Phchem 4 Final Exam Mw 4-5:30pm

1. Less incidences of side effects occur when

The pharmacophore is more specific or selective.

There is modification of chemical group responsible for interactions with unwanted receptors.

Specificity of the drug is improved

All of the answers

2. Loratadine is an example of a second-generation antihistamine

True

False

3. Adding two carbons between amine and phenyl to have the best sympathetic agonistic activity Identify where the substitution takes place

3rd Carbon

4th Carbon

5th Carbon

Beta Carbon

Alpha Carbon

Ethyl Bridge

Amine

4. It significantly the mu receptor affinity and CNS distribution

Phenethyl group in the R1

Lengthening R1 attachment from the nitrogen atom

5. Ethanolamine series structure possesses additional antimuscarinic activity.

True

False

6. Adding small molecules to make the drug more MAO resistant thus increasing duration of action of pharmacological activity. Identify where the substitution takes place.

3rd Carbon

4th Carbon

5th Carbon

Beta Carbon

Alpha Carbon

Ethyl Bridge

Amine

7. Phenothiazine derivatives are First Generation Antihistamines

True

False

8. The spacer is an Oxygen atom in the ethylenediamine series

True

False

9. It studies the association between the 3D structure of a molecule with its biological, pharmacological, and chemical activity on the receptors.

Pharmacology

Medicinal Chemistry

Structure-activity Relationship

Organic Medicinals

10. When the alkyl group in the two carbon of the spacer has higher size, it increases anticholinergic effect

True

False

11. The parent molecule of NE and Epinephrine has a phenyl molecule at one pole which is linked with an amine group at the other end by a two carbon chain which is called _____

Methyl bridge

Ethylamine linkage

Carbon chain

Ethyl bridge

12. In the parent molecular of NE and Epinephrine, the carbon atom which is near to an amine end is termed______.

B-carbon

Gamma carbon

Alpha carbon

None of the answers

13. Adding a hydroxyl group making the drug act as a direct sympathomimetic. Identify where the substitution takes place.

3rd Carbon

4th Carbon

5th Carbon

Beta Carbon

Alpha Carbon

Ethyl Bridge

Amine

14. Adding a hydroxyl group which makes the drug more polar thus having poor CNS action Identify where the substitution takes place.

3rd Carbon

4th Carbon

5th Carbon

Beta Carbon

Alpha Carbon

Ethyl Bridge

Amine

15. Adding a tertiary butyl group to make the drug more selective to beta 2 receptors Identify where the substitution takes place.

3rd Carbon

4th Carbon

5th Carbon

Beta Carbon

Alpha Carbon

Ethyl Bridge

Amine

16. Lengthening with introduction of new groups converting the drug into antagonists. Identify where the substitution takes place.

3rd Carbon

4th Carbon

5th Carbon

Beta Carbon

Alpha Carbon

Ethyl Bridge

Amine

17. When the spacer is Carbon itself then the compound is called alkylamines

True

False

18. Adding a hydroxyl group which is essential for alpha agonistic action. Identify where the substitution takes place.

3rd Carbon

4th Carbon

5th Carbon

Beta Carbon

Alpha Carbon

Ethyl Bridge

Amine

19. Adding a bulkier group would increase beta agonistic action. Identify where the substitution takes place

3rd Carbon

4th Carbon

5th Carbon

Beta Carbon

Alpha Carbon

Ethyl Bridge

Amine

20. Mast cell degranulation and results in Allergy

–OH at C-6

Keto group at C-6

21. It permits the binding of molecule to the aspartate residue in the opioid receptor

Protonated nitrogen in cationic conjugate

Phenethyl group in the R1

22. Production of a potent levorotatory diastereoisomer Identify where the substitution takes place.

3rd Carbon

4th Carbon

5th Carbon

Beta Carbon

Alpha Carbon

Ethyl Bridge

Amine

23. Adding an aryl group which increases its lipophilic nature and can cross the blood brain barrier. Identify where the substitution takes place.

