The study of physiology gives us a chance to understand the normal functioning of a living organism’s body. As we continue in the revision process for the OS II exam 1, I have prepared part two of the physiology practice tests. Why don’t you give it a try and see which topics might be problematic for you? All the best!
27. Reabsorption of new HCO3- occurs predominately in the late distal tubule and the collecting duct only when
B. Urea is recycled
C. H+ is excreted into the urine
D. The formation of ammonia from glutamine is inhibited
E. Mean arterial blood pressure is below 80 mm Hg.
A. Mannitol induces an osmotic diuresis
B. Mannitol is a significant solute in the medullary interstitium
C. Mannitol increases Na+ reabsorption
D. The clearance of mannitol equals the clearance of PAH.
E. Mannitol decreases K+ secretion.
A. K+ reabsorption by principal cells.
B. Urea reabsorption by the cells of the inner medullary collecting duct
C. ANP release by atrial myocytes
D. K+ secretion by proximal tubule cells.
E. Na+ reabsorption by principal cells
A. Urea recycling.
B. Autoregulation of the kidney.
C. Counter-current multiplication
D. Ultrafiltration.
E. Glomerulotubular balance
A. Less than 7 mM.
B. 7 mM.
C. 28 mM.
D. 100 mM
E. Greater than 100 mM.
A. Angiotensin II
B. ADH
C. Prostaglandin I2
D. Renin
E. Increased sympathetic activity
A. Osmotic pressure in the tubular fluid
B. Hydrostatic pressure in the peritubular capillary
C. Oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillary
D. Oncotic pressure in the tubular fluid
E. Oncotic pressure in the peritubular capillary
A. Predominately in the first half of the proximal tubule
B. Directly as a result of Na/H exchange
C. On a Cl-/glucose co-transporter
D. On an antiporter that secretes formate anion
E. Minimally, it is secreted into the tubular fluid of the proximal tubule
A. 100 mOsm/L
B. 300 mOsm/L
C. 500 mOsm/L
D. 900 mOsm/L
E. 1200 mOsm/L
A. Increased hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capillaries
B. Hyponatremia
C. Decreased permeability of the glomerular capillaries
D. Increased oncotic pressure of glomerular capillaries
E. Hypoaldosteronism
A. The glomerular capillaries of cortical nephrons are located in the cortex; those of juxtamedullary nephrons are located in the medulla.
B. Only cortical nephrons have peritubular capillaries arising from efferent arterioles
C. The loops of Henle of the cortical nephrons are entirely in the cortex
D. Only juxtamedullary nephrons have collecting ducts
E. Vasa recta arise from the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons but not cortical nephrons.
0.15 mg/ml
1mg/ml
2mg/ml
80mg/min
350mg/min
0.15 mg/ml
1mg/ml
2mg/ml
80mg/min
350mg/min
0.15 mg/ml
1mg/ml
2mg/ml
80mg/min
350mg/min
A. 10 ml/min
B. 110 ml/min
C. 0.04 mg/min
D. 0.8 mg/min
E. 2.75 mg/min
A. 10 ml/min
B. 110 ml/min
C. 0.04 mg/min
D. 0.8 mg/min
E. 2.75 mg/min
A. It exhibits net reabsorption in the nephron since its clearance is lower than Cin
B. The concentration of solute X in Bowman’s space is greater than its concentration in the urine.
C. Solute X might be creatinine
D. Solute X might be glycine
E. Solute X might be serum albumin
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
A. Posm.
B. Plasma oncotic pressure.
C. Cosm.
D. Plasma concentration of angiotensin II.
E. CH20.
A. PV
B. ISF
C. ICW
D. ECW
E. TBW
A. GFR
B. Urine flow
C. The hydrostatic pressure of tubular fluid
D. The oncotic pressure of tubular fluid
E. The oncotic pressure in glomerular capillaries
A. Water
B. Na+.
C. HCO3-
D. K+.
E. Glucose.
A. Na+/glucose symporter.
B. Na+/H+ antiporter
C. Na+/K+ ATPase.
D. Na+/K+/Cl- symporter.
E. Aldosterone-sensitive Na+ channels