Otterbein/Grant CRNA A&p Liver And Renal Essay Quiz Review

Protein synthesis: All of the following proteins are synthesized in the liver except:

Protein synthesis: Urea is formed in the liver by combing two molecules of _________ with CO2.

Protein synthesis: In liver disease with decreased protein synthesis, protein-bound drugs will have a lesser clinical effect than in a healthy individual.

Drug metabolism/transformation: Phase II reaction conjugates the product of phase I with a subsequent molecule such as glucoronide, sulfate, taurine, or glycine.  Products of phase II have a larger molecular weight and are ionized, making them more _______ soluble, facilitating excreting and decreasing pharmacologic activity.

Drug metabolism/biotransformation: P-450 enzyme activity is _________ by a number of drugs including alcohol, phenytoin, and barbiturates.  This is called enzyme induction, meaning that an apparent tolerance develops due to the rapid metabolism of drugs by P-450.  

Drug metabolism/Biotransformation: Which phase adds or exposes a functional group via oxidation, reduction, deamination, or other processes involving cytochrome P-450 enzymes?

Hepatic blood flow: The liver receives approximately 1.5 L/min of blood flow, which is ___% of cardiac output?

Hepatic blood flow: The liver can compensate up to 25% of total blood volume during acute hemorrhage by expelling blood immediately from capacitance vessels.

Hepatic blood flow: There are alpha and beta receptors in the hepatic artery but only _____ receptors in the portal vein.

Hepatic blood flow: A decrease/increase in either arterial or venous circulation is met by a compensatory increase/decrease in blood flow from the other system.  This is called the hepatic artery buffer response (HABR) system, which allows the arterial/venous flow to change but not change overall total hepatic blood flow.

GFR: Renal blood flow is approximately 650 mL/min (20%-25% of cardiac output) - what percentage of this blood flow becomes filtrate?

GFR: The glomerular _____ pressure is a high pressure (60 mmhg) exerted against the walls of the glomelular capillaries, it is the primary determinant of the amount of filtration occurring. 

GFR: The glomerular capillary lining is made up of pores that are __________ charged.

GFR: Which of the following will not become filtrate?

GFR: Juxtaglomerular cells are smooth muscle cells in the arterioles that are sensitive to stretch – when they sense decreased renal blood flow they release renin in an attempt to maintain renal blood flow and GFR.