondsExplanation
In the age of social networking, a person's reputation for integrity in business is especially important since news of bad business can reach a broad audience in seconds. This suggests that with the widespread use of social media platforms, any negative information about a person's business practices can quickly become public knowledge, potentially damaging their reputation and credibility. Therefore, maintaining a good reputation for integrity is crucial in order to avoid negative consequences in the digital age.Rate this question:
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- 9.
One scholar has observed that some people believe that it is ethically appropriate for business executives to have lots of freedom to make high-risk decisions........" their view is that the fraudulent executives are bad apples in a basically sweet barrel," what ethical decision-rule most closely matches this view?
- A.
Utilitarianism
- B.
Rawls Theory of Justice
- C.
Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development
- D.
Nozicks Right Theory
Correct Answer
D. Nozicks Right TheoryExplanation
The Nozick's Right Theory closely matches the view that the fraudulent executives are bad apples in a basically sweet barrel. This ethical decision-rule emphasizes the importance of individual rights and freedoms, suggesting that individuals should have the right to make their own decisions, even if they are high-risk. It focuses on the protection of individual rights and opposes any form of coercion or interference. In this case, the belief that the fraudulent executives are the exception in an otherwise ethical business environment aligns with Nozick's emphasis on individual rights and the idea that individuals should be held accountable for their own actions.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The text says the culpability score assigned by the federal organizational sentencing guidelines in a given case?
- A.
Is designed to reflect the level of moral blameworthiness of an organization for its conduct and influences the level of punishment the organization will receive
- B.
Has no influence on the sentence an organization will receive for its conduct
- C.
Is designed to reflect the level of moral blameworthiness of an organizations highest ranking executives but not its more junior officials
- D.
Is designed to reflect the level of harm an organizations senior officials have caused by their conduct and affects the jail sentences those officials receive
Correct Answer
A. Is designed to reflect the level of moral blameworthiness of an organization for its conduct and influences the level of punishment the organization will receiveExplanation
The culpability score assigned by the federal organizational sentencing guidelines is designed to reflect the level of moral blameworthiness of an organization for its conduct. This score also influences the level of punishment that the organization will receive. In other words, the higher the culpability score, the more severe the punishment will be for the organization. This suggests that the guidelines take into account the organization's actions and assess its level of responsibility, which in turn affects the consequences it will face.Rate this question:
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- 11.
On October 6, 2012, the Wall Street Journal reported on a recent study in which hundreds of financial planners were asked to evaluate conflict of interest rules for doctors. The financial planners favored barring doctors from accepting free meals and expensive educational trips from drug companies, yet said restricting financial planners from receiving the same kinds of benefits from investment companies that sought to do business with the planners would be unnecessarily burdensome. One of the study researches said "Each of us tends to think we are much more fair and impartial than other people are" The study illustrated
- A.
The illusion of optimism
- B.
The illusion of superiority
- C.
The escalation of commitment
- D.
The confirmation trap
Correct Answer
B. The illusion of superiorityExplanation
The correct answer is the illusion of superiority. The study showed that financial planners believed they were more fair and impartial than other people, which is an example of the illusion of superiority. This bias can lead individuals to overestimate their abilities and make biased judgments. In this case, the financial planners favored rules that restricted doctors from accepting benefits from drug companies, but did not think the same rules should apply to themselves when it came to investment companies. This demonstrates a sense of superiority and a belief that they are exempt from the same rules that should apply to others.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The texts says A supervisor who tries to get subordinates to follow the ethical standards expected in the workplace?
- A.
Should be viewed as a meddler who interferes with the values of the supervisor subordinates
- B.
Should have part of his pay determined by how many ethical violations his subordinates commit
- C.
Should be held to a higher standard of conduct than supervisors who allow subordinates to behave according to their subordinates own moral values
- D.
Should be viewed as part of the natural managment process of providing clear and intentional guidance on what is considered appropriate/behavior in the particular workplace
Correct Answer
D. Should be viewed as part of the natural managment process of providing clear and intentional guidance on what is considered appropriate/behavior in the particular workplaceExplanation
The correct answer suggests that a supervisor who tries to get subordinates to follow ethical standards should be viewed as part of the natural management process of providing clear and intentional guidance on what is considered appropriate behavior in the particular workplace. This implies that it is the responsibility of supervisors to set and enforce ethical standards, ensuring that employees understand and adhere to them. This approach promotes a positive work environment and helps maintain ethical conduct within the organization.Rate this question:
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- 13.
