Political Systems Quiz 2

Explanation
The correct answer is Persian/Persia. The explanation is that the Persian Empire had a legal system in which they believed in codifying the laws of subject peoples and modifying them to align with the legal principles observed in the empire as a whole. They did not impose a uniform law code, allowing for some flexibility and adaptation to local customs and practices.

Explanation
The Maurya or Mauryan Empire believed that dharma, which refers to moral and ethical duties and righteousness, was greater than rational law. This belief system placed a strong emphasis on following one's duty and maintaining moral integrity, rather than simply adhering to legal or rational principles. This ideology was promoted by Emperor Ashoka, who adopted Buddhism and sought to govern his empire based on principles of non-violence, compassion, and social welfare. The Mauryan Empire's focus on dharma played a significant role in shaping its governance and societal values.

Explanation
The Han and Qin empires both required their subjects to pay state taxes, serve in the military, and contribute labor to public works projects. These obligations were a means for the empires to maintain control over their territories and ensure the functioning of their societies. By imposing these responsibilities on their subjects, the empires were able to fund their operations, strengthen their armies, and construct public infrastructure.

Explanation
The Han Empire had a legal system where the imperial legal code applied to all territories under its control. This means that the laws and regulations set by the emperor were enforced uniformly throughout the empire, ensuring consistency and order. This centralized legal system helped in maintaining control over the vast Han territories and promoting stability and governance.

Explanation
The correct answer is Achaemenid. The Achaemenid Empire was ruled by a monarchy that claimed to rule on behalf of Ahuramazda, the supreme deity in Zoroastrianism. The monarch had absolute power and authority, including the power of life and death over all subjects. The Achaemenid Empire was located in Persia, which is why the terms Persian and Persia are also correct answers.

Explanation
The Qin empire had a system of territorial administration where the emperor had the power to appoint and dismiss officials at both levels. This system also had censors who closely monitored the officials, ensuring their accountability. In addition, the empire had strict punishments for corrupt officials, indicating a strong emphasis on maintaining integrity within the administration.

Explanation
During the Han dynasty, State Confucianism was the dominant ideology. This means that the government and ruling class followed Confucianist principles in their policies and actions. However, there was also a mix of Legalist ideas, which focused on strict laws and harsh punishments to maintain order and control. This combination of Confucianism and Legalism allowed the Han dynasty to establish a stable and centralized government, while also emphasizing the importance of moral values and social harmony.

Explanation
The given answer, Maurya and Mauryan, is correct. The information provided in the question suggests a system of governance where an empire is divided into provinces, with governors appointed by the king. These governors then appoint chief magistrates for each district within their province. Additionally, there is a council of elders who rule over the village. This description aligns with the Maurya Empire, which existed in ancient India from 322 to 185 BCE and was known for its highly organized administrative structure.

Explanation
The correct answer is Persian. The term "satrapies" refers to the provinces in the Persian Empire that were governed by satraps, who were military officers appointed by the emperor. These satraps were responsible for maintaining control over their respective provinces and reporting any information or intelligence back to the imperial government. Therefore, the presence of satrapies with appointed military officers and spies indicates the Persian Empire. Persia, on the other hand, is the name of the country from which the Persian Empire originated.

Explanation
The correct answer is Maurya, Mauryan. The statement mentions that the large army included infantry, cavalry, chariots, and elephants. The Maurya and Mauryan Empire, which existed in ancient India from 322-185 BCE, were known for their powerful military forces. They had a well-organized army that consisted of different types of troops, including infantry soldiers, cavalry units, charioteers, and war elephants. Therefore, the mention of these different components of the army aligns with the historical context of the Maurya and Mauryan Empire.

Explanation
The correct answer is Roman, Rome. The statement suggests that the subjects being referred to are divided into two categories: citizens with political rights and offices, and non-citizens who have the ability to join the military. The terms "Roman" and "Rome" are likely used to indicate that these subjects belong to or are associated with the Roman Empire.

Explanation
The given answer "Han" is most likely referring to the Han Dynasty, which was a period of Chinese history that lasted from 206 BCE to 220 CE. During this time, the empire was indeed divided into provinces and districts, with the central government appointing and dismissing provincial governors. The mention of 13 inspectional circuits where the Grand Censor appointed censors to investigate also aligns with the administrative structure of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, "Han" is the correct answer based on the information provided.

Explanation
The given answer "Roman, Rome" is correct because the statement mentions the monarchy controlling state finances, membership in the Senate, and the official cult, which are all characteristics of the Roman Empire. Additionally, the statement also mentions that Christianity became the main ideology after Constantine, further reinforcing the connection to the Roman Empire as Constantine was a Roman Emperor. Therefore, the answer accurately identifies the context of the statement as being related to the Roman Empire and the city of Rome.

