Public Speaking Test 3

The guideline for ethical speechmaking is to employ reasoning that is above all persuasive. This means that ethical speakers should prioritize presenting logical and well-supported arguments rather than focusing solely on persuading the audience. Ethical speechmaking emphasizes honesty, being well-informed about the subject, and using sound evidence to support claims. These guidelines ensure that speakers maintain integrity, provide accurate information, and present a balanced and credible argument.

The phrase "task is heavy, toil is long, and trials will be severe" contains the repetition of the "t" sound, which is an example of alliteration. Alliteration is a literary device that involves the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in a phrase or sentence. In this case, the repeated "t" sound creates a rhythmic effect and emphasizes the challenging nature of the task, toil, and trials.

The connective material used after (4) can best be classified as a signpost. A signpost is a word or phrase that helps guide the audience through a speech or written piece by indicating the direction or structure of the content. In this case, the connective material is likely signaling a shift or transition to a new topic or subtopic, thus acting as a signpost to prepare the audience for what is to come next.

An audience's disposition toward a topic will typically include knowledge, attitude, and interest. These factors contribute to how the audience perceives and responds to the topic. However, stability is not typically considered as a factor in an audience's disposition. Stability refers to the consistency or lack of change in one's disposition, which is not directly related to the audience's perception or response to a topic.

The correct answer is "Display visual aids throughout the entire presentation." This is because it contradicts the guideline of using visual aids effectively. Visual aids should be used strategically and selectively to enhance the presentation and engage the audience. Displaying visual aids throughout the entire presentation can be distracting and overwhelming for the audience. It is recommended to use visual aids at relevant points in the presentation to support key points and improve understanding.

Guilt by association is considered to be an abusive persuasive technique. This technique involves associating a person or idea with something negative or undesirable in order to discredit them. It relies on the assumption that if someone is connected to something negative, they must also be negative or guilty. This technique can be manipulative and unfair, as it does not provide any evidence or logical reasoning to support the argument, but instead relies on emotional manipulation and prejudice.

When speakers quote or paraphrase the words of another person to support their ideas, they are using the device of testimony as support. Testimony refers to the use of someone else's words or experiences to provide evidence or credibility to an argument. By using testimony, speakers can strengthen their own ideas by presenting the perspectives or opinions of others who may have expertise or personal experience in the subject matter. This can help to convince the audience and make the argument more persuasive.

The correct answer is "Explain in detail each of the person's accomplishments." This option is not a common function of a speech of presentation because the purpose of a speech of presentation is not to provide a detailed explanation of the person's accomplishments. Instead, it focuses on acknowledging the recipient's achievements, explaining why the person is receiving the award, and explaining the purpose of the award if the audience is unfamiliar with it.

A bar graph is the most suitable visual aid for showing comparisons between two or more items because it uses horizontal or vertical bars to represent different categories or groups, and the length or height of each bar corresponds to the value or quantity being compared. This allows for easy comparison and interpretation of data, making it effective in visually conveying the differences or similarities between different items or groups.

The means of support refers to the evidence or examples used to back up the main points of a speech. While the means of support is important for providing credibility and persuasiveness to the speech, it is least likely to influence the order in which the main points are delivered. The order of main points is usually determined by the logical flow of ideas, the structure of the speech, the purpose of the speech, and the audience's understanding and engagement.

A pie graph is the best visual aid for illustrating simple distribution patterns because it allows for easy comparison of different categories or components of a whole. The circular shape of the graph represents the total value, while the individual slices represent the proportion or percentage of each category. This makes it visually intuitive to understand the distribution and relative sizes of each category. Additionally, the use of different colors or patterns for each slice helps to enhance the clarity and visual appeal of the graph.

Closing the oral cavity is not a factor involved in strengthening a thin voice. Strengthening a thin voice typically involves techniques such as relaxing the pharyngeal cavity, increasing the use of abdominal muscles, and maintaining the breath stream until the end of a sentence. Closing the oral cavity may have other effects on voice production, but it does not directly contribute to strengthening a thin voice.

