Pharmaceuticals Used In The Treatment Of Hypertension

27 Questions | By Wleogrande | Last updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Total Attempts: 243

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Pharmaceuticals Used in the Treatment of Hypertension Quiz

Questions and Answers

1.

The client receives hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL). He tells the nurse he is urinating a lot and questions how this drug affects his blood pressure. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A.
  
  “Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) dilates your blood vessels so you urinate more and your blood pressure decreases.”
- B.
  
  “Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) decreases the fluid in your bloodstream and this lowers your blood pressure.”
- C.
  
  “Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) enhances kidney function causing you to urinate more and that decreases your blood pressure.”
- D.
  
  “Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) increases your heart rate; this pumps blood faster to your kidneys so you urinate more and your blood pressure decreases.”
2.

The calcium channel blocker nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat) lower blood pressure by:
- A.
  
  Reducing blood volume.
- B.
  
  Reducing total peripheral resistance.
- C.
  
  Reducing cardiac output.
- D.
  
  Causing reflex tachycardia.
3.

Which antihypertensive drug is correctly matched with its pharmacological mechanism of action?
- A.
  
  Minoxidil (Loniten)—angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
- B.
  
  Verapamil (Calan)—direct-acting vasodilator
- C.
  
  Metoprolol (Toprol, Lopressor)—alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker
- D.
  
  Triamterene (Dyrenium)—potassium-sparing diuretic
4.

Direct-acting vasodilators such as hydralazine (Apresoline) can produce reflex tachycardia that can be blocked by:
- A.
  
  Furosemide (Lasix)
- B.
  
  Propranolol (Inderal)
- C.
  
  Doxazosin (Cardura)
- D.
  
  Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURUL)
5.

Which of the following produces a fall in blood pressure?
- A.
  
  Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system
- B.
  
  Blockade of alpha adrenergic receptors
- C.
  
  Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
- D.
  
  Stimulation of sodium reabsorption by the kidney
6.

Which of the following adrenergic blockers is correctly paired with its pharmacological mechanism?
- A.
  
  Propranolol (Inderal)—selectively blocks beta1-adrenergic receptors
- B.
  
  Doxazosin (Cardura)—blocks alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the brainstem
- C.
  
  Methyldopa (Aldomet)—metabolized to a false neurotransimitter in the brainstem
- D.
  
  Clonidine (Catapres)—blocks alpha1-adrenergic receptors on blood vessels
7.

An 80 year-old male with newly diagnosed primary hypertension has just been started on a beta-blocker. In addition to teaching him about this medication—such as side effects, purpose, and schedule—the nurse should also focus her teaching on:
- A.
  
  Maintaining a diet high in dairy to increase protein necessary to prevent organ damage.
- B.
  
  Use of supportive devices such as handrails and walkers to prevent falls stemming from postural hypotension.
- C.
  
  Avoiding exercise to prevent injury from postural hypotension.
- D.
  
  Increasing fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
8.

The nursing care plan for a patient taking diuretics mentions observing the patient for dehydration. Which of the following are symptoms of dehydration. Select all that apply.
- A.
  
  Dry mouth
- B.
  
  Slow heart rate
- C.
  
  Thirst
- D.
  
  Hypotension
9.

A patient’s usual blood pressure while taking diltiazem (Cardizem), a calcium channel blocker, is 140/80. However, this morning, the patient’s blood pressure is 88/50. The nurse’s next action should be to:
- A.
  
  Administer one-half the prescribed dose.
- B.
  
  Withhold the dose and contact the physician.
- C.
  
  Administer the dose as directed.
- D.
  
  Administer an extra dose of the medication.
10.

Which two drug classes are recommended for patients with hypertension who also have heart disease?
- A.
  
  Ace inhibitors and beta blockers
- B.
  
  Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
- C.
  
  Diuretics and direct vascular dilators
- D.
  
  ARBs and adrenergic blockers
11.

Which is a key adverse effect of nondihydropyridines?
- A.
  
  Bradycardia
- B.
  
