Medical Term Quiz Questions Part - 6

Explanation
Injury to the corpus striatum can lead to Chorea, which is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary, jerky movements of the limbs, face, and trunk. The corpus striatum is a part of the basal ganglia, which is involved in the control of movement. Damage to this area can disrupt the normal functioning of the basal ganglia, resulting in the uncontrolled and abnormal movements seen in Chorea.

Explanation
Tachycardia refers to a faster than normal heart rate. In the context of acute mountain sickness, the body experiences a decrease in oxygen levels due to the high altitude. As a compensatory mechanism, the heart beats faster to try and supply more oxygen to the body. Therefore, tachycardia is not a symptom of acute mountain sickness, but rather a physiological response to it. The other symptoms listed, such as headache, dyspnea (shortness of breath), and lightheadedness, are commonly associated with acute mountain sickness.

Explanation
Picket fence fever refers to the characteristic pattern of fever spikes seen in lateral sinus thrombosis. This condition occurs when a blood clot forms in the lateral sinus, a large vein located near the ear. As the clot obstructs blood flow, it leads to inflammation and infection, resulting in recurrent fevers that resemble the shape of a picket fence. Other symptoms of lateral sinus thrombosis may include headache, ear pain, swelling around the ear, and neurological deficits. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications such as brain abscess or meningitis.

Explanation
Sucralfate is a cytoprotective drug commonly used in the treatment of peptic ulcers. It works by forming a protective layer over the ulcer, which helps to prevent further damage and promotes healing. Unlike other medications like omeprazole, ranitidine, and magnesium hydroxide, sucralfate specifically targets the ulcer site and provides a physical barrier against stomach acid and other irritants. This mechanism of action makes sucralfate an effective choice for treating peptic ulcers and providing relief from symptoms.

Explanation
Reperfusion is the best line of management for a patient with ECG showing ST elevation and low blood pressure. Reperfusion refers to the restoration of blood flow to the affected area, which is crucial in cases of myocardial infarction (heart attack) where there is a blockage in the coronary arteries. Reperfusion can be achieved through various methods such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or thrombolytic therapy. By restoring blood flow, reperfusion helps to minimize the damage to the heart muscle and improve outcomes for the patient.

Explanation
Ekiri syndrome is a condition that is associated with infection caused by Shigella bacteria. Shigella is a type of bacteria that can cause severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. This condition is characterized by the presence of blood and mucus in the stool, along with symptoms such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Shigella is transmitted through contaminated food or water, and it is commonly associated with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is necessary to control the infection and prevent complications.

Explanation
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is an autoimmune condition that affects multiple systems in the body, including the eyes. Uveitis refers to inflammation of the uvea, which is the middle layer of the eye that includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. VKH syndrome is characterized by bilateral uveitis, along with other symptoms such as skin and hair changes, neurological symptoms, and auditory disturbances. Therefore, the correct answer is uveitis.

Explanation
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) should be avoided in asthma patients because they can trigger bronchospasm and worsen asthma symptoms. NSAIDs inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in maintaining normal lung function. In asthma patients, the inhibition of prostaglandins can lead to the constriction of airways and increased inflammation, resulting in breathing difficulties. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid NSAIDs in asthma patients to prevent exacerbation of their condition.

Explanation
After the insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD), the presence of a pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can be observed within 3 weeks. PID is an infection of the reproductive organs and can occur as a complication of IUD insertion. It is important to monitor for symptoms such as pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, and fever, and seek medical attention if any signs of PID develop.

Explanation
Empyema is the correct diagnosis because it refers to a condition where pus accumulates in the pleural cavity, the space between the lungs and the chest wall. This condition is usually caused by a bacterial infection, such as pneumonia, and can lead to symptoms like chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. Effusion, lung tumor, and pleural tumor are incorrect diagnoses as they do not specifically refer to the accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity.