What’s Your Science Glossary IQ?

Hyperemia refers to an excess of blood in a specific area of the body. It occurs when there is an increase in blood flow to a particular organ or tissue, leading to redness and swelling. This can happen due to various reasons such as inflammation, infection, or increased metabolic activity. In hyperemia, the blood vessels in the affected area dilate, allowing more blood to flow through them. This increased blood supply can cause symptoms like warmth, redness, and swelling in the affected area.

Hematemesis refers to the medical condition of vomiting blood. It is a symptom that may be caused by various underlying conditions such as gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcers, liver disease, or trauma. The term "hematemesis" is derived from the Greek words "haima" meaning blood and "emesis" meaning vomiting. It is important to seek medical attention if experiencing hematemesis as it may indicate a serious health issue that requires prompt treatment.

Immunoglobulin refers to a glycoprotein antibody. Immunoglobulins are proteins produced by the immune system to recognize and neutralize foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. They play a crucial role in the body's defense against infections. Glycoprotein refers to a protein that has carbohydrate chains attached to it. In the case of immunoglobulins, these carbohydrate chains help in various functions, including binding to specific antigens and signaling immune cells. Therefore, the correct answer is "Glycoprotein Antibody."

Cacosmia refers to the false perception of odors, where individuals experience unpleasant or foul smells that are not actually present. This condition can be caused by various factors such as sinus infections, neurological disorders, or certain medications. It is important to note that cacosmia is different from anosmia, which is the complete loss of the sense of smell.

A pantograph is a current collection device used in electric trains and trams. It is a mechanism that connects the train or tram to the overhead power lines, allowing it to draw electricity for propulsion. The pantograph consists of a set of springs and sliding contacts that maintain contact with the overhead wires while the vehicle is in motion. This enables the transfer of electrical power from the overhead lines to the train or tram, making it the correct answer for the term "pantograph".

Onycholysis refers to the detachment of nails from the nail bed. It is a condition where the nails separate and lift off from the nail bed, usually starting at the tip and progressing towards the cuticle. This can be caused by various factors such as trauma, fungal infections, psoriasis, or certain medications. Onycholysis can result in the nails becoming discolored, thickened, or brittle. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and taking steps to promote nail regrowth and health.

Depilatory refers to something that is used for removing hair. It is commonly used to describe products such as creams, lotions, or wax that help in getting rid of unwanted hair from the body.

The term "assay" refers to the analysis of a sample. It involves examining and testing a substance to determine its composition, purity, or quality. This process is commonly used in various fields such as chemistry, biology, and medicine to understand the properties and characteristics of a particular sample. Therefore, "analysis of a sample" is the correct answer as it accurately defines the meaning of assay.

Non-Fixed-Route Service is the correct answer for Demand responsive service because it refers to a transportation system that does not follow a fixed schedule or route. Instead, it allows passengers to request pick-up and drop-off locations, providing flexibility and convenience. This type of service is commonly used in areas with low population density or for specialized transportation needs, such as paratransit services for individuals with disabilities. Unlike the other options listed, Non-Fixed-Route Service is specifically designed to adapt to the demand and needs of passengers in real-time.

The correct answer is "Signal Arm Display." A signal arm display refers to a device used to indicate signals or directions to train operators. It is typically a mechanical arm that can be extended or retracted to display different signals, such as stop, go, or caution. This helps train operators understand the current status of the track ahead and take appropriate action.

Siding refers to tracks that allow trains to pass each other. It provides a passing area where one train can move to the side, allowing another train to pass in the opposite direction. This helps to improve the efficiency and safety of train operations, especially on single-track railway lines.

The term "nosocomial" refers to something that is associated with hospitals. It is commonly used to describe infections or diseases that are acquired in a healthcare setting. These infections can be caused by various factors such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and they often occur due to poor hygiene practices or the presence of antibiotic-resistant organisms in hospitals. Therefore, the correct answer is "Associated With Hospitals".

Comet assay is a technique used to measure DNA damage. It involves subjecting cells to an electric field, causing fragmented DNA to migrate away from the nucleus and form a comet-like tail. The length and intensity of the tail can be quantified to determine the extent of DNA damage. This assay is commonly used in research and medical settings to assess genotoxicity, evaluate the effects of various treatments or substances on DNA, and study DNA repair mechanisms. It is not related to xenobiotic processes or astrological research.

The term "nychthemeral" refers to something that is related to a 24-hour period. It can be used to describe various phenomena or processes that occur within a day, such as the sleep-wake cycle or the fluctuation of temperature throughout the day. The other options, such as "sleep-inducing" or "nausea relieving," do not accurately represent the meaning of "nychthemeral."

Yaw dampers are devices used in aircraft to reduce the bouncing or oscillation motion known as yaw. Yaw refers to the side-to-side movement of an aircraft's nose, which can be caused by various factors such as turbulence or crosswinds. Yaw dampers typically consist of spring-loaded mechanisms that help stabilize the aircraft and minimize the bouncing effect, ensuring a smoother and more stable flight. Therefore, the term "Bounce-Reducing Spring" accurately describes the function of yaw dampers.