Oceanography Exam Review, Level 1

The Mariana Trench is the correct answer because it is known as the deepest place in the ocean, located at 36,000 feet below sea level. It is a crescent-shaped trench in the Western Pacific Ocean and is famous for its extreme depth and unique ecosystem. The Bathypelagic Zone refers to the deep-sea zone where sunlight cannot penetrate, but it is not a specific location like the Mariana Trench. The Pacific Gyre and Bay of Fundy are not related to the deepest place in the ocean.

Bathymetry is the measurement and mapping of the ocean floor's topography, including its depths, contours, and underwater features. It involves using various techniques such as echo sounding to determine the shape and characteristics of the ocean floor. Therefore, bathymetry is another name for the topography of the ocean floor.

Bacteria form the basis of a food chain in a deep ocean vent. Deep ocean vents are characterized by high temperatures and extreme pressure, making it difficult for other organisms to survive. Bacteria, however, have adapted to these harsh conditions and are able to derive energy from the chemicals present in the vent, such as hydrogen sulfide. These bacteria serve as primary producers, converting the chemical energy into organic matter. Other organisms, such as tube worms and other vent-dwelling animals, then feed on these bacteria, forming the basis of the food chain in this unique ecosystem.

The Bottlenose Dolphin is most closely related to whales because they both belong to the taxonomic Order Cetaceae. This order includes all marine mammals such as dolphins, porpoises, and whales. Sharks and sailfish are not part of this order, and humans are not closely related to dolphins or whales in terms of taxonomy. Therefore, the correct answer is whales.

The San Andreas Fault is an example of a transform active margin because it is a boundary between two tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally. This type of plate boundary is characterized by frequent earthquakes and the absence of significant volcanic activity. The fault is located in California, USA, and is responsible for the formation of the famous San Francisco Bay Area.

When a wave approaches shallow water, the bottom of the wave starts to interact with the ocean floor. This interaction causes the wave to slow down, while the top of the wave continues moving at its original speed. This difference in speed between the top and bottom of the wave causes the wave to become unstable and eventually collapse, resulting in the wave breaking.

Submarine fans are not examples of volcanic peaks because they are sedimentary features found on the ocean floor, formed by the deposition of sediment carried by underwater currents. Volcanic peaks, on the other hand, are mountains or hills that are formed by volcanic activity, such as the eruption of lava and ash from a volcano. Sea Knolls, Guyots (Sea Mounts), and Abyssal Hills are all examples of underwater volcanic peaks or volcanic features.

Uniform color and reflective scales are adaptations that help a marine animal that swims in open ocean water. Having a uniform color helps the animal blend in with its surroundings and makes it harder for predators to spot. Reflective scales can help to confuse or deter predators by reflecting light and creating a shimmering effect, making it difficult for predators to accurately locate the animal. These adaptations are beneficial for survival in the open ocean environment.

The Benguela Current is located along the western coast of southern Africa, and it flows northward. Therefore, it would not have been able to carry the Nike shoes from the North Pacific Gyre to the coasts of California, Hawaii, and Japan. The other three currents listed - the North Pacific Current, California Current, and Kuroshio Current - are all located in the North Pacific region and could have potentially carried the shoes to these locations.

The correct answer is Caudal Fin. The caudal fin is located at the posterior end of a fish and is responsible for propulsion and steering. It is the main fin used for swimming and is typically shaped like a fan or triangle. The dorsal fin is located on the back of the fish and provides stability, the pelvic fin is located on the ventral side of the fish and helps with balance and maneuvering, and the pectoral fin is located on the sides of the fish and aids in steering and stopping.