Scid243 : L6 Quiz

Folic acid is the correct medication to be prescribed to a pregnant woman to prevent neural tube defects of the fetus. Folic acid is a B vitamin that is essential for the development of a healthy neural tube in the fetus. Neural tube defects can occur when the neural tube, which eventually forms the baby's brain and spinal cord, does not close properly. By taking folic acid supplements, the risk of neural tube defects can be significantly reduced.

Microcephaly is not a result of neural tube defects. Neural tube defects are structural abnormalities that occur during the development of the neural tube in the early stages of pregnancy. They can lead to conditions such as spina bifida, meningohydroencephalocele, and spinal bifida occulta. However, microcephaly is a separate condition characterized by an abnormally small head and brain size, usually due to abnormal brain development. It is not directly related to neural tube defects.

The correct answer is Metencephalon. The cerebellum is a part of the brain that is derived from the metencephalon, which is one of the subdivisions of the embryonic hindbrain. The metencephalon also gives rise to the pons, a structure located in the brainstem.

The incorrect statement is "Anterior neuropore closes after the closure of posterior neuropore." The correct sequence is that the anterior neuropore closes before the closure of the posterior neuropore during the development of the neural tube. The closure of the neuropores is a crucial step in the formation of the neural tube, which eventually gives rise to the brain and spinal cord.

Anterior horn cells in the spinal cord are not derivatives of the neural crest. The neural crest is a group of cells that originate from the ectoderm during embryonic development and give rise to various cell types and tissues, including the dorsal root ganglia, Schwann cells, and melanocytes. However, the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord are derived from the basal plate of the neural tube, not the neural crest. These cells are responsible for sending motor signals from the spinal cord to the muscles.

General somatic afferent neurons are not derived from the basal plate at medulla. The basal plate is responsible for the development of motor neurons, both branchiomotor and somatic motor neurons, as well as general visceral efferent neurons. General somatic afferent neurons, on the other hand, are derived from the alar plate.

The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland located in the brain. It is considered a derivative of the diencephalon, which is a part of the forebrain. The diencephalon plays a crucial role in various functions such as sensory relay, regulation of body temperature, and hormone secretion. The pineal gland is responsible for producing the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate sleep-wake cycles. Therefore, it is correct to say that the pineal gland is a derivative of the diencephalon.

The hypothalamus is not a derivative of the alar plate. The alar plate is one of the two primary divisions of the neural tube during development, and it gives rise to sensory structures in the brain. The basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebral cortex are all derivatives of the alar plate. The hypothalamus, on the other hand, develops from the floor plate of the neural tube. It plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, such as temperature, hunger, and hormone production.

The correct answer is Telencephalon. The basal ganglia is a group of nuclei located deep within the brain. It is derived from the telencephalon, which is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as sensory perception, motor coordination, and learning. The basal ganglia plays a crucial role in motor control and is involved in the regulation of voluntary movement.

At birth, the caudal end of the spinal cord is located at the lower border of L3. This means that the spinal cord extends from the brain down to the lower border of the third lumbar vertebra.