On January 20, 2013 the NY times ran a story about a new kind of beer hall where the proceeds go to charity instead of the owner. IN one such pub in houston, patrons get one vote per drink as to which charity should get the following month's profits.... "People who resist oppression on all levels" and fight for "unrepresented and unwaged workers" the ethical philosophy in business decision-making driving the opening of the portland pub is most in line with?
- A.
A shareholder orientation to ethical decision making
- B.
Nozicks Rights Theory
- C.
Rawls Theory of Justice
- D.
Utilitarianism
Correct Answer
C. Rawls Theory of JusticeExplanation
The ethical philosophy in business decision-making driving the opening of the Portland pub is most in line with Rawls Theory of Justice. Rawls Theory of Justice emphasizes the importance of fairness and equality in distributing resources and opportunities. In the case of the beer hall, the decision to donate the profits to charity instead of the owner aligns with the idea of promoting justice and supporting marginalized groups, such as "unrepresented and unwaged workers" and those who resist oppression. This decision reflects a commitment to addressing social inequalities and promoting a more just society.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Most adults carry out an authority figure's orders, in business and other settings, even if these orders are contrary to their personal beliefs about what's right. That is the central message of:
- A.
The illusion of morality
- B.
Deindividuation
- C.
The Milgram experiment
- D.
The Pygmalion effect
Correct Answer
C. The Milgram experimentExplanation
The Milgram experiment supports the idea that most adults follow authority figures' orders, even if they conflict with their personal beliefs about what is right. The experiment involved participants administering electric shocks to another person under the instruction of an authority figure. Despite the shocks being potentially harmful, the majority of participants continued to administer them when instructed to do so. This demonstrates the power of authority and the tendency for individuals to comply with orders, even if it goes against their own moral compass.Rate this question:
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- 15.
According to Dr. Ryan the greatest advantage to utilitarianism as an ethical decision rule is?
- A.
It inserts scientific rationality into ethical decision making
- B.
It ignores the means used to reach a decision and focuses on the ends
- C.
It takes into account the interests of all those affected by the decision
- D.
It is the most morally balanced of the decision rules
Correct Answer
A. It inserts scientific rationality into ethical decision makingExplanation
Utilitarianism as an ethical decision rule inserts scientific rationality into ethical decision making by emphasizing the use of empirical evidence and logical reasoning to determine the most beneficial outcome for the greatest number of people. This approach avoids subjective and emotional biases, promoting a more objective and rational evaluation of the consequences of different actions. By considering the overall well-being and interests of all those affected by the decision, utilitarianism aims to maximize overall happiness and minimize harm, leading to a more balanced and morally justifiable decision-making process.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Harvard Business School Dean explained his school's new focus on ethics. WHen a business has a "system in which it feels like the pressure for short term returns are extraordinary and the gains from doing things in the short run are amazing, then sometimes people can act in ways that they look back and say "We acted in ways we're not proud of. Some of us may have been tempted into doing bad things" the Deans comments illustrates:
- A.
The Pygmalion effect
- B.
The negative side of setting performance goals
- C.
The illusion of morality
- D.
Th illusion of optimism
Correct Answer
B. The negative side of setting performance goalsExplanation
The Dean's comments suggest that when businesses prioritize short-term returns and place extraordinary pressure on achieving performance goals, individuals may be tempted to engage in unethical behavior. This indicates that there is a negative side to setting performance goals, as it can lead to compromising one's morals and engaging in actions that one may later regret.Rate this question:
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- 17.
After AAA agency lost a big account due to an error, Sam supervisor's boss insisted that sam investigate, determine who was responsible for the error, and fire the individual. Sam concluded Beth Bright made the mistake, but Beth's work was benefitting the agency, its shareholders, its clients, even the broader community because of her work on nonprofit boards. Beth's instructions, carl had done clerical work that led to the mistake. Sam believes in utilitarianism. Sam is mostly likely to
- A.
Resign from the firm and accept responsibility for the mistake himself to avoid having to choose between Beth, a valued employee, and Carl a slacker who was not responsible for the costly mistake
- B.
Fire Beth out of a sense of duty to the principles of truth and integrity
- C.
Fire carl because sacrificing carl for Beth's mistake, and keeping Beth, will result in the greatest net benefit to the greatest number of people affected by the decision
- D.
