Pharm Chapter 38; Drugs For Allergic Rhinitis And The Common Cold
Pharm chapter 38; drugs for allergic rhinitis and the common cold
- 1.
Which answer is NOT true about allergic rhinitis
- A.
Caused by GI infections
- B.
Inflamation of nasal mucosa
- C.
Characterized by sneezing, watery eyes and congestion
- D.
Caused by exposure to allergen
- E.
Cuases histamine release
Correct Answer
A. Caused by GI infections -
- 2.
Histamine causes allergy symptoms
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Histamine is a chemical released by the immune system in response to an allergen. It is responsible for triggering allergy symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. When histamine is released, it binds to specific receptors in the body, leading to inflammation and the characteristic allergic reactions. Therefore, it is correct to say that histamine causes allergy symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What do you know about histamine
- A.
It is a narcotic substance
- B.
is a chemical mediator of inflamitory response
- C.
Histamine1 is found in smooth muscle of the vascular system and bronchial tree
- D.
Prevents symptoms of allergic rhinitis
- E.
H2 is found in stomach and is responsible for peptic ulcers
Correct Answer(s)
B. is a chemical mediator of inflamitory response
C. Histamine1 is found in smooth muscle of the vascular system and bronchial tree
E. H2 is found in stomach and is responsible for peptic ulcersExplanation
Histamine is a chemical mediator of the inflammatory response, meaning it plays a role in the body's immune response to injury or infection. Histamine1 is found in the smooth muscle of the vascular system and bronchial tree, where it helps regulate blood vessel dilation and bronchoconstriction. On the other hand, histamine2 is found in the stomach and is responsible for the production of stomach acid, which can lead to the development of peptic ulcers.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which options are correct regarding intranasal glucocorticoids, such as Intranasal cromolyn (Nasalcrom)?
- A.
Drug of choice, along with sympathomimetics, for treating allergic rhinitis
- B.
Has high efficacy and wide margin of safety
- C.
Must be administered 2-3 weeks prior to allergen exposure
- D.
Drug increases secreation of inflamitory mediators
- E.
Increases tissue edema
- F.
Causes mild vasoconstriction
- G.
Alternative therapy is with mast cell stabilizers
Correct Answer(s)
A. Drug of choice, along with sympathomimetics, for treating allergic rhinitis
B. Has high efficacy and wide margin of safety
C. Must be administered 2-3 weeks prior to allergen exposure
F. Causes mild vasoconstriction
G. Alternative therapy is with mast cell stabilizersExplanation
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- 5.
For fluticasone(flonase, veramyst), spray once in each nostril for varamyst or twice in each nostril for flonase daily
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
slide 31Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which answers show exellent understanding of intranal preparations
- A.
More efficacious than other preparations
- B.
Limmit use to 3-5 days to avoid rebound congestion
- C.
Have local effect within minutes
- D.
Have many systemic effects
Correct Answer(s)
A. More efficacious than other preparations
B. Limmit use to 3-5 days to avoid rebound congestion
C. Have local effect within minutesExplanation
slide 35Rate this question:
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- 7.
Oral Preparation Decongestants
- A.
Have fewer systemic effects than nasal preparations
- B.
Have slower response time than nasal preps
- C.
More effective than nasal preps in relieving severe congestion
- D.
Often combined with antihistamine preparations
Correct Answer(s)
B. Have slower response time than nasal preps
D. Often combined with antihistamine preparationsExplanation
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- 8.
Common colds and allergies create coughs but Antitussives are effective at relieving cough
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
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- 9.
non opioids are used for severe cough and opioids are used for mild or moderate cough
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Opioids used for severe cough
Nonopioids used for mild or moderate coughRate this question:
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- 10.
The expectorant Guaifenesin(Mucinex, robitussin) is ineffective in treating dry, non productive cough
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
39Rate this question:
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- 11.
the mucolytic Acetylcysteine(mucomyst, acetadote) is effective for cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, or other diseases producing thick mucus
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
40Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which drugs are opiod antitussives?
- A.
Codiene
- B.
Dextromethophan(delsym, robitussin)
- C.
Hydroconone
- D.
Homatropine(hycodan)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Codiene
C. Hydroconone
D. Homatropine(hycodan)Explanation
The drugs codeine, hydrocodone, and homatropine (Hycodan) are all opioid antitussives. Opioid antitussives are medications that suppress or relieve coughing by acting on the cough reflex in the brain. Codeine and hydrocodone are commonly used to treat coughs, while homatropine (Hycodan) is often used in combination with hydrocodone to provide additional antitussive effects. These drugs work by reducing the sensitivity of the cough reflex, helping to alleviate cough symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which drugs are nonopiod antitussives?
- A.
Codiene
- B.
Dextromethophan(delsym, robitussin)
- C.
Hydroconone
- D.
Homatropine(hycodan)
Correct Answer
B. Dextromethophan(delsym, robitussin)Explanation
41Rate this question:
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- 14.
•Prototype drug: diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- A.
Is a histamine receptor blocker
- B.
Used to treat minor symptoms of allergies and common cold
- C.
Adverse effect include drowsiness, occasionally cns stimulation and exitability
- D.
