Latihan Soal Ukk IPA Tahun 2013-2014

1. Lup yang kekuatan lensanya 20 dioptri digunakan dengan mata berakomodasi minimum. Perbesaran bayangannya adalah ....

5 kali

6 kali

8 kali

10 kali

The given question is asking about the magnification of the image formed by a lens with a power of 20 diopters when the eye is at its minimum accommodation. The correct answer is "5 kali" which means "5 times" in English. This means that the image formed by the lens appears 5 times larger than the actual object.

Explanation

The given question is asking about the magnification of the image formed by a lens with a power of 20 diopters when the eye is at its minimum accommodation. The correct answer is "5 kali" which means "5 times" in English. This means that the image formed by the lens appears 5 times larger than the actual object.

2. Perhatikan grafik simpangan gelombang terhadap waktu dibawah ini! Berikut pernyataan tentang gelombang tersebut :

Amplitudonya 10 cm
Panjang gelombangnya 250 cm
Cepat rambat gelombangnya 1 m/s
Frekuensinya 0,5 Hz

Jika jarak AB = 350 cm, maka pernyataan yang benar tentang gelombang diatas adalah... .

1, 2, dan 3

1, 3, dan 4

2, 3, dan 4

1, 2, 3, dan 4

The correct answer is 1, 3, and 4.

1. The amplitude of the wave is given as 10 cm. This indicates the maximum displacement of the particles in the medium from their equilibrium position.

3. The wave speed is given as 1 m/s. This represents how fast the wave is propagating through the medium.

4. The frequency is given as 0.5 Hz. This represents the number of complete oscillations or cycles of the wave that occur in one second.

Therefore, the correct statements about the wave are that its amplitude is 10 cm, its wave speed is 1 m/s, and its frequency is 0.5 Hz.

Explanation

The correct answer is 1, 3, and 4.

1. The amplitude of the wave is given as 10 cm. This indicates the maximum displacement of the particles in the medium from their equilibrium position.

3. The wave speed is given as 1 m/s. This represents how fast the wave is propagating through the medium.

4. The frequency is given as 0.5 Hz. This represents the number of complete oscillations or cycles of the wave that occur in one second.

Therefore, the correct statements about the wave are that its amplitude is 10 cm, its wave speed is 1 m/s, and its frequency is 0.5 Hz.

3. Untuk mendeteksi jarak batu karang, sebuah kapal selam mengirimkan sinyal seperti terlihat pada gambar.

Setelah 1,5 detik ,sinyal diterima kembali oleh kapal. Jika cepat rambat bunyi dalam air laut 1400 m/s, maka jarak kapal selam terhadap batu karang adalah... .

700 m

1050 m

1400 m

2100 m

The correct answer is 1050 m. The speed of sound in water is given as 1400 m/s. The time it takes for the signal to be sent and received is 1.5 seconds. To calculate the distance, we use the formula: distance = speed x time. Plugging in the values, we get: distance = 1400 m/s x 1.5 s = 2100 m. Therefore, the distance between the submarine and the coral reef is 2100 m.

Explanation

The correct answer is 1050 m. The speed of sound in water is given as 1400 m/s. The time it takes for the signal to be sent and received is 1.5 seconds. To calculate the distance, we use the formula: distance = speed x time. Plugging in the values, we get: distance = 1400 m/s x 1.5 s = 2100 m. Therefore, the distance between the submarine and the coral reef is 2100 m.

4. Cepat rambat cahaya di udara 3 x 10⁸ m/s. Jika cepat rambat cahaya di dalam suatu medium 12 x 10⁷ m/s, maka index bias medium itu adalah ....

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,6

The index of refraction of a medium is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in that medium. In this question, the speed of light in air is given as 3 x 10^8 m/s and the speed of light in the medium is given as 12 x 10^7 m/s. To find the index of refraction, we divide the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light in the medium: (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (12 x 10^7 m/s) = 2.5. Therefore, the index of refraction of the medium is 2.5.

Explanation

The index of refraction of a medium is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in that medium. In this question, the speed of light in air is given as 3 x 10^8 m/s and the speed of light in the medium is given as 12 x 10^7 m/s. To find the index of refraction, we divide the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light in the medium: (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (12 x 10^7 m/s) = 2.5. Therefore, the index of refraction of the medium is 2.5.

5. Perhatikan gambar di samping !

Alat kelamin betina pada bunga ditunjukkan oleh huruf... .

P

Q

R

S

The correct answer is Q. The question is asking for the letter that represents the female reproductive organ in a flower. In flowers, the female reproductive organ is called the pistil, and it is made up of three parts: the stigma, style, and ovary. The letter Q is commonly used to represent the pistil in diagrams or illustrations of flowers.

Explanation

The correct answer is Q. The question is asking for the letter that represents the female reproductive organ in a flower. In flowers, the female reproductive organ is called the pistil, and it is made up of three parts: the stigma, style, and ovary. The letter Q is commonly used to represent the pistil in diagrams or illustrations of flowers.

6. Perhatikan gambar bagian dasar dari bunga angiospermae, berikut!

Endosperm akan terbentuk dari... .

