Physical Geography Quiz- Weather And Climate Test
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Which of the following typically occurs in the biosphere?
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Continuous circulation of hot and cold oceanic currents
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Regulation of the rate at which thermal energy leaves the planet
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The interaction of plants and animals within specific climate regions
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The recycling of the continental crust in subduction zones
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Curious about the natural features and processes that shape our planet? Take the Physical Geography Quiz to test your knowledge of Earth’s landscapes, climates, and ecosystems! This quiz is designed to cover key topics in physical geography, such as mountain ranges, river systems, deserts, oceans, and climate zones, along with the natural processes like plate tectonics, erosion, and weather patterns See morethat shape them.
This quiz provides a fun and challenging way to explore the Earth's physical characteristics. Answer multiple-choice questions, learn interesting facts, and see how much you really know about the planet's diverse and dynamic environments. Share the quiz with friends and compare your scores to see who is the ultimate geography expert!
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- 2.
The seasons are the results of the earth's
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Rotation on its axis and revolution around the sun
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Varying distance from the sun
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Revolution around the sun and inclination of its axis.
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Varying distance from the planets of the solar system.
Correct Answer
A. Revolution around the sun and inclination of its axis.Explanation
The seasons are caused by two factors: the earth's revolution around the sun and the inclination of its axis. The earth's revolution around the sun causes the changing position of the sun in the sky, which leads to variations in the amount of sunlight received in different parts of the earth throughout the year. The inclination of the earth's axis causes the tilt of the earth, which results in different angles of sunlight reaching different parts of the earth during different seasons. Together, these two factors determine the changing seasons.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Typical summer storms or showers in tropical and continental climates are a type of ________ precipitation.
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Orographic
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Convectional
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Cyclonic
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Frontal
Correct Answer
A. ConvectionalExplanation
Convectional precipitation refers to the type of precipitation that occurs due to the heating and cooling of air masses, typically during summer storms or showers in tropical and continental climates. As the air near the surface heats up, it becomes less dense and rises, creating an updraft. As the air rises, it cools and condenses, forming clouds and eventually leading to precipitation. This process is commonly observed in areas with high temperatures and abundant moisture, where the heating of the surface causes the air to rise and form convection currents. Therefore, convectional precipitation is the most suitable explanation for the given question.Rate this question:
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- 4.
If distances between high- and low- pressure zones are short, _______ are steep and ______ are great.
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Slopes, wind velocities
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Pressure gradients, wind velocities
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Lapse rates, convectional flows
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Slopes, mountain and valley breezes
Correct Answer
A. Pressure gradients, wind velocitiesExplanation
When the distances between high- and low-pressure zones are short, it indicates a significant difference in pressure over a small area. This steep pressure gradient creates strong pressure gradients, which in turn result in high wind velocities. Therefore, the correct answer is "pressure gradients, wind velocities."Rate this question:
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- 5.
Rainfall is caused by
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Increasing air temperature.
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Cooling of saturated air.
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Decreasing relative humidity.
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Location along a rainshadow.
Correct Answer
A. Cooling of saturated air.Explanation
Rainfall is caused by the cooling of saturated air. When warm air rises and cools, it reaches its dew point, causing the water vapor in the air to condense into water droplets. These droplets then form clouds, which can eventually lead to rainfall. Saturation occurs when the air is holding as much moisture as it can at a given temperature. As the air cools, it becomes unable to hold all the moisture, leading to the release of water in the form of precipitation. Therefore, the cooling of saturated air is the correct explanation for the cause of rainfall.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Energy from the sun is transformed into heat,
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Primarily at the earth's surface and secondarily in the atmosphere.
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By the way of solar radiation, or insolation.
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Through the collection of solar energy.
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By means of the circumpolar vortex.
