A&p 2113 @ Gwinnett Tech - Chapters 1,2,3 Test Review

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  • 1/127 Questions

    In anatomical positon, the plams are facing..?

    • Forwards
    • Backwards
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About This Quiz

This quiz from A&P 2113 at Gwinnett Tech covers fundamental concepts in chemistry across chapters 1, 2, and 3. It assesses understanding of pH levels, acid-base reactions, and molecular bonding, essential for students in scientific and pre-medical fields.

Chemistry Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    What homeostatic mechanism would be triggered if the body is too hot?

    • Shivering

    • Sweating

    • Gluagon

    • Giggling

    Correct Answer
    A. Sweating
    Explanation
    When the body is too hot, the homeostatic mechanism that would be triggered is sweating. Sweating helps to cool down the body by releasing moisture onto the skin's surface. As the sweat evaporates, it takes heat away from the body, thereby reducing its temperature. This is an important mechanism for maintaining the body's internal temperature within a narrow range, despite external fluctuations. Shivering, on the other hand, is a response to cold temperatures and helps generate heat, while gluagon and giggling are not related to temperature regulation.

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  • 3. 

    Metabolism is...?

    • How the cell reproduces.

    • The process of all chemical reactions within the body.

    • The process of joining one cell to another.

    Correct Answer
    A. The process of all chemical reactions within the body.
    Explanation
    Metabolism refers to the process of all chemical reactions that occur within the body. It involves the conversion of food into energy, the synthesis of molecules, and the breakdown of substances. Metabolism is essential for various biological functions such as growth, repair, and maintenance of cells and tissues. It encompasses both anabolism (building up of molecules) and catabolism (breaking down of molecules). Therefore, the correct answer is "the process of all chemical reactions within the body."

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  • 4. 

    The anatomical term for the cheek is...

    • Antebrachial

    • Carpal

    • Buccal

    • Ocular

    Correct Answer
    A. Buccal
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "buccal." The term "buccal" refers to the cheek, specifically the soft tissue on the inside of the mouth. It is derived from the Latin word "bucca," meaning cheek. This term is commonly used in medical and anatomical contexts to describe structures or conditions related to the cheek area.

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  • 5. 

    The ocular is ______________ to the umbilical.

    • superior

    • Inferior

    Correct Answer
    A. superior
    Explanation
    The ocular is positioned above or higher than the umbilical.

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  • 6. 

    The symbol for __________ is Fe.

    • Potassium

    • Hydrogen

    • Calcium

    • Iron

    Correct Answer
    A. Iron
    Explanation
    The symbol for Iron is Fe.

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  • 7. 

    If you cut a body into left and right halves, it would be...

    • Transverse

    • Sagittal

    • Frontal

    Correct Answer
    A. Sagittal
    Explanation
    If you cut a body into left and right halves, it would be sagittal. Sagittal refers to a plane that divides the body into left and right portions. In this case, the body is being divided into two halves along a vertical plane, separating it into left and right sides. Transverse refers to a plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions, while frontal refers to a plane that divides the body into front and back portions.

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  • 8. 

    The symbol for carbon is ______.

    • C

    • Ca

    • K

    • P

    Correct Answer
    A. C
    Explanation
    The symbol for carbon is C.

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  • 9. 

    The pH of normal human blood is...

    • 7.35 - 7.45

    • 7.25 - 7.35

    • 7.0 - 8.0

    • 3.5 - 4.5

    Correct Answer
    A. 7.35 - 7.45
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 7.35 - 7.45. This range represents the normal pH level of human blood. pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity, with a value of 7 considered neutral. The pH of blood is slightly alkaline, ranging between 7.35 and 7.45, which is necessary for proper bodily functions. Any significant deviation from this range can indicate an imbalance in the body and may require medical attention.

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  • 10. 

    What are the three elements that make up a carbohydrate?

    • Carbon, helium, potassium

    • Carbon, hydrogen, potassium

    • Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

    • Carbon, helium, oxygen

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
    Explanation
    Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. These three elements are essential components of carbohydrates and are present in varying ratios. Carbon forms the backbone of the carbohydrate molecule, while hydrogen and oxygen atoms are attached to carbon atoms, forming functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O). The correct answer, therefore, is carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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  • 11. 

     The ability of the body or a cell to seek and maintain a condition of equilibrium or stability within its internal environment  when dealing with external changes is know as?

