Modern Medical Terms Quiz

Explanation
The term "tire sign" refers to a specific type of injury pattern seen in cases of anal abuse. This pattern is characterized by circular or oval-shaped bruises or abrasions around the anus, resembling the tread pattern of a tire. It is a significant finding that can indicate non-consensual or forced anal penetration, suggesting a history of sexual abuse or assault.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Defective embryo." This means that the cause of abortion is a problem or abnormality with the embryo itself. It suggests that there may have been genetic or developmental issues with the embryo, leading to its inability to develop properly and resulting in abortion.

Explanation
Bone infarcts are seen in sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin molecules that cause red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped. These abnormal cells can block blood flow in small blood vessels, leading to tissue damage and infarction. Infarcts in the bone can cause bone pain, joint swelling, and limited range of motion. Other conditions listed, such as iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, and hereditary spherocytosis, do not typically result in bone infarcts.

Explanation
Henry's law states that the concentration of a gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. This means that as the pressure of the gas increases, more of it will dissolve in the liquid. Therefore, Henry's law is the correct answer as it specifically relates to the concentration of a dissolved gas in solution.

Explanation
Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by inhaling spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. It usually affects the lungs but can spread to other organs. The disease is commonly found in areas with bird or bat droppings, as the fungus grows in the soil enriched with these droppings. Symptoms of histoplasmosis can vary from mild flu-like symptoms to severe respiratory problems, and it can be life-threatening for individuals with weakened immune systems. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, and in severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Explanation
Amniotic fluid serves as a protective cushion for the developing fetus and helps in maintaining a stable environment. The volume of amniotic fluid gradually increases throughout pregnancy, reaching its maximum level at around 36 weeks. At this stage, the fetus is still growing and requires ample space for movement, and the amniotic fluid provides this space. After 36 weeks, the amniotic fluid volume may start to decrease as the baby's size increases and fills up the uterus, preparing for birth.

Explanation
Argon laser trabeculoplasty is a procedure used to treat open angle glaucoma. Open angle glaucoma is the most common form of glaucoma, characterized by a gradual increase in intraocular pressure due to a blockage in the drainage system of the eye. This procedure involves using a laser to target and treat the drainage system, improving the outflow of fluid and reducing intraocular pressure. It is not typically used for secondary glaucoma, angle recession glaucoma, or angle closure glaucoma, as these conditions have different underlying causes and require alternative treatment approaches.

Explanation
In Dugas clinical test, the patient is unable to touch the opposite shoulder. This indicates a positive test for shoulder instability or dislocation. The inability to perform this movement suggests a lack of range of motion and stability in the shoulder joint, which can be caused by various conditions such as rotator cuff tear, labral tear, or shoulder impingement. It is important to further evaluate and diagnose the underlying cause of this limitation in shoulder mobility.

Explanation
The correct answer is Supracardiac TAPVC. TAPVC stands for Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection, which is a congenital heart defect where the pulmonary veins do not connect normally to the left atrium. In Supracardiac TAPVC, the pulmonary veins drain into the superior vena cava, above the heart. This can be seen on the X-ray as an abnormal connection between the pulmonary veins and the superior vena cava.

Explanation
Osler is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Medicine" because of his significant contributions to the field. He revolutionized medical education by introducing bedside teaching and emphasizing the importance of clinical experience. He also established the first residency program for medical students. Osler's textbook, "The Principles and Practice of Medicine," became a standard reference for medical students and practitioners. His emphasis on evidence-based medicine and his approach to patient care greatly influenced the development of modern medical practice. Overall, Osler's contributions and influence in the field of medicine earned him the title of the "Father of Modern Medicine."