3rd Carbon

4th Carbon

5th Carbon

Beta Carbon

Alpha Carbon

Ethyl Bridge

Amine

24. When two aromatic groups present in the antihistamines are connected to each other with heteroatoms like N or S then the compound is called Tricyclic antihistamines

True

False

25. Addition of bulker and short-chain molecules to the alkyl group in the tertiary amine produces antihistamines with less lipophilicity and less blood brain barrier entry called second-generation antihistamines

True

False

26. Which statement is TRUE about the parent molecule for steroids? (you can tick more than once)

It is a 17 carbon structure arranged in four fused rings

First three rings are 5-member cyclopentanes

The fourth ring is a cyclohexane.

AKA cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene

Submit

27. Pure mu receptor antagonism

Adding OH group C-14 and cyclopropane in the R1

R1 substitution is cyclobutylmethyl group

Option 3

Option 4

28. Very low bioavailability

–OH at C-3

–OH at C-14

Option 3

Option 4

29. Provides significant resistance to metabolism with high bioavailability

RCOOR at C-3

OH at C-14

Option 3

Option 4

30. Adding CH₃CH₂ which increases the drug to be more selective to beta receptors. Identify where the substitution takes place.

3rd Carbon

4th Carbon

5th Carbon

Beta Carbon

Alpha Carbon

Ethyl Bridge

Amine

31. The parent molecule of Catecholamines

Norepinephrine

Adrenaline

B-phenylalalnine

B-phenylethylamine

32. Mu receptor antagonism is retained but the molecule gains additional Kappa receptor agonism.

R1 substitution is cyclobutylmethyl group

Phenol group at C-3

Option 3

Option 4

33. Essential criterion for mu and kappa receptor binding

Phenol group at C-3

Mu and Kappa receptor binding

Option 3

Option 4

34. What are the targets for structural alterations for the parent molecule of catecholamines?

Amino Group, ethyl bridge, benzene ring

Hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon chain, aromatic ring

Benzene ring, alpha and beta carbon in ethyl bridge, amino group and separation of ethyl bridge

None of the answers

35. Increase CNS penetration and agonism at mu and kappa receptor but decrease antitussive activity

–OH at C-14

OH at C-6

Option 3

Option 4

36. It is required for the binding capacity to the opioid receptor.

Protonated amino nitrogen

Protonated nitrogen in cationic conjugate

37. Antagonism of mu receptor

Lengthening R1 attachment from the nitrogen atom

Adding OH group C-14 and cyclopropane in the R1

38. Producing a potent dextrorotatory diastereoisomer. Identify where the substitution takes place.

3rd Carbon

4th Carbon

5th Carbon

Beta Carbon

Alpha Carbon

Ethyl Bridge

Amine

39. In the case of the ethanolamine series, the spacer will be carbon atom linked to the nitrogen molecule and then to the tertiary amine

True

False

40. When the alkyl group substituted in the 2 carbon of the spacer has shorter size, then the antihistaminic activity has decreased dramatically

True

False

41. Class of Antihistamine does the drug belong

Ethanolamine

Piperazine derivatives

Ethylene diamine derivatives

Propylamines

Phenothiazine derivatives

42. Becomes significantly metabolized and inactivated by glucuronic conjugation in GIT

–OH at C-3

RCOOR at C-3

Option 3

Option 4

43. Which one do you like?

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

44. Piperazine derivatives are First Generation Antihistamines

True

False

45. Effect of adding methoxy-esters at C-3.

Mu and Kappa receptor binding

–OH at C-3

Option 3

Option 4

46. Class of Antihistamine does this drug belong to:

Ethanolamine

Piperazine derivatives

Ethylene diamine derivatives

Propylamines

Phenothiazine derivatives

47. Alkylamines possess long duration of action with low CNS penetration

True

False

48. The following are improvement of pharmacokinetic properties except: (you can tick more than once)

Ease of administration

Long duration of action

Shorter half-life

Better tolerability for patient with hepatic conditions

Better tolerability for patients with renal impairment

Submit

49. Which statement is TRUE about the structure of Corticosteroids? (you can tick more than once)

It has 2 methyl groups.

It is a 21 carbon skeletal structure.

It has a hydroxymethyl group on the 21st carbon

It only has 1 ketone group.

One of the methyl groups is attached on the 13th carbon.

