Os2 - II Odbrana

The correct answer is "mknod". This command is used to create a new special file or device node in the file system. It is typically used to create character or block devices.

The given statement is true. The command "df" is used to check the free and used space of a file system. By running this command, users can see the amount of disk space used and available on their system. It provides information about the total size of the file system, the amount of space used, the amount of free space, and the percentage of space used. Therefore, the statement "tačno" (true) is the correct answer.

The command "mkfs -t ext2 /dev/sdb1" is used to create a new ext2 file system on the partition /dev/sdb1. The "mkfs" command is used to create a file system, "-t ext2" specifies the file system type as ext2, and "/dev/sdb1" is the partition on which the file system will be created. This command formats the partition and sets it up to be used as an ext2 file system.

The given code is using the shmget function to create a shared memory segment. The flags IPC_CREAT and IPC_EXCL are used to create a new segment if it does not already exist. The flags S_IRUSR and S_IWUSR are used to set the permissions for the owner of the segment, allowing both reading and writing. Therefore, the correct answer is "Čitanje i pisanje".

The correct answer is "Pipe strukturama" (Pipe structures). The system calls popen and pclose are used for working with pipe structures. Pipes are a form of inter-process communication that allows the output of one process to be used as the input for another process. The popen function opens a pipe and creates a new process to execute a command, while the pclose function closes the pipe and waits for the associated process to terminate. These system calls are commonly used for tasks such as redirecting input/output between processes or creating a pipeline of processes.

The correct answer states that FIFO has a name in the file system, while Pipe is an unnamed file. This means that FIFO can be accessed and manipulated using its name in the file system, whereas Pipe does not have a specific name and is typically used for communication between processes within the same system.

The correct answer is ext3 podržava dnevnik (journaling). Ext3 file system has the advantage of supporting journaling, which means that it keeps a log of changes before they are actually made to the file system. This helps in recovering the file system in case of a system crash or power failure, as it can replay the journal and restore the file system to a consistent state. This feature enhances data integrity and reduces the risk of data loss.

The given command "find / -nouser -o -nogroup" is used to display all files on the file system that do not have an owner or a group assigned to them.

The given command "rm -rf /" is used to remove files and directories recursively and forcefully. In this case, it is being executed with root privileges. The option "-r" indicates that the removal should be done recursively, and the option "-f" indicates that it should be done forcefully without prompting for confirmation. The argument "/" specifies the root directory. Therefore, the command will start deleting the entire root directory of the Linux system, including all its subdirectories.

The statement "Pretvaranje ext2 fajl sistema u ext3 je moguće bez gubitka podataka" translates to "Converting an ext2 file system to ext3 is possible without data loss." The correct answer "Tačno" means "True." Therefore, the explanation is that it is indeed possible to convert an ext2 file system to ext3 without losing any data.

The correct answer is: To je specijalni direktorijum u kome se pojavljuje sadržaj u zavisnosti od procesa koji pristupa, i odgovara PID tog procesa u /proc/ direktorijumu.

The /proc/self directory in Linux is a special directory that contains information about the current process. It dynamically shows the content based on the process that accesses it and corresponds to the process ID (PID) of that process in the /proc/ directory. Therefore, the correct answer explains the purpose and functionality of the /proc/self directory accurately.

The correct answer is "Čvor (node) preko koga pristupamo disku 'IDE Primary Master'". This answer correctly identifies that the given symbol represents the node through which we access the "IDE Primary Master" disk on a Linux operating system.

The correct answer is "programB | programA". This is the correct syntax and order of calling in order for the input for programA to be the output of programB. The "|" symbol represents the pipe operator, which allows the output of one program to be used as the input of another program. In this case, programB's output is being piped into programA as its input.

The given answer "Tačno" (True) is correct because it accurately states that the loopback devices in Linux, such as /dev/loop0, /dev/loop1, etc., are used to simulate a block device by using a file or disk image as its content. This allows users to access and manipulate the contents of the file as if it were a physical device.

The correct answer is "Celobrojni niz od dva člana u koji se smeštaju deskriptori datoteka za čitanje i pisanje." This means that the parameter 'fds' represents an integer array of two members where file descriptors for both reading and writing are stored.

The correct answer is "mount -t nfs fileserver1://share/doc /doc". This command uses the correct syntax for activating a network file system. It specifies the file system type (-t nfs) and the location of the file server (fileserver1://share/doc). It also specifies the mount point (/doc) where the file system will be mounted.

