Oral Epidemiology

The correct answer is "Surfaces" because DMFS is an acronym used in dentistry to represent the number of decayed, missing, and filled surfaces in a patient's mouth. This acronym is commonly used to assess and record the extent of dental caries and restorative treatments on different tooth surfaces.

Oral epidemiology is a field of study that focuses on understanding and analyzing the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of oral diseases and conditions in populations. It involves studying the patterns and trends of oral health issues, identifying risk factors, and developing strategies for prevention and control. By studying disease and health in populations, oral epidemiology helps in improving oral health outcomes and promoting overall well-being. Therefore, the given answer "True" is correct as it accurately reflects the nature and purpose of oral epidemiology.

The DMFT & S signifying irreversible decay suggests that the decay process being referred to is irreversible. This means that once the decay begins, it cannot be reversed or halted. Irreversible decay typically involves a gradual deterioration or breakdown of a substance or system, leading to permanent damage or loss of function. In the context of the question, the DMFT & S likely represent specific indicators or factors used to determine irreversible decay.

Recurrent caries refers to the decay that occurs around an existing dental filling. This means that the tooth has already been filled previously but has developed new decay around the filling. Therefore, recurrent caries falls under the category of "Decayed."

The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment (CPITN) is a method used to assess and classify periodontal conditions in a population. It divides the mouth into six sextants and evaluates the periodontal status of each sextant. Therefore, the statement that the CPITN measures teeth in sextants is correct.

The gingival index is a measure of inflammation and bleeding in the gums. It assesses the severity of gingivitis, which is characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums. By evaluating the presence and extent of these symptoms, the index provides an indication of the overall health of the gums. Therefore, it is true that the gingival index is measured by inflammation and bleeding on probing.

The "e" in the def index stands for indicated for extraction. Therefore, if a patient has teeth indicated for extraction for orthodontics, they are not included in this index.

The statement is true because intraexaminer or intrarater reliability refers to the consistency of findings or measurements made by one examiner over time. It assesses whether the same examiner can obtain similar results when measuring the same thing on different occasions. This type of reliability is important in research and clinical settings to ensure that measurements are consistent and dependable.

The statement is true because gingival indexes, which are used to measure the severity of gum disease, can be reversed just like the disease itself. This means that with proper oral hygiene and treatment, the inflammation and symptoms of gum disease can be reduced or eliminated, leading to a healthier gum tissue. The use of gingival indexes helps to track the progress of the disease and the effectiveness of the treatment.

The given statement is true. Morbidity refers to the rate or proportion of disease in a specific geographic area. It is a measure of the prevalence or occurrence of diseases within a population. By calculating morbidity rates, healthcare professionals and researchers can assess the burden of diseases and their impact on a particular area.

The statement is true because bleeding indexes typically use a binary system where a value of 0 represents no bleeding and a value of 1 represents bleeding. This system allows for a clear and simple way to categorize and measure the presence or absence of bleeding.

The DMF caries index is a method used to measure dental caries (decay), missing teeth, and filled teeth. In this index, only permanent teeth (excluding third molars) are considered. Therefore, 3rd molars are not included if they are decayed, missing, or filled.

The given statement is false. Mortality refers to the proportion of people who die from a disease within a population during a specific time period, not the proportion of people who live.

Mortality

The correct answer is Angle's. Angle's index is a measurement used to assess the degree of occlusion or misalignment of teeth. It evaluates the relationship between the upper and lower molars and can help determine the severity of malocclusion. This index is commonly used in orthodontics to diagnose and plan treatment for patients with occlusal problems.

The "M" in DMFT stands for "missing" because it refers to teeth that are indicated for extraction due to caries. In the DMFT index, which is used to measure dental caries prevalence, missing teeth are one of the components that are counted. This means that if a tooth is extracted due to caries, it is considered missing and included in the DMFT score.

A proportion that uses a standard denominator and includes a time interval is referred to as a rate. Rates are used to measure the frequency or occurrence of an event within a specific time period. They are often expressed as a ratio of the number of events per unit of time, such as 1,000, 10,000, or 100,000 per year.

Hypoplasia

Oral cancer cases are more commonly found in African Americans due to various reasons such as higher rates of tobacco and alcohol use, which are known risk factors for oral cancer. Additionally, African Americans may have genetic predispositions that make them more susceptible to developing oral cancer. Socioeconomic factors, limited access to healthcare, and disparities in oral health education and awareness may also contribute to the higher prevalence of oral cancer in this population.

The Root Caries Index would be the most appropriate index to use for a group of elderly patients in a nursing home. Root caries refers to decay that occurs on the roots of teeth, which is more common in older individuals who may have receding gums and exposed tooth roots. This index specifically measures the prevalence and severity of root caries, making it a suitable tool for assessing the oral health of elderly patients in a nursing home setting.

The Periodontal Screening and Recording Index uses the WHO probe to calculate scores. This index is a simple and efficient method used to assess periodontal health and screen for periodontal disease. The WHO probe is a standardized periodontal probe that is used to measure the depth of the periodontal pockets and record bleeding on probing. By using this probe, the Periodontal Screening and Recording Index can provide valuable information about the severity of periodontal disease and help in treatment planning.

An excellent score on the Plaque Index would be 0.5 because it indicates that only 50% of the tooth surface is covered with plaque. This means that the individual has good oral hygiene and is effectively removing plaque from their teeth. A lower score indicates better oral health and a lower risk of dental problems such as cavities and gum disease.