Submit

50. Adding a methyl group to increase alpha selectivity Identify where the substitution takes place.

3rd Carbon

4th Carbon

5th Carbon

Beta Carbon

Alpha Carbon

Ethyl Bridge

Amine

Phchem 4 Final Exam Mw 4-5:30pm

1. Less incidences of side effects occur when

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Loratadine is an example of a second-generation antihistamine

3. Adding two carbons between amine and phenyl to have the best sympathetic agonistic activity Identify where the substitution takes place

4. It significantly the mu receptor affinity and CNS distribution

5. Ethanolamine series structure possesses additional antimuscarinic activity.

6. Adding small molecules to make the drug more MAO resistant thus increasing duration of action of pharmacological activity. Identify where the substitution takes place.

7. Phenothiazine derivatives are First Generation Antihistamines

8. The spacer is an Oxygen atom in the ethylenediamine series

9. It studies the association between the 3D structure of a molecule with its biological, pharmacological, and chemical activity on the receptors.

10. When the alkyl group in the two carbon of the spacer has higher size, it increases anticholinergic effect

11. The parent molecule of NE and Epinephrine has a phenyl molecule at one pole which is linked with an amine group at the other end by a two carbon chain which is called _____

12. In the parent molecular of NE and Epinephrine, the carbon atom which is near to an amine end is termed______.

13. Adding a hydroxyl group making the drug act as a direct sympathomimetic. Identify where the substitution takes place.

14. Adding a hydroxyl group which makes the drug more polar thus having poor CNS action Identify where the substitution takes place.

15. Adding a tertiary butyl group to make the drug more selective to beta 2 receptors Identify where the substitution takes place.

16. Lengthening with introduction of new groups converting the drug into antagonists. Identify where the substitution takes place.

17. When the spacer is Carbon itself then the compound is called alkylamines

18. Adding a hydroxyl group which is essential for alpha agonistic action. Identify where the substitution takes place.

19. Adding a bulkier group would increase beta agonistic action. Identify where the substitution takes place

20. Mast cell degranulation and results in Allergy

21. It permits the binding of molecule to the aspartate residue in the opioid receptor

22. Production of a potent levorotatory diastereoisomer Identify where the substitution takes place.

23. Adding an aryl group which increases its lipophilic nature and can cross the blood brain barrier. Identify where the substitution takes place.

24. When two aromatic groups present in the antihistamines are connected to each other with heteroatoms like N or S then the compound is called Tricyclic antihistamines

25. Addition of bulker and short-chain molecules to the alkyl group in the tertiary amine produces antihistamines with less lipophilicity and less blood brain barrier entry called second-generation antihistamines

26. Which statement is TRUE about the parent molecule for steroids? (you can tick more than once)

27. Pure mu receptor antagonism

28. Very low bioavailability

29. Provides significant resistance to metabolism with high bioavailability

30. Adding CH3CH2 which increases the drug to be more selective to beta receptors. Identify where the substitution takes place.

31. The parent molecule of Catecholamines

32. Mu receptor antagonism is retained but the molecule gains additional Kappa receptor agonism.

33. Essential criterion for mu and kappa receptor binding

34. What are the targets for structural alterations for the parent molecule of catecholamines?

35. Increase CNS penetration and agonism at mu and kappa receptor but decrease antitussive activity

36. It is required for the binding capacity to the opioid receptor.

37. Antagonism of mu receptor

38. Producing a potent dextrorotatory diastereoisomer. Identify where the substitution takes place.

39. In the case of the ethanolamine series, the spacer will be carbon atom linked to the nitrogen molecule and then to the tertiary amine

40. When the alkyl group substituted in the 2 carbon of the spacer has shorter size, then the antihistaminic activity has decreased dramatically

41. Class of Antihistamine does the drug belong

42. Becomes significantly metabolized and inactivated by glucuronic conjugation in GIT

43. Which one do you like?

44. Piperazine derivatives are First Generation Antihistamines

45. Effect of adding methoxy-esters at C-3.

46. Class of Antihistamine does this drug belong to:

47. Alkylamines possess long duration of action with low CNS penetration

48. The following are improvement of pharmacokinetic properties except: (you can tick more than once)

49. Which statement is TRUE about the structure of Corticosteroids? (you can tick more than once)

50. Adding a methyl group to increase alpha selectivity Identify where the substitution takes place.

30. Adding CH₃CH₂ which increases the drug to be more selective to beta receptors. Identify where the substitution takes place.