To allow regular users to mount the /dev/sdb1 filesystem, it is necessary to add ",user" after "defaults" in the given line in the /etc/fstab file.

The correct answer is "mechanism of interruption". The wakeup algorithm is closely related to the mechanism of interruption. When a device or process needs attention or needs to be activated, it sends an interrupt signal to the system, which triggers the wakeup algorithm. This algorithm determines the appropriate action to take in response to the interrupt and ensures that the necessary resources are allocated to handle the interrupt effectively.

The given code opens a file descriptor using the "open" function, specifying the path to a FIFO (named pipe) file and the flag O_WRONLY, indicating that the file will be opened for writing only. Then, it writes the contents of the data buffer to the FIFO using the "write" function and the file descriptor. Finally, it closes the file descriptor using the "close" function. Therefore, the correct answer is "Upis bafera podataka u FIFO", which translates to "Writing data buffer to FIFO" in English.

The correct answer is "Upravljanje particijama hard diskova - kreiranje, brisanje i sl." This is because the program fdisk is used for managing partitions on a hard disk, including creating and deleting partitions, as well as performing other related tasks. It is not used for managing the entire hard disk or file systems, but specifically for partition management.

The correct answer is "ifconfig". By using the "ifconfig" command, you can easily determine the IP address of your network adapter.

When using an unnamed "pipe" file, if the reader process tries to read but there is no available data, it will be blocked until data appears. This allows for automatic synchronization between the reader and writer processes.

The correct answer is "Tu je montiran specijalni sistem datoteka u kome se dinamički kreiraju nodovi koji odgovaraju pokrenutim kvazi-terminalima." This means that the special file system /dev/pts on Linux dynamically creates nodes that correspond to running pseudo-terminals. This allows multiple terminal sessions to be created and managed simultaneously.

The given command "mount /dev/hdb1 /home" is used to mount an IDE device represented by the node /dev/hdb1 into the directory /home. This means that the contents of the IDE device will be accessible and usable in the /home directory.

The correct answer is "mkswap /dev/sda2". This command is used to create a swap partition on the /dev/sda2 device. The "swapon /dev/sda2" command is used to activate the swap partition, while the "swap /dev/sda2" command is not a valid command.

The given code is used for reading data from a FIFO file. It opens the FIFO file using the "r" mode, reads a string from the file using fscanf, and then closes the file. Therefore, the correct answer is "Čitanje podataka iz FIFO datoteke" which translates to "Reading data from a FIFO file" in English.

Logcheck is a program that is used for easier review and notification of specific events in log files generated by syslog. It helps administrators to efficiently monitor and manage log files by automatically scanning them for predefined patterns or keywords and sending notifications or alerts when those patterns are found. This allows administrators to stay informed about important events and take necessary actions promptly.

The correct answer is "Ponašanje korisnika." In Linux, the system random number generator uses various factors as "external" sources to generate random numbers. One of these factors is the behavior of the user. The user's actions, such as mouse movements and keyboard inputs, are used as input to generate random numbers. This helps to ensure that the generated numbers are unpredictable and suitable for cryptographic purposes.

In the given code, the function mmap is used to create a memory-mapped file with write permission for the file descriptor and an offset of zero. This means that a portion of the file is mapped into memory, allowing direct read and write operations to the file. The offset of zero indicates that the mapping starts from the beginning of the file. Therefore, the correct answer is "Kreiramo memorijski mapiranu datoteku sa pravom za upis u fajl deskriptor sa ofsetom nula" (We create a memory-mapped file with write permission for the file descriptor and an offset of zero).

The correct answer is "Izvršavanje programa sa privilegijama drugih korisnika bez njihove šifre" which translates to "Executing programs with the privileges of other users without their password". This refers to the "sudo" command in Linux, which allows a user to run commands with the security privileges of another user, typically the root user, without needing to know their password.

The correct answer is "preusmeravanje ulaza i izlaza". The dup2 system call in programming is used to duplicate a file descriptor, allowing the input and output to be redirected from one file to another. This means that the input and output can be redirected to a different file or device, providing flexibility in handling data streams.

Poziv shmget() služi za alokaciju deljivog memorijskog segmenta.

By moving the kernel to a separate partition and setting it to read-only in the /etc/fstab file, the security of the kernel can be increased. This prevents any unauthorized modifications to the kernel, as it can only be accessed in a read-only mode. This helps to protect the integrity of the kernel and reduce the risk of malicious attacks or unauthorized changes to the operating system.

