Oral Epidemiology
IPFW Dental Public Health Oral Epidemiology
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What index does the research center use for patients using a tartar control toothpaste for 6 lower anterior teeth?
- A.
Navy Plaque Index
- B.
Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index
- C.
OHI-S
- D.
Turesky Modification of the Quigley Hein
Correct Answer
B. Volpe-Manhold Calculus IndexExplanation
The Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index is used by the research center to measure the amount of calculus present on the 6 lower anterior teeth in patients using a tartar control toothpaste. This index specifically evaluates the extent and severity of calculus deposits on the teeth, providing a standardized measurement for research purposes.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The "e" in the def index stands for indicated for extraction. If a patient has teeth indicated for extraction for orthodontics, are they included in this index?
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
Correct Answer
B. NoExplanation
The "e" in the def index stands for indicated for extraction. Therefore, if a patient has teeth indicated for extraction for orthodontics, they are not included in this index.Rate this question:
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- 3.
In the DMF caries index for teeth and tooth surfaces, are 3rd molars included if they are decayed, missing, or filled?
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
Correct Answer
B. NoExplanation
The DMF caries index is a method used to measure dental caries (decay), missing teeth, and filled teeth. In this index, only permanent teeth (excluding third molars) are considered. Therefore, 3rd molars are not included if they are decayed, missing, or filled.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What kind of decay is the DMFT & S signifying?
- A.
Irreversible decay
- B.
Reversible decay
Correct Answer
A. Irreversible decayExplanation
The DMFT & S signifying irreversible decay suggests that the decay process being referred to is irreversible. This means that once the decay begins, it cannot be reversed or halted. Irreversible decay typically involves a gradual deterioration or breakdown of a substance or system, leading to permanent damage or loss of function. In the context of the question, the DMFT & S likely represent specific indicators or factors used to determine irreversible decay.Rate this question:
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- 5.
If you were doing a plaque index with debri for a group of preschool children, which one would you use?
- A.
Def
- B.
Pl I
- C.
OHI-S
- D.
PHP
Correct Answer
C. OHI-SExplanation
The OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified) would be the most appropriate choice for doing a plaque index with debris for a group of preschool children. The OHI-S is specifically designed for assessing oral hygiene in young children and takes into account the presence of debris on the teeth. It provides a simplified scoring system that is easy to use and understand, making it suitable for preschool children who may not have developed the fine motor skills required for more complex assessments.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which index would you use for a group of elderly patients in a nursing home?
- A.
Plaque Index
- B.
Patient Hygiene Performance
- C.
Gingival Index
- D.
Root Caries Index
Correct Answer
D. Root Caries IndexExplanation
The Root Caries Index would be the most appropriate index to use for a group of elderly patients in a nursing home. Root caries refers to decay that occurs on the roots of teeth, which is more common in older individuals who may have receding gums and exposed tooth roots. This index specifically measures the prevalence and severity of root caries, making it a suitable tool for assessing the oral health of elderly patients in a nursing home setting.Rate this question:
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- 7.
An epidemic is a disease occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting a high proportion of the population.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
A pandemic isRate this question:
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- 8.
An endemic is an occurrence of disease clealy in excess of normal expectancy.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
an epidemicRate this question:
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- 9.
In measuring the reliability of a measurement, an intraexaminer or intrarater reliability is consistency of findings by one examiner with those previously recorded by the same examiner.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because intraexaminer or intrarater reliability refers to the consistency of findings or measurements made by one examiner over time. It assesses whether the same examiner can obtain similar results when measuring the same thing on different occasions. This type of reliability is important in research and clinical settings to ensure that measurements are consistent and dependable.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is a proportion that uses a standard denominator and includes a time interval (1,000, 10,000, or 100,000 per year)?
- A.
Rates
- B.
Counts
- C.
Proportions
- D.