Correct Answer
A. Primarily at the earth's surface and secondarily in the atmosphere.Explanation
The correct answer is primarily at the earth's surface and secondarily in the atmosphere because solar radiation from the sun reaches the earth's surface and is absorbed, causing it to heat up. This heat is then transferred to the atmosphere through convection, where it contributes to the overall temperature of the atmosphere.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following climatic phenomena is responsible for keeping northern Europe and the northwest coast of Russia warmer than it would otherwise be?
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North Atlantic Drift
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El Nino
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La Nina
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Monsoon
Correct Answer
A. North Atlantic DriftExplanation
The North Atlantic Drift is responsible for keeping northern Europe and the northwest coast of Russia warmer than it would otherwise be. The North Atlantic Drift is a warm ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows towards Europe. It brings warm water and air from the tropics to the northern regions, moderating their climate and preventing extreme cold temperatures. This current is a part of the larger Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) system, which plays a crucial role in regulating global climate patterns.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The term insolation refers to
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The rate of pressure change.
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Solar energy received by the earth.
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Distribution of temperature over land and water.
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Evaporation from both water surfaces and plants.
Correct Answer
A. Solar energy received by the earth.Explanation
Insolation refers to the amount of solar energy received by the Earth. It represents the incoming solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface and is an important factor in determining climate and weather patterns. Insolation is influenced by various factors such as the angle of the sun's rays, atmospheric conditions, and the Earth's rotation. It plays a crucial role in driving processes like evaporation, photosynthesis, and temperature regulation on our planet.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The windward side of hills and mountains generally receives more precipitation than the leeward side.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The windward side of hills and mountains typically receives more precipitation because as the prevailing winds approach the windward side, they are forced to rise due to the topography. As the air rises, it cools and condenses, leading to the formation of clouds and precipitation. On the other hand, the leeward side is sheltered from the prevailing winds and experiences a rain shadow effect, resulting in drier conditions and less precipitation.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The Coriolis effect means that wind appears to veer toward the
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Right in the Southern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Right in both Southern and Northern Hemispheres.
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Left in the Southern Hemisphere and towards the right in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Left in the Southern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Northern Hemisphere.
Correct Answer
A. Left in the Southern Hemisphere and towards the right in the Northern Hemisphere.Explanation
The Coriolis effect is a phenomenon that is caused by the rotation of the Earth. As the Earth rotates, objects (including air molecules) that are moving across its surface appear to be deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This is due to the fact that the Earth's rotation causes a greater velocity at the equator compared to the poles. Therefore, in the Southern Hemisphere, wind appears to veer to the left, while in the Northern Hemisphere, it appears to veer to the right.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Warm air rises and tends to move away from the
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Equatorial low-pressure belt.
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Subtropical high-pressure belt.
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Northeast trades.
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Westerlies.
Correct Answer
A. Equatorial low-pressure belt.Explanation
The equatorial low-pressure belt is characterized by warm air rising due to the intense heating of the Earth's surface near the equator. As the air rises, it creates a low-pressure area. This rising warm air tends to move away from the equatorial low-pressure belt, creating atmospheric circulation patterns known as trade winds. These trade winds blow from the subtropical high-pressure belt towards the equatorial low-pressure belt, completing the global circulation of air. Therefore, the correct answer is the equatorial low-pressure belt.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Coastal deserts of the world usually border
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Convectional offshore precipitation.
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Warm ocean currents.
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Cold ocean currents.
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Orographic offshore precipitation.
Correct Answer
A. Cold ocean currents.Explanation
Coastal deserts of the world usually border cold ocean currents. Cold ocean currents are characterized by low temperatures and carry cold water from higher latitudes towards the equator. As these currents flow along the coast, they cool down the adjacent air, leading to a decrease in humidity and precipitation. This results in arid conditions and the formation of coastal deserts.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The elements that make up weather include
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Temperature, precipitation, and vegetation.
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Precipitation, wind, and temperature.
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Temperature, wind, and soils.
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Climate, moisture, and solar energy.
