Operating System (Set 1)

The organized collection of software that controls the overall operation of a computer is called an operating system. It manages computer hardware and software resources, provides common services for computer programs, and allows users to interact with the computer. It acts as an intermediary between the user and the computer hardware, making it possible to run applications and perform various tasks on the computer.

The operating system is responsible for managing all the hardware and software resources of a computer. It controls the boot process, which is the initial startup of the computer, and ensures that all necessary components and drivers are loaded into memory. Without an operating system, the computer would not be able to initiate the boot process and therefore cannot start up. The compiler, loader, and assembler are all software tools that are used during the development of programs, but they are not essential for the computer to boot up.

The correct answer is "a program in execution". This means that the process refers to a program that is currently running or being executed by the computer's processor. The other options do not accurately describe the concept of a process.

The part of machine level instruction that tells the central processor what has to be done is the operation code. The operation code specifies the specific operation or command that the processor needs to execute. It determines the type of operation, such as addition, subtraction, or comparison, that needs to be performed on the data. The operation code is essential for the processor to understand and carry out the desired task.

The command "DISKCOPY" would be used to duplicate the entire diskette while running DOS on a PC. This command allows for the creation of an identical copy of the diskette, including all files and data. It is commonly used for backup purposes or to create multiple copies of a diskette.

Booting is the correct answer because it refers to the process of starting up a computer and loading the necessary operating system files from the disk into the computer's memory. This process initializes the computer's hardware and software components, allowing the operating system to run and the user to interact with the computer.

MS-DOS is not a network operating system. It is a single-user, single-tasking operating system primarily used on personal computers. Unlike network operating systems such as Windows NT, Windows XP, and Linux, MS-DOS does not have built-in networking capabilities or the ability to manage and control network resources.

The correct answer is COPY. This command is used in MS-DOS to transfer a specific file from one disk to another. It creates a duplicate copy of the file on the destination disk while keeping the original file intact on the source disk. This command is helpful when you want to backup or move files between different disks or directories.

The correct answer is "Disk Operating System". DOS stands for Disk Operating System, which is a computer operating system that was widely used in the 1980s and early 1990s. It was primarily designed to manage and control the operations of a computer's disk storage, including reading and writing data to and from disks. DOS was commonly used on personal computers and was known for its command-line interface, where users had to type commands to perform various tasks.

During the boot process, the computer loads the internal command instructions into main memory. These instructions are essential for the computer to perform basic operations and functions. They are typically stored in the computer's firmware or BIOS. Loading these instructions into main memory allows the computer to execute commands and perform tasks as soon as it is booted up.

The correct answer is CUI (Character User Interface) because DOS (Disk Operating System) was primarily a command-line operating system that relied on text-based commands rather than graphical elements. It did not have a graphical user interface like modern operating systems, such as Windows or macOS. Instead, users interacted with DOS by typing commands and receiving text-based responses.

A loader is a system program that sets up an executable program in main memory ready for execution. It loads the necessary code and data from secondary storage into main memory, resolves any external references, and prepares the program for execution. The assembler is responsible for converting assembly language code into machine code. The linker is responsible for combining multiple object files into a single executable file. The compiler is responsible for translating high-level programming languages into machine code.

User-friendly systems are becoming more common because there is a growing emphasis on creating technology that is easy to use and accessible to a wide range of users. As technology advances, developers are focusing on creating intuitive interfaces, simplified workflows, and clear instructions to ensure that users can easily navigate and interact with systems. This trend is driven by the increasing demand for user-friendly products and services in various industries, including software development, web design, and mobile applications. Additionally, the rise of user-centered design approaches and user experience research has further contributed to the popularity of user-friendly systems.

A linking loader is a system program that combines the separately compiled modules of a program into a form suitable for execution. It takes the object code generated by the assembler and resolves any external references between modules, ensuring that all the necessary code and data are available for execution. The linking loader also assigns addresses to the different modules and resolves any conflicts or overlaps in memory allocation. Once the linking process is complete, the program is ready to be loaded into memory and executed.

EXIT is an internal DOS command. Internal commands are built-in commands that are stored in the command.com file and are loaded into memory when the computer starts. EXIT is used to exit the command prompt or terminate a batch file. It is not an external command that requires a separate executable file to be present in the system. Therefore, EXIT is the correct answer as it is an internal DOS command.