Index
Correct Answer
A. RatesExplanation
A proportion that uses a standard denominator and includes a time interval is referred to as a rate. Rates are used to measure the frequency or occurrence of an event within a specific time period. They are often expressed as a ratio of the number of events per unit of time, such as 1,000, 10,000, or 100,000 per year.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Recurrent caries fall under which category?
- A.
Decayed
- B.
Missing
- C.
Filled
- D.
Indicated for Extraction
Correct Answer
A. DecayedExplanation
Recurrent caries refers to the decay that occurs around an existing dental filling. This means that the tooth has already been filled previously but has developed new decay around the filling. Therefore, recurrent caries falls under the category of "Decayed."Rate this question:
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- 12.
Root caries can fall under the Decayed portion of the DMFT index.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Root caries cannot fall under the Decayed portion of the DMFT index because the DMFT index specifically refers to decay in the permanent dentition, which does not include the roots of teeth. Root caries are a form of tooth decay that occur on the roots of teeth, typically in individuals with gum recession or exposed tooth roots. Therefore, root caries would be categorized separately from the Decayed portion of the DMFT index.Rate this question:
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- 13.
You have a 9 year old patient with a mixed dentition. Which index would you use to calculate decay?
- A.
DMFT and def combined
- B.
Def
- C.
Dmft
- D.
DMFS
Correct Answer
C. DmftExplanation
The dmft index is used to calculate decay in primary (baby) teeth. Since the patient in question has a mixed dentition, which means they have a combination of primary and permanent teeth, it is appropriate to use the dmft index to assess decay in their primary teeth. The dmft index records the number of decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth, providing a comprehensive measure of dental caries in this age group.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which index would you instruct your patient to use to calculate plaque control at home with disclosing solution or tablets?
- A.
Plaque Control Record (O'Leary's)
- B.
PI I
- C.
Patient Hygiene Performance
- D.
Plaque Free Score
Correct Answer
A. Plaque Control Record (O'Leary's)Explanation
The correct answer is Plaque Control Record (O'Leary's). This index is used to measure the effectiveness of plaque control at home with the help of disclosing solution or tablets. It assesses the amount of plaque present on the teeth and helps in evaluating the patient's oral hygiene performance. The index provides a quantitative measure of plaque control and helps in identifying areas where improvement is needed.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is the name of the index that measures occlusion?
- A.
O'Leary's
- B.
O'Sullivan's
- C.
Angle's
- D.
Dean's
Correct Answer
C. Angle'sExplanation
The correct answer is Angle's. Angle's index is a measurement used to assess the degree of occlusion or misalignment of teeth. It evaluates the relationship between the upper and lower molars and can help determine the severity of malocclusion. This index is commonly used in orthodontics to diagnose and plan treatment for patients with occlusal problems.Rate this question:
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- 16.
A 2.5 score on the Gingival Index indicates what?
- A.
Excellence
- B.
Good
- C.
Fair
- D.
Poor
Correct Answer
D. PoorExplanation
A 2.5 score on the Gingival Index indicates poor oral health. The Gingival Index is a tool used to assess the severity of gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums. A score of 2.5 suggests that there is significant inflammation, bleeding, and swelling of the gums, indicating poor oral hygiene and potential gum disease.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which index uses the WHO probe to calculate scores?
- A.
Turesky
- B.
Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index
- C.
Sulcus Bleeding Index
- D.
Periodontal Screening and Recording Index
Correct Answer
D. Periodontal Screening and Recording IndexExplanation
The Periodontal Screening and Recording Index uses the WHO probe to calculate scores. This index is a simple and efficient method used to assess periodontal health and screen for periodontal disease. The WHO probe is a standardized periodontal probe that is used to measure the depth of the periodontal pockets and record bleeding on probing. By using this probe, the Periodontal Screening and Recording Index can provide valuable information about the severity of periodontal disease and help in treatment planning.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which index uses floss to calculate scores?
- A.
Periodontal Screening and Recording
- B.
Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs
- C.