  Atrial fibrillation
- C.
  
  Tachycardia
- D.
  
  Ventricular fibrillation
12.

Which hormone prompts the kidneys to conserve sodium and water?
- A.
  
  Aldosterone
- B.
  
  Angiotensinogen
- C.
  
  Anglotensin II
- D.
  
  Insulin
13.

Which drug causes vasodilation of the peripheral blood vessels and coronary arteries but no reduction in heart rate?
- A.
  
  Atenolol
- B.
  
  Diltiazem
- C.
  
  Amlodipine
- D.
  
  Verpamil
14.

Which agent can potentiate the effects of antihypertensives?
- A.
  
  Advil
- B.
  
  Antacid
- C.
  
  Garlic
- D.
  
  Motrin
15.

The first-line therapy for uncomplicated hypertension is:
- A.
  
  A diuretic
- B.
  
  A vasodilator
- C.
  
  A calcium channel blocker
- D.
  
  An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.
16.

ARBs work by blocking:
- A.
  
  Aldosterone
- B.
  
  The type 1 angiotensin receptor
- C.
  
  Calcium
- D.
  
  The type 2 angiotensin receptor.
17.

Which is an adverse effect of a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker?
- A.
  
  Bradycardia
- B.
  
  Lupus
- C.
  
  Severe vasodilation
- D.
  
  Abnormal hair growth
18.

Drinking grapefruit juice with a calcium channel blocker:
- A.
  
  Greatly enhances the effectiveness of the drug.
- B.
  
  Facilitates the excretion of the drug via the kidneys.
- C.
  
  Can cause a rash on the arms and legs.
- D.
  
  May increase drug blood levels.
19.

In patients taking an antihypertensive, St. Johns’ Wort can:
- A.
  
  Decrease metabolism.
- B.
  
  Decrease blood levels of some drugs.
- C.
  
  Interfere with the absorption of some antihypertensives.
- D.
  
  Cause a rash on the legs and trunk of the body.
20.

Renin inhibitors block the ability of renin to:
- A.
  
  Decrease reabsorption of potassium by the kidneys.
- B.
  
  Decrease reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys.
- C.
  
  Convert angiotensin I to angiotensinogen.
- D.
  
  Convert angiontensinogen to angiotensin I.
21.

Which drug class may cause the patient to develop dry cough?
- A.
  
  Calcium channel blockers
- B.
  
  ACE inhibitors
- C.
  
  Direct vascular dilators
- D.
  
  Central andrenergic agonists
22.

For a patient with hypertension who has had a stroke, the first-line therapy is a combination of:
- A.
  
  A diuretic and an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB).
- B.
  
  A calcium channel blocker and beta blocker.
- C.
  
  A diuretic and an ACE inhibitor.
- D.
  
  A calcium channel blocker and an ARB.
23.

The nurse is conducting the initial group education session for clients who have hypertension. What is the most important information to include? Select all that apply.
- A.
  
  The aorta has sensors that help regulate blood pressure.
- B.
  
  Anger can result in hypertension.
- C.
  
  Blood pressures tend to decrease as people age, due to decreased blood volume.
- D.
  
  The vasomotor center, located in the limbic system of the brain, helps regulate blood pressure.
24.

The client is receiving hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) as well as digoxin (Lanoxin). Which lab result would the nurse recognize as most significant?
- A.
  
  BUN level of 20 mg/dl
- B.
  
  Potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L
- C.
  
  Sodium level of 140 mEq/L
- D.
  
  ALT level of 35 units/L
25.

The nurse is taking the initial history of a client admitted to the hospital for hypertension. The physician has ordered a beta-adrenergic blocker. Which statement by the client does the nurse recognize as most significant?
- A.
  
  “I have always had problems with my asthma.”
- B.
  
  “My father died of a heart attack when he was 48 years-old.”
- C.
  
  “I don’t handle stress well; I have a lot of diarrhea.”
- D.
  
  “When I have a migraine headache, I need to have the room darkened.”