Pub-ad-1 (IAS-2010) By Young Blood

Explanation
The given pairs consist of different approaches and their corresponding proponents. Each pair represents a specific field or discipline and the approach associated with it. However, the odd one out is the "Case Method Approach" represented by L. D. White. This is because the other pairs consist of approaches that are associated with their respective fields, such as the Philosophical Approach with Swami Vivekananda in philosophy, Legal Approach with Frank Goodnow in law, and Ecological Approach with F. W. Riggs in ecology. The Case Method Approach, on the other hand, does not align with any specific field, making it the odd one out.

Explanation
"Politics & Administration" is a famous book written by Frank J. Goodnow.

Explanation
The statement "Only 1" is the correct answer because F.W. Riggs observed three trends in the comparative study of public administration, and one of those trends was the shift from normative to empirical studies. This means that researchers were moving away from studying what should be done in public administration based on norms and ideals, and instead focusing on studying what is actually happening through empirical research and data analysis. Therefore, the statement "Only 1" is incorrect because it contradicts the observation made by F.W. Riggs.

Explanation
The correct answer is Charles T. Goodsell.

Explanation
Etzioni is the correct answer because he is the sociologist who introduced the three-fold classification of authority, which includes coercive authority, normative authority, and utilitarian authority. Max Weber, Barnard, and Simon are not associated with this classification.

Explanation
The given answer "Both" is correct because both statements are incorrect. According to Millet, substantive supervision deals with the actual work done by an agency, not the methods by which the work is done. On the other hand, technical supervision deals with the methods by which the work is done, not the actual work done by an agency. Therefore, both statements are incorrect.

Explanation
Likert's classification of supervisors into two types, namely job-centered and employee-centered, is correct. This classification is based on the focus and approach of supervisors towards their subordinates. Likert's Ohio studies also supported the statement that the higher the level of supervision exercised by a supervisor, the higher the level of production by a work group. This indicates a positive correlation between supervision and production levels. Therefore, the correct answer is 1 Only.

Explanation
The incorrect match is Miches Crozier - Bureaupathology. The other options correctly match the respective authors with their works on bureaucracy. However, there is no known association between Miches Crozier and Bureaupathology.

Explanation
Norbert Wiener is known for his work in cybernetics, which is the study of control and communication in systems. He provided the first clear view of an organization as a system consisting of inputs, processes, outputs, feedback, and the environment. Wiener's research emphasized the interconnectedness and interdependence of various components within an organization, highlighting the importance of feedback and adaptation in achieving effective functioning. His contributions laid the foundation for understanding organizations as complex systems that interact with their environment and require feedback mechanisms for continuous improvement.

Explanation
Both statements are correct. Taylor did suggest Management by Exception techniques of control under scientific management. This approach involves focusing on significant deviations from expected results and intervening only when these deviations occur. On the other hand, Management by objective techniques was indeed introduced by Peter Drucker. This approach emphasizes setting clear objectives for employees and evaluating their performance based on their achievement of these objectives.

Explanation
Amitai Ethioni classified the means of carries applied by an organization into three analytical categories - Physical, Material, and Symbolic.

Explanation
Kurt Goldstein is credited with coining the term "self-actualization." He was a German-American neurologist and psychiatrist who focused on holistic approaches to psychology and emphasized the importance of self-actualization in human development. Goldstein's work greatly influenced Abraham Maslow, who later popularized the concept of self-actualization in his hierarchy of needs theory. While Maslow expanded on the concept, it was Goldstein who first introduced and studied the idea of self-actualization.

Explanation
Theory "Z" of motivation is propounded by William Ouchi. This theory emphasizes the importance of employee involvement and participation in decision-making processes within an organization. It suggests that when employees have a sense of ownership and responsibility, they are more motivated and committed to achieving organizational goals. This theory also emphasizes long-term employment and loyalty between employees and organizations, promoting a more stable and cooperative work environment. McGregor, Edwin Locke, and B.F. Skinner are associated with other theories of motivation, making William Ouchi the correct answer.

Explanation
New Zealand is the first Commonwealth country in the world to have adopted the Ombudsman system in the form of Parliament Commissioner. The Ombudsman is an independent officer appointed by the government to investigate complaints against government agencies and ensure transparency and accountability in public administration. New Zealand's Ombudsman system has been recognized as a model for other countries and has played a significant role in promoting good governance and protecting the rights of citizens.