    • Feedback systems

    • Homeostasis

    • Metabolism

    Correct Answer
    A. Homeostasis
    Explanation
    Homeostasis refers to the ability of the body or a cell to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves various feedback systems that regulate processes such as temperature, pH, and hormone levels. This balance is crucial for the proper functioning of the body and allows it to adapt to different conditions while keeping its internal environment relatively constant. Metabolism, on the other hand, refers to the chemical processes that occur within the body to maintain life.

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  • 12. 

    __________ is a system capable of resisting changes in pH even when acid or base is added.

    • Metabolism

    • Buffer

    • Carbonic Acid

    • Dorsal

    Correct Answer
    A. Buffer
    Explanation
    A buffer is a system capable of resisting changes in pH even when acid or base is added. It consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. When an acid is added, the weak base component of the buffer reacts with it to neutralize the excess hydrogen ions. Similarly, when a base is added, the weak acid component of the buffer reacts with it to neutralize the excess hydroxide ions. This allows the pH of the solution to remain relatively stable.

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  • 13. 

    What has a polar head and two non-polar tails?

    • Steroid

    • Lipidproteins

    • Phospholipid

    • Protein

    Correct Answer
    A. Phospholipid
    Explanation
    A phospholipid has a polar head and two non-polar tails. The polar head contains a phosphate group, which is hydrophilic (water-loving), while the non-polar tails consist of fatty acid chains, which are hydrophobic (water-repelling). This unique structure allows phospholipids to form the main component of cell membranes, where the polar heads face the aqueous environment inside and outside the cell, while the non-polar tails face each other, creating a barrier that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

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  • 14. 

    The gluteal is ____________ to the popliteal.

    • Superior

    • Inferior

    Correct Answer
    A. Superior
    Explanation
    The gluteal is positioned above or superior to the popliteal region. The gluteal region refers to the buttocks, while the popliteal region is located behind the knee. Therefore, the gluteal is anatomically higher or superior to the popliteal region.

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  • 15. 

    What is the building block of proteins?

    • Lipids

    • Starch

    • Glucose

    • Amino acids

    Correct Answer
    A. Amino acids
    Explanation
    Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to a central carbon atom. They are linked together through peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold into specific 3D structures to create functional proteins. Lipids, starch, and glucose are not the building blocks of proteins, but rather are different types of biomolecules with their own functions in cells.

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  • 16. 

    The anatomical term for the back of the knee is the...

    • Vertbral

    • Popliteal

    • Sural

    • Plantar

    Correct Answer
    A. Popliteal
    Explanation
    The correct answer is popliteal. The popliteal refers to the area at the back of the knee. It is a term used to describe the anatomical structures such as blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes that are located in this region. It is important to know this term when discussing injuries or conditions that affect the back of the knee. The other options, vertbral, sural, and plantar, do not specifically refer to the back of the knee.

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  • 17. 

    If you cut a body into a cross section, it is....

    • Transverse

    • Sagittal

    • Frontal

    Correct Answer
    A. Transverse
    Explanation
    When a body is cut into a cross section, it means that the cut is made perpendicular to the long axis of the body. In this case, the correct answer is "transverse" because a transverse cut divides the body into upper and lower portions, creating a cross-section. A sagittal cut would divide the body into left and right portions, while a frontal cut would divide the body into front and back portions.

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  • 18. 

    Labor & Delivery and blood clotting would be considered a part of..

    • Negative feedback

    • Positive feedback

    Correct Answer
    A. Positive feedback
    Explanation
    Labor & Delivery and blood clotting are both examples of positive feedback. Positive feedback is a mechanism in which a change or stimulus amplifies the response, leading to an even greater change. In labor, contractions of the uterus stimulate the release of oxytocin, which in turn causes stronger contractions. This positive feedback loop continues until the baby is delivered. Similarly, in blood clotting, a clot forms at the site of injury, which triggers the release of chemicals that further enhance clot formation. This positive feedback loop ensures that the clot is formed quickly and effectively to prevent excessive bleeding.

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  • 19. 

    Elements become positivily or negatively charged by gaining or losing negative subatomic particles called _________.

    • Protons

    • Electrons

    • Neutrons

    • Megatrons

    Correct Answer
    A. Electrons
    Explanation
    Elements become positively or negatively charged by gaining or losing negative subatomic particles called electrons. Electrons have a negative charge and are found orbiting the nucleus of an atom. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes charged and forms an ion. The gain or loss of electrons determines the overall charge of the atom, with a gain resulting in a negative charge and a loss resulting in a positive charge.

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  • 20. 

    The umbilical is ____________ to the acromial.