Could cause anticholergenic effects and photosensitivity
Correct Answer(s)
A. Is a histamine receptor blocker
B. Used to treat minor symptoms of allergies and common cold
C. Adverse effect include drowsiness, occasionally cns stimulation and exitability
D. Could cause anticholergenic effects and photosensitivityExplanation
Prototype drug: diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Mechanism of action: histamine (H1) receptor blocker (1st generation)
Primary use: to treat minor symptoms of allergy and common coldRate this question:
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- 15.
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
- A.
Is a histamine (H1) receptor blocker (2nd generation)
- B.
Reduces severity of nasal congestion, sneezing, tearing of eyes
- C.
Most effective when taken after symptoms develop
- D.
Has less drowsiness than 1st generations
- E.
Headache and upset stomach are adverse effects
Correct Answer(s)
A. Is a histamine (H1) receptor blocker (2nd generation)
B. Reduces severity of nasal congestion, sneezing, tearing of eyes
D. Has less drowsiness than 1st generations
E. Headache and upset stomach are adverse effectsExplanation
46Rate this question:
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- 16.
The prototype drug: fluticasone (Flonase) is an Intranasal Glucocorticoids. what else is correct
- A.
Decreases local inflammation in nasal passages, thus reducing nasal stuffiness
- B.
Should not be used to treat seasonal allergic rhinitis
- C.
Nasal irritation epistaxis are side effects
Correct Answer(s)
A. Decreases local inflammation in nasal passages, thus reducing nasal stuffiness
C. Nasal irritation epistaxis are side effectsExplanation
Fluticasone (Flonase) is classified as an Intranasal Glucocorticoid, which means it works by decreasing local inflammation in the nasal passages. This action helps to reduce nasal stuffiness. However, it is important to note that nasal irritation and epistaxis (nosebleeds) are potential side effects of using this drug. Therefore, the correct answer states that fluticasone decreases local inflammation in the nasal passages, reducing nasal stuffiness, while also mentioning the side effects of nasal irritation and epistaxis.Rate this question:
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- 17.
•Prototype drug: oxymetazoline (Afrin)
- A.
Is a decongestant
- B.
Causes arterioles in nasal passages to constrict
- C.
Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in sympathetic nervous system
- D.
Dries mucous membranes
- E.
pt with thyroid disorders, htn, diabetes and heart disease should only use if directed by doctor
Correct Answer(s)
A. Is a decongestant
B. Causes arterioles in nasal passages to constrict
C. Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in sympathetic nervous system
D. Dries mucous membranes
E. pt with thyroid disorders, htn, diabetes and heart disease should only use if directed by doctorExplanation
50Rate this question:
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- 18.
•Prototype drug: dextromethorphan (Benylin)
- A.
Acts in medulla to inhibit cough reflex
- B.
Used as component in most OTC severe cold and flu preparations
- C.
Adverse effects include dizziness, drowsiness, GI upset
- D.
Adverse effects are common
- E.
Contraindicated for chronic cough due to asthma, smoking, emphysema and excessive bronchial excretions
- F.
Avoid alcohol and MAOIs while taking
Correct Answer(s)
A. Acts in medulla to inhibit cough reflex
B. Used as component in most OTC severe cold and flu preparations
C. Adverse effects include dizziness, drowsiness, GI upset
E. Contraindicated for chronic cough due to asthma, smoking, emphysema and excessive bronchial excretions
F. Avoid alcohol and MAOIs while takingExplanation
53Rate this question:
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- 19.
Pt teaching for antihystamine therapy includes
- A.
Older adults and children should not use
- B.
Use with extreme caution in clients with asthma or COPD, cardiovascular disease and hyperthyroidism
- C.
Give babies half a spray in the eyes
Correct Answer
B. Use with extreme caution in clients with asthma or COPD, cardiovascular disease and hyperthyroidismExplanation
The correct answer suggests that antihistamine therapy should be used with extreme caution in clients who have asthma or COPD, cardiovascular disease, and hyperthyroidism. This is because antihistamines can potentially worsen the symptoms of these conditions or interact with medications used to treat them. Therefore, healthcare providers need to carefully consider the risks and benefits of using antihistamines in these individuals and closely monitor their response to the therapy. The answer does not provide any information about teaching for older adults, children, or giving babies half a spray in the eyes, so it is not relevant to the explanation.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Patients Receiving Symptomatic Cold Relief
- A.
Use decongestant nasal spray first followed in five to ten minutes by the glucocorticoid.
- B.
Assess for adverse effects of dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, headache, epistaxis
- C.
Use with caution in clients with history of GI disorders
Correct Answer(s)
A. Use decongestant nasal spray first followed in five to ten minutes by the glucocorticoid.
B. Assess for adverse effects of dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, headache, epistaxis
C. Use with caution in clients with history of GI disordersExplanation
The correct answer suggests that when treating patients with symptomatic cold relief, it is recommended to use a decongestant nasal spray first, followed by a glucocorticoid after five to ten minutes. The answer also emphasizes the importance of assessing for adverse effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, headache, and epistaxis. Additionally, it advises caution when using these medications in patients with a history of gastrointestinal disorders.Rate this question:
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