The connective material used after (2) can best be classified as a transition. A transition is a word, phrase, or sentence that connects ideas and helps to create coherence in a text. In this case, the connective material is used to transition from one idea or point to the next, indicating a shift in topic or focus. It helps the reader understand the relationship between the previous information and what is to follow.

When a group leader intervenes in a personal dispute among group members, they are fulfilling the group's maintenance needs. Maintenance needs refer to the social and emotional aspects of a group, such as resolving conflicts, promoting harmony, and ensuring the well-being of its members. By intervening in a personal dispute, the group leader is addressing the emotional needs of the group, maintaining a positive group dynamic, and fostering a supportive and cohesive environment.

The correct answer is "Use figurative language when possible." This is because the other three options are all guidelines that should be followed in the composition of a speaker's purpose statement. The purpose statement should be limited to one idea, expressed as a statement rather than a question, and written as a full infinitive phrase. However, using figurative language is not a necessary guideline for a purpose statement.

The conclusion to a speech may serve several functions for a subject, including reinforcement, repetition, and application. These functions help to solidify the main points and arguments made throughout the speech, leaving a lasting impression on the audience. However, visualization is not typically a function of the conclusion. While visualization can be used in other parts of the speech to enhance understanding or engagement, it is not a primary function of the conclusion.

Denasality is not an articulation problem commonly associated with the /f/ sound. Articulation problems related to the /f/ sound typically include omission (not producing the sound), unvoicing (producing the sound without voice), and slack articulation (producing the sound with insufficient tension). Denasality, on the other hand, refers to a problem with nasal sounds, not the /f/ sound.

The connective material used after (3) can best be classified as an internal preview. An internal preview is a statement that provides a brief overview or preview of the main points or ideas that will be discussed in the upcoming section or paragraph. It helps the reader to anticipate what will be covered next and provides a smooth transition between different parts of the text. In this case, the connective material after (3) is likely providing a preview of the content that will follow, making internal preview the most appropriate classification.

The connective material used after (1) can best be classified as an internal summary. An internal summary is a statement that briefly reviews the main points or ideas that have been discussed in the preceding section. In this case, (1) is likely a main point or idea, and the connective material that follows serves to summarize or remind the reader of what has been discussed so far. This helps to provide cohesion and clarity in the text, allowing the reader to follow the flow of ideas more easily.

Exposition is the detailed explanation of facts and ideas. It involves presenting information in a clear and organized manner, providing background information, and explaining concepts or arguments. This can be done through various forms such as written or spoken texts, presentations, or visual aids. Exposition helps the audience or readers to understand complex ideas or topics by breaking them down and presenting them in a logical and coherent way. It is commonly used in academic writing, speeches, and educational materials to convey information effectively.

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People in audiences are typically most strongly motivated by habit because humans are creatures of habit and tend to gravitate towards familiar and comfortable experiences. When attending events or performances, people often seek out what they are used to and what they have enjoyed in the past. Familiarity breeds a sense of security and comfort, making habit a powerful motivator for individuals in audiences. Additionally, habits are formed through repetition, so if people have had positive experiences with certain types of events or performances in the past, they are more likely to be motivated to attend similar ones in the future.

When delivering an address, the most important listener-related factor is usually the frame of reference. This refers to the individual's background, experiences, beliefs, and values that shape their understanding and interpretation of the message. The frame of reference greatly influences how the listener perceives and receives the information, making it crucial for the speaker to consider and adapt to the audience's frame of reference in order to effectively communicate their message.

The given question asks for an exception to a test of casual reasoning. The test of casual reasoning involves determining if the assumed effect occurs when the assumed cause is present. Therefore, the correct answer is "Does the assumed effect occur when the assumed cause is present?" as it is not a valid question for testing casual reasoning.

The use of visual aids during a presentation can make it more difficult to remember. This is because relying too heavily on visual aids can cause the audience to focus more on the visuals rather than the content being presented. When the audience is primarily engaged with the visuals, they may not pay enough attention to the speaker's words and key points, resulting in a decreased ability to retain the information presented. Therefore, while visual aids can enhance a presentation, they should be used strategically and in moderation to ensure that the audience's focus remains on the main message.