    • Medial

    • Lateral

    Correct Answer
    A. Medial
    Explanation
    The umbilical is located closer to the midline of the body than the acromial. Therefore, it is considered to be medial to the acromial.

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  • 21. 

    The orbital region is ____________ to the buccal region.

    • Superior

    • Inferior

    Correct Answer
    A. Superior
    Explanation
    The orbital region is positioned above or superior to the buccal region. The term "superior" is used to describe a location that is higher or above another structure. In this case, it indicates that the orbital region is situated in a higher position compared to the buccal region.

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  • 22. 

    Water is a ________ molecule.

    • Polar

    • Non-polar

    Correct Answer
    A. Polar
    Explanation
    Water is a polar molecule because it has a slight positive charge on one end (hydrogen) and a slight negative charge on the other end (oxygen). This is due to the unequal sharing of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the water molecule. The oxygen atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly, creating a partial negative charge, while the hydrogen atoms have a partial positive charge. This polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other, giving water its unique properties such as high boiling point, surface tension, and ability to dissolve many substances.

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  • 23. 

    The pH of distilled water would be..

    • 7

    • 0

    • 7.35

    • 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 7
    Explanation
    Distilled water is considered neutral because it has an equal concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-), resulting in a pH of 7. This means that the solution is neither acidic nor alkaline.

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  • 24. 

    If a patient has breast cancer in both breasts, then it is...

    • Bilateral

    • Ipsilateral

    • Contralateral

    Correct Answer
    A. Bilateral
    Explanation
    If a patient has breast cancer in both breasts, it is referred to as bilateral. This term indicates that the cancer is present in both sides of the body, specifically in both breasts. It distinguishes from ipsilateral, which means the cancer is present in the same side of the body, and contralateral, which means the cancer is present in the opposite side of the body.

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  • 25. 

    ________________ is the process by which water is taken away to synthesize compounds.

    • Hydrolysis

    • Dehydration

    Correct Answer
    A. Dehydration
    Explanation
    Dehydration is the process by which water is taken away to synthesize compounds. During dehydration, a molecule loses a water molecule, resulting in the formation of a new compound. This process is commonly used in organic chemistry reactions, such as the formation of esters or the synthesis of proteins. In contrast, hydrolysis is the process by which water is used to break down compounds into smaller molecules.

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  • 26. 

    ______________ is a simple sugar. The simplest of carbohydrates. It constitutes the building blocks of more complex forms of sugar.

    • Disaccharide

    • Trisaccharide

    • Polysaccharide

    • Monosaccharide

    Correct Answer
    A. Monosaccharide
    Explanation
    A monosaccharide is a simple sugar and the simplest form of carbohydrates. It is considered the building block for more complex forms of sugar such as disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are single sugar molecules that cannot be broken down further into simpler sugars.

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  • 27. 

    The nervous system does NOT include which of the following organs?

    • Brain

    • Spinal cord

    • Peripherial nerves

    • Sense organs

    • Heart

    Correct Answer
    A. Heart
    Explanation
    The nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the body, allowing for communication and coordination. It includes the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and sense organs. However, the heart is not part of the nervous system. The heart is part of the circulatory system, which is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.

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  • 28. 

    The anatomical term for the chest is the...

    • Mammary

    • Axillary

    • Thoracic

    • Scapular

    Correct Answer
    A. Thoracic
    Explanation
    The correct answer is thoracic because the term "thoracic" refers to the chest region. It is derived from the word "thorax" which specifically relates to the part of the body between the neck and the abdomen, containing the heart, lungs, and other vital organs. The term "mammary" refers to the breasts, "axillary" relates to the armpit area, and "scapular" refers to the shoulder blade region. Therefore, thoracic is the most appropriate anatomical term for the chest.

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  • 29. 

    The coxal is ____________ to the scapular.

    • Superior

    • Inferior

    Correct Answer
    A. Inferior
    Explanation
    The coxal bone is located below or inferior to the scapular bone. This means that the coxal bone is positioned lower in the body compared to the scapular bone.

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  • 30. 

    The body maintains homeostatis primarily using which two organ systems...

    • Muscle & endocrine

    • Muscle & cardovascular

    • Endocrine & nervous

    • Nervous & cardiovascular

    Correct Answer
    A. Endocrine & nervous
    Explanation
    The body maintains homeostasis primarily using the endocrine and nervous systems. The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream, which help regulate various bodily functions and maintain balance. The nervous system, on the other hand, controls and coordinates the body's activities through electrical signals transmitted by neurons. Together, these two systems work in harmony to monitor and adjust the body's internal environment, ensuring that conditions remain stable and optimal for proper functioning.