Gingival Bleeding Index
- D.
Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index
Correct Answer
C. Gingival Bleeding IndexExplanation
The Gingival Bleeding Index is the index that uses floss to calculate scores. This index measures the presence or absence of bleeding from the gingiva (gums) when dental floss is used. It is used to assess the health of the gums and determine the presence of gingival inflammation.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which index is measured with bleeding on probing?
- A.
Gingival Index
- B.
Sulcus Bleeding Index
- C.
Gingival Bleeding Index
- D.
Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index
Correct Answer
B. Sulcus Bleeding IndexExplanation
The Sulcus Bleeding Index is measured with bleeding on probing. This index is used to assess the severity of bleeding from the gingival sulcus or pocket upon gentle probing. It is a measure of gingival inflammation and can help in diagnosing and monitoring periodontal disease.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which one does not indicate an asterisk on WHO probing on the Periodontal Screening & Recording Index?
- A.
Indicated for extraction
- B.
Mobility
- C.
Marked recession
- D.
Mucogingival involvement
Correct Answer
A. Indicated for extractionExplanation
The answer "indicated for extraction" does not indicate an asterisk on WHO probing on the Periodontal Screening & Recording Index. The index is used to assess the periodontal health of an individual, and it includes indicators such as mobility, marked recession, and mucogingival involvement. However, the need for extraction is not directly related to the probing index and does not require an asterisk.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The gingival indexes are reversible, just like the disease itself.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because gingival indexes, which are used to measure the severity of gum disease, can be reversed just like the disease itself. This means that with proper oral hygiene and treatment, the inflammation and symptoms of gum disease can be reduced or eliminated, leading to a healthier gum tissue. The use of gingival indexes helps to track the progress of the disease and the effectiveness of the treatment.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What is the agent when studying oral epidemiology?
- A.
Host
- B.
Environment
- C.
Disease
- D.
Population
Correct Answer
C. DiseaseExplanation
When studying oral epidemiology, the focus is on understanding and analyzing diseases that affect the oral cavity. This includes studying the causes, transmission, and prevention of oral diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is "Disease" as it refers to the agent being studied in oral epidemiology.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Oral epidemiology is the study of disease and health in populations.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Oral epidemiology is a field of study that focuses on understanding and analyzing the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of oral diseases and conditions in populations. It involves studying the patterns and trends of oral health issues, identifying risk factors, and developing strategies for prevention and control. By studying disease and health in populations, oral epidemiology helps in improving oral health outcomes and promoting overall well-being. Therefore, the given answer "True" is correct as it accurately reflects the nature and purpose of oral epidemiology.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The Greek word "edemos" means what?
- A.
Native
- B.
Epidemiology
- C.
People
- D.
All
Correct Answer
A. NativeExplanation
The Greek word "edemos" means native.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Morbidity is the rate of disease or proportion of diseased persons in a geographic area.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The given statement is true. Morbidity refers to the rate or proportion of disease in a specific geographic area. It is a measure of the prevalence or occurrence of diseases within a population. By calculating morbidity rates, healthcare professionals and researchers can assess the burden of diseases and their impact on a particular area.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Mortality is the proportion of people who live from a disease to the population of a geographic area for a period of time.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The given statement is false. Mortality refers to the proportion of people who die from a disease within a population during a specific time period, not the proportion of people who live.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Morbidity is also known as the death rate in a population.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
MortalityRate this question:
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- 28.
A count is a percentage method to measure oral disease.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
ProportionRate this question:
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- 29.
Diagnosis of caries includes what criteria of measurement?
- A.
Lost of at least 5 mm of tooth structure at enamel surface
- B.
0.5mm
- C.
.005mm
- D.
.05mm
Correct Answer
D. .05mmExplanation
The diagnosis of caries includes the measurement criteria of at least 5 mm of lost tooth structure at the enamel surface. The given answer of .05mm does not meet this criteria and is therefore incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The "S" in DMFS stands for what?