The statement is true because PHP (Plaque and Debris Index) is a method used by dental professionals to assess the amount of plaque and debris present on tooth surfaces. This index helps in evaluating oral hygiene and identifying areas that require improvement in oral care practices. By measuring the plaque and debris, dental professionals can provide appropriate recommendations for oral health maintenance and prevention of dental diseases.

When studying oral epidemiology, the focus is on understanding and analyzing diseases that affect the oral cavity. This includes studying the causes, transmission, and prevention of oral diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is "Disease" as it refers to the agent being studied in oral epidemiology.

Pitting occurs on the severe level of fluorosis. This means that when fluorosis reaches its most severe stage, it can cause pitting or the formation of small pits and cavities on the tooth enamel. This is a visible sign of severe fluorosis and can lead to significant damage to the teeth.

plaque and calculus

The correct answer is Loe and Silness. The GI Gingival Index is a method used to assess the severity of gingivitis in individuals. It was developed by Loe and Silness in 1963 and is widely used in dental research and clinical practice. The index measures the severity of gingival inflammation by assessing the presence of bleeding, color changes, and edema. It is a valuable tool for evaluating and monitoring the periodontal health of patients.

A 2.5 score on the Gingival Index indicates poor oral health. The Gingival Index is a tool used to assess the severity of gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums. A score of 2.5 suggests that there is significant inflammation, bleeding, and swelling of the gums, indicating poor oral hygiene and potential gum disease.

The answer "indicated for extraction" does not indicate an asterisk on WHO probing on the Periodontal Screening & Recording Index. The index is used to assess the periodontal health of an individual, and it includes indicators such as mobility, marked recession, and mucogingival involvement. However, the need for extraction is not directly related to the probing index and does not require an asterisk.

Root caries cannot fall under the Decayed portion of the DMFT index because the DMFT index specifically refers to decay in the permanent dentition, which does not include the roots of teeth. Root caries are a form of tooth decay that occur on the roots of teeth, typically in individuals with gum recession or exposed tooth roots. Therefore, root caries would be categorized separately from the Decayed portion of the DMFT index.

an epidemic

Does not detect risk factors

A Code 4 on the CPITN indicates 6mm+ pockets. This means that there is significant periodontal pocketing, which is a sign of advanced periodontal disease. A pocket depth of 6mm or more indicates that there is a loss of attachment between the gum and the tooth, allowing bacteria to accumulate deep below the gumline. This level of pocketing usually requires more extensive treatment and intervention to manage and prevent further damage to the teeth and gums.

Proportion

A score of 1 on the Gingival Index indicates good results. This means that the individual has minimal inflammation and bleeding in the gums, indicating good oral health.

The OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified) would be the most appropriate choice for doing a plaque index with debris for a group of preschool children. The OHI-S is specifically designed for assessing oral hygiene in young children and takes into account the presence of debris on the teeth. It provides a simplified scoring system that is easy to use and understand, making it suitable for preschool children who may not have developed the fine motor skills required for more complex assessments.

The correct answer is Moderate. Brown stain starts appearing on the teeth at the moderate level of Dean's Fluorosis. This indicates that the enamel of the teeth is significantly affected by the excessive intake of fluoride. At this stage, the teeth may also have white spots and pitting. It is important to address fluorosis at this level to prevent further damage to the teeth.

A Code 4 on the Periodontal Screening and Recording Index indicates that when probing the gums, the black color on the probe completely disappears. This suggests that there is no bleeding and no inflammation present in the gums, indicating a healthy periodontal condition.

A pandemic is

The Gingival Bleeding Index is the index that uses floss to calculate scores. This index measures the presence or absence of bleeding from the gingiva (gums) when dental floss is used. It is used to assess the health of the gums and determine the presence of gingival inflammation.

enamel is weak

The PI I Plaque Index is the most commonly used index to score plaque. This index measures the presence and amount of plaque on tooth surfaces and is widely used in dental research and clinical practice. It provides a standardized and objective way to assess plaque levels, allowing for accurate comparisons between individuals and groups. The other options mentioned, such as OHI-S Oral Hygiene Simplified, Turesky Modification of the Quigley Hein, and Plaque Control Record, may also be used to evaluate plaque, but they are not as commonly used as the PI I Plaque Index.

The Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index is used by the research center to measure the amount of calculus present on the 6 lower anterior teeth in patients using a tartar control toothpaste. This index specifically evaluates the extent and severity of calculus deposits on the teeth, providing a standardized measurement for research purposes.

The correct answer is Plaque Control Record (O'Leary's). This index is used to measure the effectiveness of plaque control at home with the help of disclosing solution or tablets. It assesses the amount of plaque present on the teeth and helps in evaluating the patient's oral hygiene performance. The index provides a quantitative measure of plaque control and helps in identifying areas where improvement is needed.

The Sulcus Bleeding Index is measured with bleeding on probing. This index is used to assess the severity of bleeding from the gingival sulcus or pocket upon gentle probing. It is a measure of gingival inflammation and can help in diagnosing and monitoring periodontal disease.

indicated for one to one patient education

The statement is false because there is no such thing as "Ramjford teeth." It is likely a misspelling or a made-up term. Therefore, Patient Hygiene Performance does not use the Ramjford teeth.

you don't calculate surfaces for deciduous teeth

debri and supragingival calculus

Pitting starts to occur at a TSIF level of 5.