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  • 31. 

    Which organ system contains the pituitary gland?

    • Integumentary

    • Nervous

    • Endocrine

    • Cardiovascular

    Correct Answer
    A. Endocrine
    Explanation
    The pituitary gland is part of the endocrine system. The endocrine system is responsible for producing and secreting hormones that regulate various bodily functions. The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls the release of hormones from other glands in the body. It plays a crucial role in regulating growth, metabolism, reproduction, and other important functions.

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  • 32. 

    The anatomical term for the heel is the...

    • Brachial

    • Plantar

    • Peroneal

    • Calcaneal

    Correct Answer
    A. Calcaneal
    Explanation
    The correct answer is calcaneal because the term "calcaneal" refers to the heel bone, which is located in the foot. It is the largest bone in the foot and provides support and stability to the foot while walking or standing. The term "brachial" refers to the arm, "plantar" refers to the sole of the foot, and "peroneal" refers to the fibula bone in the lower leg. Therefore, calcaneal is the most appropriate term to describe the heel.

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  • 33. 

    The anatomical term for the great toe is the..

    • Tarsal

    • Pedal

    • Hallux

    • Pollex

    Correct Answer
    A. Hallux
    Explanation
    The correct answer is hallux. The term "hallux" refers specifically to the great toe, which is the largest and most medial toe of the foot. This term is commonly used in anatomy to distinguish the great toe from the other toes. The other options, tarsal, pedal, and pollex, do not specifically refer to the great toe and are not anatomically correct in this context.

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  • 34. 

    If a patient has a cut on the same arm as a previous cut, then it is...

    • Bilateral

    • Ipsilateral

    • Contralateral

    Correct Answer
    A. Ipsilateral
    Explanation
    If a patient has a cut on the same arm as a previous cut, it is considered ipsilateral. Ipsilateral refers to something occurring on the same side of the body. In this case, both cuts are on the same arm, indicating that they are on the same side of the body.

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  • 35. 

    An ion with a negative charge is called a ________.

    • Cation

    • Anion

    Correct Answer
    A. Anion
    Explanation
    An ion with a negative charge is called an anion. In chemistry, ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged, and it is referred to as an anion. This is because the negative charge is due to the excess of electrons. On the other hand, a cation is an ion with a positive charge, formed when an atom loses electrons.

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  • 36. 

    Which of the following bonds would NOT be polar?

    • Most proteins

    • Sugars

    • Fats

    • Salts

    Correct Answer
    A. Fats
    Explanation
    Fats would not be polar because they are composed mainly of hydrocarbon chains, which are nonpolar. Polar bonds occur when there is a significant difference in electronegativity between the atoms involved, causing an uneven distribution of charge. In contrast, fats consist of long hydrocarbon tails that have similar electronegativities, resulting in a nonpolar molecule.

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  • 37. 

    The reaction by which ATP is formed from ADP is:

    • ADP + P = ATP

    • APD + P = ATP

    • ADP + P + P = ATP

    • ADP + P + energy = ATP

    Correct Answer
    A. ADP + P + energy = ATP
    Explanation
    The correct answer is ADP + P + energy = ATP. This reaction represents the process of phosphorylation, where ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is converted into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) by adding a phosphate group (P) and energy. This energy is typically derived from cellular processes such as respiration or photosynthesis. This reaction is crucial in cellular metabolism as ATP serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various biological processes.

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  • 38. 

    Intracellular fluid is high in potassium.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Intracellular fluid refers to the fluid inside the cells of the body. It is composed of various ions, including potassium. Potassium is the most abundant positively charged ion inside the cell, making the intracellular fluid high in potassium. Therefore, the statement "Intracellular fluid is high in potassium" is true.

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  • 39. 

    The carpal is ___________ to the palmar.

    • Proximal

    • Distal

    Correct Answer
    A. Proximal
    Explanation
    The carpal is proximal to the palmar. "Proximal" refers to a position closer to the point of attachment or the center of the body. In this case, the carpal, which refers to the bones in the wrist, is closer to the point of attachment or center of the body compared to the palmar, which refers to the palm of the hand. Therefore, the carpal is described as being proximal to the palmar.

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following would be classified as hydrophobic?