- A.
Sealants
- B.
Surfaces
- C.
Sulcus Depth
- D.
Standard
Correct Answer
B. SurfacesExplanation
The correct answer is "Surfaces" because DMFS is an acronym used in dentistry to represent the number of decayed, missing, and filled surfaces in a patient's mouth. This acronym is commonly used to assess and record the extent of dental caries and restorative treatments on different tooth surfaces.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The "M" in DMFT stands for missing for what reason?
- A.
Congenitally missing teeth
- B.
Indicated for Extraction due to Caries
- C.
Indicated for Extraction for Ortho
- D.
Deciduous teeth exfoliated
Correct Answer
B. Indicated for Extraction due to CariesExplanation
The "M" in DMFT stands for "missing" because it refers to teeth that are indicated for extraction due to caries. In the DMFT index, which is used to measure dental caries prevalence, missing teeth are one of the components that are counted. This means that if a tooth is extracted due to caries, it is considered missing and included in the DMFT score.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Deciduous teeth indexes (def) can also be used to detect teeth and also surfaces with decay on deciduous teeth.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
you don't calculate surfaces for deciduous teethRate this question:
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- 33.
A DMFT & S index can calculate the indication of the # of teeth at risk for decay.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Does not detect risk factorsRate this question:
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- 34.
O'Leary's Plaque Index is good for calculating plaque accumulation for a group of people.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
indicated for one to one patient educationRate this question:
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- 35.
What is the MOST COMMONLY used index to score plaque?
- A.
OHI-S Oral Hygiene Simplified
- B.
PI I Plaque Index
- C.
Turesky Modification of the Quigley Hein
- D.
Plaque Control Record
Correct Answer
B. PI I Plaque IndexExplanation
The PI I Plaque Index is the most commonly used index to score plaque. This index measures the presence and amount of plaque on tooth surfaces and is widely used in dental research and clinical practice. It provides a standardized and objective way to assess plaque levels, allowing for accurate comparisons between individuals and groups. The other options mentioned, such as OHI-S Oral Hygiene Simplified, Turesky Modification of the Quigley Hein, and Plaque Control Record, may also be used to evaluate plaque, but they are not as commonly used as the PI I Plaque Index.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index Simplified) measures supra and subgingival calculus.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
debri and supragingival calculusRate this question:
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- 37.
How many surfaces are used in measuring the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index?
- A.
4
- B.
5
- C.
6
- D.
7
Correct Answer
C. 6Explanation
The correct answer is 6. This suggests that there are six surfaces used in measuring the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The PHP and OHI-S both use the 6 Ramjford teeth to calculate scores.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
use teeth 3, 8, 14, 19, 24, 30Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which index do you use disclosing solution on the patient, but do not rinse?
- A.
PHP
- B.
OHI-S
- C.
O'Leary's
- D.
Plaque Control Record
Correct Answer
A. PHPExplanation
PHP stands for Patient Hygiene Performance. It is an index that is used to disclose the presence of plaque on a patient's teeth. The purpose of disclosing solution is to stain the plaque so that it is more visible and easier to identify. After applying the disclosing solution, it is not necessary to rinse it off. By using PHP, dental professionals can assess the patient's oral hygiene performance and identify areas that require improvement in their oral care routine.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The OHI-S Simplified Oral Hygiene Index measures what?
- A.
Plaque and Debri on tooth surface
- B.
Thickness of Plaque on tooth surface
- C.
Presence of Plaque on tooth surface
- D.
Existing Plaque and Calculus on tooth surface
Correct Answer
D. Existing Plaque and Calculus on tooth surfaceExplanation
The OHI-S Simplified Oral Hygiene Index measures the existing plaque and calculus on the tooth surface. It evaluates the amount of plaque and calculus present, indicating the level of oral hygiene and the need for intervention or treatment.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The PHP measures plaque and debri on tooth surfaces.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because PHP (Plaque and Debris Index) is a method used by dental professionals to assess the amount of plaque and debris present on tooth surfaces. This index helps in evaluating oral hygiene and identifying areas that require improvement in oral care practices. By measuring the plaque and debris, dental professionals can provide appropriate recommendations for oral health maintenance and prevention of dental diseases.Rate this question:
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- 42.