Fire Beth because such a decision will be made without any force or fraud since Brth was the one most responsible for the costly error
Correct Answer
C. Fire carl because sacrificing carl for Beth's mistake, and keeping Beth, will result in the greatest net benefit to the greatest number of people affected by the decisionExplanation
Sam believes in utilitarianism, which is the ethical theory that promotes actions that result in the greatest overall happiness or benefit for the greatest number of people. In this scenario, firing Carl, who was not responsible for the mistake, and keeping Beth, who has been benefiting the agency, its shareholders, clients, and the broader community through her work on nonprofit boards, would result in the greatest net benefit to the greatest number of people affected by the decision. Therefore, Sam is most likely to fire Carl and keep Beth to maximize the overall positive impact.Rate this question:
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- 18.
According to the text, A multinational company based in the united states that is operation in a developing country with environmental laws that would allow the company to pollute the country's air and water?
- A.
Has an ethical obligation to seek to have the developing country enact stronger environmental laws for the good of its employees and the community in which the company does business
- B.
Is operating ethically if the company follows the laws of the developing country. The company has no ethical duty to put itself at a competitive disadvantage by doing more than the law requires
- C.
Should consider adhering to ethical standards that are higher than the legal in the developing country. The developing country's laws do not necessarily define the company's ethical duties.
- D.
Must ethically adhere to the tougher environmental laws of the US in its operations in the developing country
Correct Answer
C. Should consider adhering to ethical standards that are higher than the legal in the developing country. The developing country's laws do not necessarily define the company's ethical duties.Explanation
The correct answer suggests that a multinational company based in the United States that is operating in a developing country with lenient environmental laws should consider adhering to ethical standards that are higher than what is legally required in that country. This is because the developing country's laws may not necessarily define the company's ethical duties. By seeking to have the country enact stronger environmental laws, the company can contribute to the well-being of its employees and the community in which it operates. This answer promotes the idea that ethical obligations go beyond legal requirements and that companies should strive to do more for the greater good.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The late Ray Kroc, the founders of McDonald's restaurant, wrote in his memoirs, " i have always believed that each man makes his own happiness and is responsible for his own problems" Mr. Kroc believed in?
- A.
A high external locus of control
- B.
A low internal locus of control
- C.
A moderate external locus of control
- D.
A high internal focus of control
Correct Answer
D. A high internal focus of controlExplanation
Ray Kroc's statement suggests that he believed in a high internal locus of control. This means that he believed individuals have control over their own happiness and are responsible for their own problems. He believed that people have the power to shape their own lives and outcomes, rather than attributing them to external factors or forces beyond their control.Rate this question:
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- 20.
In January 2011, Gil Meche, then a pitcher with the kansas City Royals, retired, turning down 12 million he would have received in the final year of a five-year contract with the team. He retired because his right shoulder did not allow him to perform at a level that he fet justified that salary. He could have taken a lighter workload and still collected the money. "Once i started to realize i wasn't earning my money, i felt bad. I didn't feel like i deserved it. I didn't want to have those feelings again" decision to decline his salary so that he could feel better about himself is a good illustration of someone?
- A.
With a high deride for Moral Approbation of Self
- B.
Misguided by the illusion of superiority
- C.
With a high Desire for Moral Approbation of Others
- D.
Following the formal code of conduct of the organizations to which he belongs
Correct Answer
A. With a high deride for Moral Approbation of SelfExplanation
The given correct answer suggests that the decision to decline the salary was motivated by a high desire for moral approbation of self. This means that the individual wanted to maintain their own moral standards and integrity by not accepting money that they felt they did not deserve. They wanted to feel good about themselves and their actions, even if it meant giving up a large sum of money. This decision was driven by their own internal sense of what is right and wrong, rather than seeking approval or validation from others.Rate this question:
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- 21.
According to the text, a company’s use of neutral language to describe conduct that raises ethical issues:
- A.
Any choice that is necessarily guided by the decision makers religious principles or lack thereof
- B.
A situation where two or more right values are in conflict
- C.
Option 3
- D.
Option 4
Correct Answer
B. A situation where two or more right values are in conflictExplanation
The correct answer is "A situation where two or more right values are in conflict." This is because the use of neutral language to describe conduct that raises ethical issues often occurs when there is a conflict between two or more values that are considered morally right. In such situations, companies may use neutral language to avoid taking a stance or appearing biased towards any particular value.Rate this question:
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Mar 19, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Feb 06, 2017Quiz Created by
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