    • Glucose

    • Sucrose

    • NaCl

    • Lon chain fatty acid

    • Pepsin

    Correct Answer
    A. Lon chain fatty acid
    Explanation
    A long chain fatty acid would be classified as hydrophobic because it is nonpolar and does not dissolve in water. Hydrophobic substances tend to repel water and are insoluble in it. Glucose and sucrose are both carbohydrates that are hydrophilic, meaning they dissolve in water. NaCl, also known as table salt, is an ionic compound that dissociates into ions in water and is therefore hydrophilic. Pepsin is an enzyme that is also hydrophilic and soluble in water.

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  • 41. 

    The correct order for the levels of organizaiton is:

    • Chemical, organelle, tissue, cell, organ, organ system

    • Chemical, organ, tissue, organelle, organ system, cell

    • Chemical, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system

    • Organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, chemical

    Correct Answer
    A. Chemical, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system
    Explanation
    The correct order for the levels of organization is chemical, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system. This order follows the hierarchical structure of how living organisms are organized. Chemicals are the basic building blocks of life, which combine to form organelles within cells. Cells are the fundamental units of life, which group together to form tissues. Tissues then combine to form organs, which work together in organ systems to perform specific functions. Therefore, this order represents the progression from the smallest components of life to larger, more complex structures.

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  • 42. 

    If you cut a body into anterior and posterior parts, it would be..

    • Transverse

    • Sagittal

    • Frontal

    Correct Answer
    A. Frontal
    Explanation
    If you cut a body into anterior and posterior parts, it would be considered a frontal cut. A frontal cut divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections. This type of cut is also known as a coronal plane, and it is used to study the body's structures from a front-to-back perspective.

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  • 43. 

    C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP + heat is the reaction for...

    • Dehydration

    • Cellular respiration

    • Hydrolysis

    • Risobomal respiration

    Correct Answer
    A. Cellular respiration
    Explanation
    The given reaction represents cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) into carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and energy in the form of ATP. This reaction occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is essential for the production of energy needed for cellular activities.

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  • 44. 

    Why is it important that lysosomes are membranous organelles?

    • They produce DNA

    • They produce proteins

    • They contain digestive enzymes

    • They contain the nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. They contain digestive enzymes
    Explanation
    Lysosomes are important because they contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes help break down and recycle cellular waste materials, including old organelles and foreign substances. Without a membrane to contain these enzymes, they could leak out and damage other parts of the cell. Therefore, it is crucial for lysosomes to be membranous organelles to ensure that the digestive enzymes are contained and only function within the lysosome.

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  • 45. 

    A group of cells working together that perform similar functions is called...

    • Tissue

    • Organelle

    • Organ

    • System

    Correct Answer
    A. Tissue
    Explanation
    A group of cells working together that perform similar functions is called tissue. Tissues are a collection of cells that work together to perform a specific function in the body. They are the building blocks of organs and systems in the body. Organelles are small structures within cells that have specific functions, while organs are made up of different tissues working together, and systems are made up of organs working together. Therefore, tissue is the correct answer in this context.

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  • 46. 

    The anatomical term for the front of the elbow is..

    • Antecubital

    • Antebrachial

    • Palmar

    • Cephalic

    Correct Answer
    A. Antecubital
    Explanation
    The anatomical term for the front of the elbow is antecubital. This term refers to the region in front of the elbow joint. It is commonly used in medical and anatomical contexts to describe the area where blood vessels and nerves are located and where blood is often drawn for medical procedures.

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  • 47. 

    The popliteal is _____________ to the calcaneal.

    • Proximal

    • Distal

    Correct Answer
    A. Proximal
    Explanation
    The popliteal is located closer to the body or the point of attachment than the calcaneal. In anatomical terms, "proximal" refers to a position closer to the point of attachment or the center of the body. Since the popliteal is closer to the body compared to the calcaneal (which refers to the heel), the correct answer is "proximal".

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  • 48. 

    The manual is ___________ to the lumbar.

    • Medial

    • Lateral

    Correct Answer
    A. Lateral
    Explanation
    The correct answer for this question is "lateral" because it means "on or toward the side" and is the opposite of "medial" which means "toward the midline or center". Therefore, the manual is positioned or related to the lumbar in a way that is away from the midline or center, indicating a lateral orientation.

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  • 49. 

    In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell?

    • Anaphase

    • Metaphase

    • Telophase

    • Prophase

    Correct Answer
    A. Metaphase
    Explanation
    During metaphase, the chromosomes align themselves along the equator of the cell. This alignment is essential for the proper separation of chromosomes during cell division. The spindle fibers attach to the centromere region of each chromosome, ensuring that they are correctly positioned. Once the chromosomes are properly aligned, they are ready to be separated and pulled apart during anaphase. Therefore, metaphase is the correct answer for the phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.

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