The GI Gingival Index is also called what?
- A.
Loe and Silness
- B.
Volpe Manhold
- C.
O'Leary's
- D.
Eastman's
Correct Answer
A. Loe and SilnessExplanation
The correct answer is Loe and Silness. The GI Gingival Index is a method used to assess the severity of gingivitis in individuals. It was developed by Loe and Silness in 1963 and is widely used in dental research and clinical practice. The index measures the severity of gingival inflammation by assessing the presence of bleeding, color changes, and edema. It is a valuable tool for evaluating and monitoring the periodontal health of patients.Rate this question:
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- 43.
The gingival index is measured by inflammation and bleeding on probing.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The gingival index is a measure of inflammation and bleeding in the gums. It assesses the severity of gingivitis, which is characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums. By evaluating the presence and extent of these symptoms, the index provides an indication of the overall health of the gums. Therefore, it is true that the gingival index is measured by inflammation and bleeding on probing.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Bleeding indexes indicate a 0 for no bleeding and a 1 for bleeding.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because bleeding indexes typically use a binary system where a value of 0 represents no bleeding and a value of 1 represents bleeding. This system allows for a clear and simple way to categorize and measure the presence or absence of bleeding.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What are the Ramjford Teeth?
- A.
3, 8, 14, 19, 24, 30
- B.
2, 3, 14, 19, 24, 30
- C.
3, 9, 12, 19, 25, 28
- D.
3, 8, 12, 15, 30, 31
Correct Answer
C. 3, 9, 12, 19, 25, 28 -
- 46.
The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment needs measures teeth in sextants.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment (CPITN) is a method used to assess and classify periodontal conditions in a population. It divides the mouth into six sextants and evaluates the periodontal status of each sextant. Therefore, the statement that the CPITN measures teeth in sextants is correct.Rate this question:
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- 47.
The CPITN is the most common index used for periodontal screenings.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
LPA and CPIRate this question:
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- 48.
What is the most common index for plaque in clinical research trials?
- A.
Volpe Manhold
- B.
PI I
- C.
O'Leary's
- D.
Turesky Modification of the Quigley Hein
Correct Answer
D. Turesky Modification of the Quigley HeinExplanation
The Turesky Modification of the Quigley Hein index is the most common index for plaque in clinical research trials. This index is widely used to assess the amount of plaque on the teeth. It takes into account the presence of plaque on different surfaces of the teeth and assigns a score based on the extent of plaque accumulation. This index allows researchers to objectively measure and compare plaque levels in different study participants, making it a valuable tool in clinical research trials.Rate this question:
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- 49.
In dental fluorosis the enamel is strong, but discolored.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
enamel is weakRate this question:
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- 50.
Characteristics of dental fluorosis includes all of the following EXCEPT:
- A.
Opacities concentrated in center of tooth
- B.
Bilateral occurrences
- C.
Severity on posterior teeth
- D.
Usually near cusp tips
Correct Answer
A. Opacities concentrated in center of toothExplanation
Dental fluorosis is a condition caused by excessive fluoride intake during tooth development. It is characterized by the presence of white or brown opacities on the tooth enamel. These opacities are usually concentrated near the cusp tips, which are the pointed edges of the teeth. Dental fluorosis commonly occurs bilaterally, affecting corresponding teeth on both sides of the mouth. The severity of fluorosis is often more pronounced on the posterior teeth, which are the molars and premolars located towards the back of the mouth. Therefore, the only characteristic that is not associated with dental fluorosis is opacities concentrated in the center of the tooth.Rate this question:
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