Correct Answer
A. Precipitation, wind, and temperature.Explanation
The correct answer is precipitation, wind, and temperature. These three elements are key components of weather. Precipitation refers to any form of water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface, such as rain, snow, or hail. Wind is the movement of air caused by differences in atmospheric pressure, and it plays a crucial role in weather patterns. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules in the atmosphere and affects weather conditions.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The natural vegetation characteristic of areas that have warm temperatures and heavy rainfall evenly throughout the year is
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Deciduous forest.
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Coniferous forest.
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Tropical rain forest.
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Steppe.
Correct Answer
A. Tropical rain forest.Explanation
Areas that have warm temperatures and heavy rainfall throughout the year are typically found in tropical regions. These regions experience high levels of precipitation and consistent warmth, which creates ideal conditions for the growth of lush and diverse vegetation. Tropical rainforests are known for their dense canopies, tall trees, and a wide variety of plant and animal species. Therefore, the correct answer is tropical rainforest.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The leading edge of a continental polar air mass is called
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The southern oscillation.
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A front.
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The windward side.
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A pressure gradient.
Correct Answer
A. A front.Explanation
The leading edge of a continental polar air mass is called a front. A front is the boundary between two different air masses, and in this case, it refers to the boundary between the continental polar air mass and the air mass it is displacing. This front is typically associated with changes in weather conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and wind direction.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Relative humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the amount required for condensation to begin at a given temperature.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Relative humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor present in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor that can be held at a specific temperature. When the relative humidity reaches 100%, the air is saturated and condensation begins to occur. Therefore, the statement that relative humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the amount required for condensation to begin at a given temperature is true.Rate this question:
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- 17.
A pressure gradient force causes winds to flow from
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Low pressure areas to high pressure areas.
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High pressure areas to low pressure areas.
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Areas having equal pressure.
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Area lacking pressure differences.
Correct Answer
A. High pressure areas to low pressure areas.Explanation
A pressure gradient force causes winds to flow from high pressure areas to low pressure areas. This occurs because air moves from regions of higher atmospheric pressure to regions of lower atmospheric pressure in an attempt to balance the pressure differences. This flow of air results in wind, with the strength of the wind determined by the magnitude of the pressure gradient. The greater the difference in pressure, the stronger the wind will be.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The lowest layer of the earth's atmosphere is called the
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Asthenosphere.
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Troposphere.
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Solstice.
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Equinox.
Correct Answer
A. Troposphere.Explanation
The lowest layer of the earth's atmosphere is called the troposphere. This layer is closest to the earth's surface and extends up to about 10-15 kilometers. It is where weather phenomena occur, such as clouds, precipitation, and most of the earth's oxygen. The troposphere is characterized by decreasing temperature with increasing altitude, and it is where most of the earth's weather and climate take place. The asthenosphere is a layer in the earth's upper mantle, while solstice and equinox refer to astronomical events related to the earth's tilt and orbit.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The type of cloud from which heavy rain falls is
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Cirrus.
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Cirrostratus.
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Stratus.
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Cumulonimbus.
Correct Answer
A. Cumulonimbus.Explanation
Cumulonimbus clouds are known as the type of cloud from which heavy rain falls. These clouds are tall and dense, extending vertically in the atmosphere. They are associated with thunderstorms and can produce heavy precipitation, including rain, hail, and even tornadoes. Cumulonimbus clouds have a distinctive anvil shape at the top, indicating their potential for severe weather.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Movement of ocean water (currents) is NOT caused by
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Condensation nuclei.
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Differences in water density.
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Wind patterns.
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The pressure gradient force.
Correct Answer
A. Condensation nuclei.Explanation
Ocean currents are the continuous, directed movement of ocean water caused by various factors. Wind patterns play a significant role in the formation and direction of ocean currents. Differences in water density, due to variations in temperature and salinity, also contribute to the movement of ocean water. Additionally, the pressure gradient force, which is the force exerted by differences in atmospheric pressure, influences the direction and speed of ocean currents. However, condensation nuclei, which are tiny particles in the atmosphere that water vapor condenses onto to form clouds, do not directly cause the movement of ocean currents.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The earth's atmosphere is heated primarily by the process of
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Direct solar radiation.
