How Much You Know About Pharyngitis? Quiz

Explanation
The stylopharyngeus muscle is innervated by CN IX, also known as the glossopharyngeal nerve. This nerve is responsible for providing motor innervation to the stylopharyngeus muscle, which helps in the process of swallowing and elevating the pharynx during swallowing. CN V, also known as the trigeminal nerve, is responsible for sensory innervation of the face and motor innervation of the muscles of mastication. CN VII, also known as the facial nerve, is responsible for motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression. CN X, also known as the vagus nerve, is responsible for motor innervation of the muscles of the pharynx and larynx.

Explanation
Infants are less likely to develop streptococcal pharyngitis because they receive passive immunity from their mother through the transfer of IgG antibodies. These antibodies provide protection against the streptococcal bacteria, reducing the risk of infection. As infants have not yet developed their own immune system and their flora is not fully established, the transfer of maternal antibodies helps to protect them from various infections, including streptococcal pharyngitis.

Explanation
Grisel Syndrome is a rare condition characterized by atlantoaxial subluxation, which is the displacement of the first and second cervical vertebrae. This condition typically occurs following an infection or inflammation in the upper respiratory tract, leading to ligament laxity and instability in the neck. As a result, the atlantoaxial joint becomes misaligned, causing subluxation. This can lead to compression of the spinal cord and neurological symptoms. Therefore, the correct answer is AA subluxation.

Explanation
The presence of severe throat pain and grey-black pseudo-membranous pharyngitis suggests a case of diphtheria, which is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. C. diphtheriae is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium, hence the correct answer is Gram positive rods.

Explanation
Oral codeine is the best choice for the paroxysmal stage of pertussis because it helps to suppress coughing and provide relief from symptoms. Codeine is an opioid that acts on the cough center in the brain, reducing the frequency and intensity of coughing spells. It is effective in controlling the severe coughing fits that are characteristic of the paroxysmal stage of pertussis. Other options like cephalosporin, penicillin derivatives, and macrolides may be used in other stages of pertussis or for treating the underlying bacterial infection, but they do not directly address the coughing symptoms.

Explanation
A 3 to 5 mm Mitsuda reaction is associated with an Intermediate reaction. This means that there is a moderate immune response to the tuberculoid leprosy bacteria.

Explanation
SJS, or Stevens-Johnson syndrome, is a severe and potentially life-threatening skin condition. It is commonly associated with certain medications, including sulfonamide antibiotics, anti-convulsants, and barbiturates. However, antivirals are not typically associated with SJS. Therefore, the correct answer is antivirals.

Explanation
The Nikolsky sign is a clinical sign characterized by the detachment of the epidermis upon gentle pressure on the skin. It is most commonly associated with certain blistering skin diseases, such as pemphigus vulgaris and toxic epidermal necrolysis. While it can occur on mucosal surfaces, it is actually more frequently seen on the skin. Therefore, the statement that the Nikolsky sign is most often seen on mucosal surfaces is false.

Explanation
Mono-spot, also known as the Monospot test, is a diagnostic test used to detect the presence of antibodies that are produced in response to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which causes mononucleosis. This test becomes effective at the age of 10 because it is during this age that most children have been exposed to EBV and have developed antibodies against it. Therefore, the test is more likely to accurately detect the presence of the virus in individuals above the age of 10.