Explanation
The Gupta Empire relied on allies for local government and administration. The Gupta dynasty, which ruled over a large part of ancient India from the 4th to 6th centuries CE, implemented a decentralized system of governance. They formed alliances with local rulers and appointed them as governors or administrators in their respective regions. This allowed the empire to maintain control over a vast territory while also giving some degree of autonomy to the local rulers. This strategy of relying on allies for local governance was an effective way for the Gupta Empire to manage their vast empire.

Explanation
The given answer, "Roman, Rome," is correct because the principles mentioned (innocent until proven guilty, defense before a judge, use of evidence) were part of the legal system in ancient Rome. The civil law applied to all citizens, while the Law of Nations resolved issues between citizens and non-citizens. Therefore, the answer correctly identifies the connection between the principles and the Roman legal system.

Explanation
The ideology of the Qin dynasty was based on the belief that human nature was inherently corrupt. According to this belief, people were prone to selfishness, greed, and chaos. To maintain order and stability in society, a strong ruler was necessary. The Qin dynasty implemented strict laws and centralized power under the leadership of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. This ideology influenced their policies, such as the standardization of laws, the construction of the Great Wall, and the suppression of dissent. The Qin dynasty's emphasis on a strong ruler and strict control exemplified their belief in the necessity of a powerful authority to counteract human nature's corrupt tendencies.

Explanation
The correct answer is Maurya or Mauryan. This empire had a well-organized bureaucracy with various ministries, including officials, accountants, and clerks. The central treasury efficiently collected taxes. Additionally, there was a secret police force with a large number of spies and a board of censors. These characteristics align with the Maurya or Mauryan empire, known for its centralized administration and efficient governance.

Explanation
The given answer, "Persian, Persia," is correct because the statement "All subjects are the king's servants" implies that all individuals belonging to the Persian ethnicity or residing in the country of Persia are considered servants of the king. Therefore, both "Persian" and "Persia" accurately represent the subjects who serve the king.

Explanation
The Qin dynasty in ancient China implemented a legal system that replaced the diverse legal codes of individual states with a unified imperial code. This new code was enforced throughout the entire realm, ensuring consistency and uniformity in the legal system. This centralized approach aimed to strengthen the authority of the central government and eliminate regional variations in laws and regulations. The legal reforms under the Qin dynasty played a significant role in consolidating power and establishing a strong centralized state.

Explanation
The Maurya and Gupta empires are both examples of empires where each jati had darma and where the council of elders applied darma at the local level to resolve disputes.

Explanation
The Qin dynasty in ancient China implemented a system of territorial administration that consisted of a central bureaucracy. This bureaucracy was composed of three main components: a civil authority, a military authority, and a censorate. The civil authority was responsible for managing the day-to-day affairs of the government, the military authority oversaw the defense and security of the empire, and the censorate ensured that government officials were acting ethically and in accordance with the law. This system allowed for efficient governance and control over the vast territories of the Qin empire.

Explanation
The given answer "Roman, Rome" is the correct answer because the question asks for an explanation of the system of territorial administration, which is attributed to the Romans and their capital city, Rome. The Romans had a system that included public provinces, imperial provinces, and three forms of urban government. This system was implemented and managed by the Roman government, centered in Rome.

Explanation
The given answer "Roman, Rome" is correct because the statement mentions the central government and the authority to ratify the emperor, which indicates a political system. Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire, and the Romans had a centralized government with the power to appoint and deify emperors. Therefore, "Roman, Rome" accurately corresponds to the information provided in the statement.

Explanation
The correct answer is Roman, Rome. The Roman Empire had a standing army composed of different units, including legions, auxiliaries, and praetorians. Legions were the main military units, consisting of Roman citizens and renowned for their discipline and organization. Auxiliaries were non-citizen soldiers recruited from conquered territories, providing additional support to the legions. Praetorians were a special force responsible for the protection of the emperor. Together, these three components formed the standing army of the Roman Empire.

Explanation
The Qin Empire had large armies of peasant foot soldiers. The Qin dynasty was known for its military strength and the implementation of a centralized government. The emperor of the Qin Empire, Qin Shi Huang, introduced conscription and organized a powerful army composed mainly of peasant foot soldiers. These soldiers were recruited from the lower classes and formed the backbone of the Qin military. Their large numbers and disciplined training allowed the Qin Empire to conquer and unify China, laying the foundation for the subsequent Han dynasty.

Explanation
The correct answer is Persian, Persia. The statement mentions that the army had professional soldiers associated with the common title known as Immortals. This suggests that the army being referred to is the Persian army, and the country they belong to is Persia. The term "Immortals" is often used to describe the elite soldiers of the Persian Empire, known for their skill and discipline.

Explanation
The correct answer is Han because the information provided about the empire matches the characteristics of the Han dynasty in ancient China. The Han dynasty had a central bureaucracy with three chancellors who were responsible for governing the empire. They also had nine secretaries of state who assisted in administrative tasks. Therefore, based on the given information, the empire being referred to is most likely the Han dynasty.