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Reradiation from the earth.
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Absorption from the earth.
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Latent heat of condensation.
Correct Answer
A. Reradiation from the earth.Explanation
The correct answer is reradiation from the earth. This is because when the sun's rays reach the Earth's surface, they heat it up. The Earth then radiates this heat back into the atmosphere in the form of infrared radiation. This process is known as reradiation or terrestrial radiation. The atmosphere absorbs some of this radiation, which helps to heat it up. Without this reradiation, the Earth's atmosphere would not be heated effectively.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Proceeding from the equator toward the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere summer, the
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Hours of darkness increase.
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Days become longer.
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Hours of daylight become fewer.
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Hours of daylight become greater.
Correct Answer
A. Hours of daylight become greater.Explanation
As one moves from the equator towards the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere summer, the hours of daylight become greater. This is because the tilt of the Earth's axis causes the sun to be higher in the sky, resulting in longer days and shorter nights. This phenomenon is more pronounced as one moves towards the poles, leading to an increase in the hours of daylight.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The Fujita scale is used to measure the strength of
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Tornadoes.
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Hurricanes.
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Blizzards.
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Tsunami.
Correct Answer
A. Tornadoes.Explanation
The Fujita scale is a measurement system used to determine the intensity of tornadoes based on the damage they cause. It categorizes tornadoes into six different levels, ranging from F0 (weakest) to F5 (strongest), by assessing the destruction of buildings, vegetation, and other structures. This scale is specifically designed for tornadoes and helps meteorologists and emergency management officials understand the severity of a tornado and its potential impact on affected areas. Therefore, the correct answer is tornadoes.Rate this question:
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- 24.
What type of precipitation is caused by air being heated at the surface of the earth?
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Convectional
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Conductional
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Orographic
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Cyclonic
Correct Answer
A. ConvectionalExplanation
Convectional precipitation is caused by the heating of air at the surface of the earth. As the air heats up, it becomes less dense and rises, creating an updraft. As the air rises, it cools and condenses, forming clouds and eventually precipitation. This type of precipitation is commonly associated with thunderstorms and is often localized, occurring in specific areas where the air is being heated rapidly.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The intensity and duration of radiation that various places on the earth receive from the sun depend mainly on
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Weather conditions.
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The angle at which the sun's rays strike the earth.
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Earth rotation.
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The earth surface material.
Correct Answer
A. The angle at which the sun's rays strike the earth.Explanation
The intensity and duration of radiation that various places on the earth receive from the sun depend mainly on the angle at which the sun's rays strike the earth. This is because the angle of the sun's rays affects the amount of energy that is received per unit area. When the sun's rays strike the earth at a higher angle, the energy is concentrated over a smaller area, resulting in higher intensity radiation. Conversely, when the sun's rays strike the earth at a lower angle, the energy is spread out over a larger area, resulting in lower intensity radiation. The duration of radiation also depends on the angle, as the sun's rays are more direct and concentrated when the angle is higher, leading to longer periods of exposure.Rate this question:
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- 26.
When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
This statement is true because of the tilt of the Earth's axis. During winter in the Northern Hemisphere, the North Pole is tilted away from the sun, causing less direct sunlight and colder temperatures. At the same time, the South Pole is tilted towards the sun, resulting in more direct sunlight and warmer temperatures, which is summer in the Southern Hemisphere. This phenomenon is due to the Earth's axial tilt and its orbit around the sun.Rate this question:
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- 27.
If the earth was not tilted from the perpendicular, then solar energy received at a given latitude would not vary during the course of the year.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because the tilt of the Earth's axis is what causes the variation in solar energy received at different latitudes throughout the year. If the Earth was not tilted, the angle at which the sun's rays hit the Earth would be constant, resulting in a consistent amount of solar energy received at any given latitude. However, because of the tilt, the angle changes as the Earth orbits the sun, leading to the seasons and variations in solar energy.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The temperature at any given location is NOT dependent on the
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Amount of water vapor in the air.