The correct answer is "Funkciju koja vraća trenutnu sistemsku veličinu stranice (page size)". In this context, getpagesize() is a function that returns the current system page size. This page size is used as the size parameter in the shmget() function to allocate a shared memory segment.

The correct answer is "mount -o loop=/dev/loop0 /tmp/image /mnt/vdrv". This command uses the "-o" option to specify that the loop device is "/dev/loop0", the disk image is located at "/tmp/image", and the mount point is "/mnt/vdrv". This command correctly mounts the disk image using the loopback device.

The correct answer states that the root file system (/) is activated first during the booting process of the operating system. This means that it is the initial file system that is accessed and loaded by the operating system during startup. Other file systems may be mounted later, but the root file system is essential for the functioning of the operating system.

The correct answer is "umount /dev/cdrom". This command is used to unmount a device, in this case, the /dev/cdrom device. The "umount" command is followed by the device's path (/dev/cdrom) to specify which device should be unmounted. By executing this command, the device will be deactivated and can be safely removed from the system.

The given commands are used to create a swap file and initialize it as swap space on the system. However, the size of the swap file is not specified in the commands, so it will not increase the total swap space on the system. Therefore, the correct answer is "Ne povećava se" (It does not increase).

When we run the "ifconfig" command in Linux without any additional parameters, it displays the information and status of all active network interfaces. This allows us to see the details of each interface, such as IP addresses, MAC addresses, and network settings.

The correct answer is that block devices in Linux provide reading or writing of data in fixed-size blocks. Block devices are a type of storage device that allows data to be accessed in blocks rather than individual bytes. These blocks have a fixed size, which allows for efficient reading and writing operations. Block devices include devices such as hard drives and solid-state drives.

The correct answer is "Parametri mrežnog sistema datoteka (NFS)". This is because the question is asking about what can be configured in the /etc/exports file on Linux. The /etc/exports file is used to define the directories and options that are available for remote NFS clients to access. Therefore, the correct answer is the one that mentions "Parametri mrežnog sistema datoteka (NFS)", as it is the only option related to NFS, which is the network file system used for sharing files and directories between systems.

The given content is typically found in the /etc/resolve.conf file. This file is used by the DNS resolver to map hostnames to IP addresses. It specifies the nameserver(s) that should be used for DNS resolution. In this case, the nameserver 172.16.48.1 is specified, indicating that DNS queries should be sent to this IP address for resolution.

The given statement is incorrect. The only way for an ordinary user to execute a program with root privileges on Linux is not just by knowing the root password. There are other methods such as using the "sudo" command or modifying the user's permissions through the "sudoers" file. Therefore, the correct answer is "Netačno" (False).

The ioctl system call in Linux is used to control devices. It allows a user program to communicate with a device driver and perform various operations on the device, such as configuring settings, retrieving information, or controlling its behavior. This system call is commonly used for managing and manipulating devices in the Linux operating system.

The given output shows that the /home, /win, and /tmp directories are currently mounted on the system. The user root is attempting to unmount these directories using the "umount" command. Since the user root has the necessary permissions and the directories are currently mounted, the user root can successfully execute all the commands and unmount the directories.

The correct answer is "Proveru fizičke ispravnosti površine hard diska" which translates to "Checking the physical integrity of the hard disk surface". The program badblocks is used to scan and detect any bad sectors or blocks on a hard disk. It helps to identify any physical damage or errors on the hard disk's surface, allowing users to take appropriate actions such as repairing or replacing the disk.

The correct answer is "route". In Linux, the "route" command is used to display or manipulate the IP routing table. It allows users to view the current routing table, add or delete routes, and modify routing parameters. The "netstat -r" command can also be used to display the routing table, providing information about the network connections and routing information. However, "rttable" and "ne znam" are not valid commands for displaying the routing table in Linux.

The given commands are used to create and enable swap space on the system. The "dd" command is used to create a file called "swap_file" with a size of 100M (100 megabytes) and a block size of 512 bytes. The "mkswap" command is used to set up the file as swap space. Finally, the "swapon" command is used to enable the swap space. Since the size of the file created is 100M, which is equal to 51.2 MB, the total swap space on the system is increased by 51.2 MB.

The correct answer is "sudo find / -user student1 -print -exec chown student2 {} \;". This command uses the "sudo" command to execute the "find" command with the specified options. It searches for files owned by "student1" and prints their paths, then it uses the "exec" option to execute the "chown" command and change the ownership of each found file to "student2".