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Degree of cloud cover.
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Nature of the surface of the earth.
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Coriolis effect.
Correct Answer
A. Coriolis effect.Explanation
The temperature at any given location is not dependent on the Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect is the deflection of moving objects caused by the rotation of the Earth. It primarily affects the direction of moving objects, such as wind and ocean currents, but it does not directly influence temperature. Temperature is influenced by factors such as solar radiation, altitude, air pressure, and the presence of water vapor in the air.Rate this question:
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- 29.
El Nino is
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The buildup of warm water along the east coast of South America.
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The Spanish name for little hurricane.
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Related to the southern oscillation.
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A 17-year cycle of change in the water temperature in the South Pacific.
Correct Answer
A. The Spanish name for little hurricane.Explanation
El Niño is a climate phenomenon characterized by the warming of ocean surface waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, which is closely related to the Southern Oscillation, a fluctuation in atmospheric pressure over the Pacific Ocean. Together, these changes are referred to as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This phenomenon can significantly impact global weather patterns, leading to unusual weather conditions like droughts, heavy rainfall, and temperature changes around the world.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Valley breezes usually occur at night, and mountain breezes usually occur in the day.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Valley breezes and mountain breezes occur at opposite times of the day. Valley breezes are typically observed during the day when the sun heats up the valley floor, causing the air to rise and creating a breeze that moves up the valley slopes. On the other hand, mountain breezes occur at night when the mountain slopes cool down faster than the valley floor, causing the air to descend and creating a breeze that moves down the mountain slopes. Therefore, the statement that valley breezes occur at night and mountain breezes occur in the day is false.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Temperature inversion never affects air pollution.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Temperature inversion can actually worsen air pollution. In a temperature inversion, warm air is trapped above a layer of cool air near the surface. This prevents the vertical mixing of pollutants, leading to their accumulation at ground level. As a result, air pollution levels can increase significantly during temperature inversions. Therefore, the statement that temperature inversion never affects air pollution is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Spring and autumn equinoxes occur on __________________ respectively.
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April 31 and June 21
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June 21 and December 21
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March 21 and September 21
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April 21 and June 21
Correct Answer
A. March 21 and September 21Explanation
The spring and autumn equinoxes occur on March 21 and September 21 respectively. During the equinoxes, the Earth's axis is not tilted towards or away from the Sun, resulting in equal lengths of day and night all over the world. March 21 marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, while September 21 marks the beginning of autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of spring in the Southern Hemisphere.Rate this question:
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- 33.
A temperature inversion occurs when
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There is a sudden drop in temperature.
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The normal duirnal cycle of cool mornings and warm afternoons is reversed.
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Air at lower altitudes is cooler than air aloft.
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Smog increases to dangerous levels.
Correct Answer
A. Air at lower altitudes is cooler than air aloft.Explanation
A temperature inversion occurs when air at lower altitudes is cooler than air aloft. This is opposite to the normal vertical temperature gradient, where temperature usually decreases with increasing altitude. In a temperature inversion, a layer of cool air becomes trapped beneath a layer of warmer air, preventing vertical mixing of the atmosphere. This can lead to the formation of fog, smog, or other pollutants being trapped near the surface, as well as affecting weather patterns and air quality.Rate this question:
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- 34.
What is the term for the boundary between two air masses with different temperatures and humidity levels?
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Atmosphere
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Front
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Tornado
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Thermosphere
Correct Answer
A. FrontExplanation
In physical geography and meteorology, a "front" is the boundary between two air masses with distinct temperature and humidity characteristics. When these air masses meet, it can lead to weather changes and phenomena like rain, snow, or thunderstorms, making fronts a crucial concept in understanding weather and climate.Rate this question:
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- 35.
In comparison with coastal areas, regions located great distances from the sea tend to have
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Lower summer temperatures and higher winter temperatures.
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Higher summer temperatures and higher winter temperatures.
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Lower summer temperatures and lower winter temperatures.
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Higher summer temperatures and lower winter temperatures.
Correct Answer
A. Higher summer temperatures and lower winter temperatures.Explanation
Regions located great distances from the sea tend to have higher summer temperatures because they are not influenced by the cooling effect of the ocean. Without the moderating influence of the sea, these regions experience hotter summers. On the other hand, they have lower winter temperatures because they are not protected by the ocean's warmth. The absence of the ocean's heat retention leads to colder winters in these inland areas.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The type of precipitation that is associated with hills and mountains is called
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Convectional.
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Orographic.
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Frontal.
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Cyclonic.
Correct Answer
A. Orographic.Explanation
Orographic precipitation occurs when moist air is forced to rise over hills or mountains. As the air rises, it cools and condenses, leading to the formation of clouds and precipitation. This type of precipitation is commonly seen on the windward side of mountains, where the air is forced to rise, and results in higher precipitation amounts compared to the leeward side. Convectional precipitation is caused by the heating of the Earth's surface, frontal precipitation occurs when two air masses of different temperatures meet, and cyclonic precipitation is associated with low-pressure systems. However, in this context, the correct answer is orographic precipitation because it specifically refers to precipitation associated with hills and mountains.Rate this question:
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- 37.
When land is warmer than water, the land
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Reradiates its energy faster than does water.
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Reradiates its energy slower than does water.
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Reflects its energy faster than does water.
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Reflects it energy slower than does water.
Correct Answer
A. Reradiates its energy faster than does water.Explanation
When land is warmer than water, it reradiates its energy faster than water because land has a lower specific heat capacity compared to water. This means that land can absorb and release heat more quickly than water. As a result, the land loses heat more rapidly through radiation, while water retains heat for a longer period of time.Rate this question:
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- 38.
A typhoon and a hurricane are essentially the same phenomenon.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
A typhoon and a hurricane are essentially the same phenomenon because both are tropical cyclones, which are large-scale weather systems characterized by low-pressure centers and strong winds. The only difference between the two is the location where they occur. Typhoons are tropical cyclones that form in the western Pacific Ocean, while hurricanes form in the Atlantic Ocean and eastern Pacific Ocean. Otherwise, they have similar characteristics and are both capable of causing significant damage and destruction.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Precipitation is least reliable in
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Steppes.
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Deserts.
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Rain forests.
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Savannas.
Correct Answer
A. Deserts.Explanation
Deserts have the least reliable precipitation because they are characterized by extremely dry conditions and low humidity. These regions receive very little rainfall, often less than 250 millimeters per year, and can even go for years without any precipitation at all. The arid climate, high temperatures, and lack of vegetation in deserts contribute to the minimal amount of rainfall. In contrast, steppes, rain forests, and savannas receive more reliable precipitation due to their specific climatic conditions and vegetation cover.Rate this question:
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- 40.
When neither the Northern nor the Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, the sun's vertical rays are felt at
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23.5° north and south latitude.
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The equator.
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67.5° north and south latitude.
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The summer solstice.
Correct Answer
A. The equator.Explanation
When neither the Northern nor the Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, it means that the Earth is in a position where its axis is not inclined with respect to the sun's rays. In this position, the sun's vertical rays are felt at the equator. The equator is the line of latitude that is equidistant from the North and South Poles, and it experiences the most direct sunlight when the Earth is not tilted. This is because the equator is situated in the middle of the Earth's surface, making it the closest point to the sun's rays when the axis is not tilted.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The earth's axis is tilted about ________ away from the perpendicular.
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67.5°
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45°
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7.5°
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23.5°
Correct Answer
A. 23.5°Explanation
The Earth's axis is tilted about 23.5° away from the perpendicular to its orbital plane. This tilt, known as the axial tilt or obliquity, is responsible for the changing seasons as the Earth orbits the Sun, affecting the angle and intensity of sunlight reaching different parts of the Earth throughout the year.Rate this question:
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