1 dan 8

1 dan 6

1 dan 5

2 dan 7

Endosperm terbentuk dari gabungan antara inti sel sperma (nomor 2) dengan dua inti sel pusat (nomor 7). Hal ini terjadi melalui proses fertilisasi ganda pada angiospermae, di mana inti sel sperma menyatukan diri dengan inti sel pusat yang menghasilkan endosperm.

Explanation

Endosperm terbentuk dari gabungan antara inti sel sperma (nomor 2) dengan dua inti sel pusat (nomor 7). Hal ini terjadi melalui proses fertilisasi ganda pada angiospermae, di mana inti sel sperma menyatukan diri dengan inti sel pusat yang menghasilkan endosperm.

7. Seorang siswa mempelajari pengaruh suhu pada tanaman air Elodea. Ia menghitung jumlah gelembung oksigen yang dilepaskan oleh tanaman Elodea dalam gelas air yang beri cahaya sampai waktu tertentu. Pernyataan yang paling tepat untuk menjelaskan hasil penelitian berdasarkan grafik dibawah ini adalah?

Seiring dengan peningkatan suhu, laju fotosintesis terus meningkat.

Seiring dengan peningkatan suhu, laju respirasi selular terus meningkat.

Laju fotosintesis meningkat hingga suhu 30 ° C dan kemudian menurun.

Laju respirasi meningkat hingga suhu 30 ° C dan kemudian menurun.

The correct answer is "laju fotosintesis meningkat hingga suhu 30 ° C dan kemudian menurun." This can be inferred from the graph provided, which shows that the rate of photosynthesis increases up to a temperature of 30 °C and then decreases. This suggests that there is an optimal temperature range for photosynthesis, beyond which the rate decreases.

Explanation

The correct answer is "laju fotosintesis meningkat hingga suhu 30 ° C dan kemudian menurun." This can be inferred from the graph provided, which shows that the rate of photosynthesis increases up to a temperature of 30 °C and then decreases. This suggests that there is an optimal temperature range for photosynthesis, beyond which the rate decreases.

8. Perhatikan gambar pegas dibawah ini.

Jika pegas bergerak dari K – L – M memerlukan waktu 0,4 sekon dan jarak K – L – M adalah 10 cm. Frekuensi dan amplitudo pegas tersebut adalah... .

1,25 Hz dan 10 cm

0,8 Hz dan 10 cm

1,25 Hz dan 5 cm

2,5 Hz dan 5 cm

The correct answer is 1,25 Hz dan 5 cm. The frequency of a wave is defined as the number of complete cycles of the wave that occur in one second. In this case, the pegas moves from K to L to M in 0,4 seconds. Therefore, the time for one complete cycle is 0,4 seconds. To find the frequency, we can take the reciprocal of the time for one cycle, which is 1/0,4 = 2,5 Hz. The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position. In this case, the distance from K to M is 10 cm, so the amplitude is 5 cm.

Explanation

The correct answer is 1,25 Hz dan 5 cm. The frequency of a wave is defined as the number of complete cycles of the wave that occur in one second. In this case, the pegas moves from K to L to M in 0,4 seconds. Therefore, the time for one complete cycle is 0,4 seconds. To find the frequency, we can take the reciprocal of the time for one cycle, which is 1/0,4 = 2,5 Hz. The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position. In this case, the distance from K to M is 10 cm, so the amplitude is 5 cm.

9. Perhatikan gambar gerak tumbuhan dibawah ini !

Gerak tumbuhan tersebut adalah gerak… .

Geotropism

Fototropisme

Hidrotropisme

Tigmotropisme

The correct answer is tigmotropisme. Tigmotropisme is the directional growth of a plant in response to touch or mechanical stimuli. In the given image, the plant is shown bending or curving in response to contact with an object, indicating tigmotropism. This type of movement allows plants to respond and adapt to their environment, helping them to anchor themselves and avoid obstacles.

Explanation

The correct answer is tigmotropisme. Tigmotropisme is the directional growth of a plant in response to touch or mechanical stimuli. In the given image, the plant is shown bending or curving in response to contact with an object, indicating tigmotropism. This type of movement allows plants to respond and adapt to their environment, helping them to anchor themselves and avoid obstacles.

10. Sebuah benda setinggi 8 cm diletakkan 10 cm di depan sebuah lensa cekung yang jarak fokusnya 6 cm. Tinggi bayangan yang dibentuk lensa adalah… .

5 cm

4 cm

3 cm

2 cm

When an object is placed in front of a converging lens, a real and inverted image is formed. The height of the image can be determined using the lens formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u, where f is the focal length of the lens, v is the image distance, and u is the object distance. In this case, the object distance is 10 cm and the focal length is 6 cm. Plugging these values into the lens formula, we can solve for v. The calculated value of v is 18 cm. Since the image is real and inverted, the height of the image is the same as the height of the object, which is 8 cm. Therefore, the correct answer is 3 cm.

Explanation

When an object is placed in front of a converging lens, a real and inverted image is formed. The height of the image can be determined using the lens formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u, where f is the focal length of the lens, v is the image distance, and u is the object distance. In this case, the object distance is 10 cm and the focal length is 6 cm. Plugging these values into the lens formula, we can solve for v. The calculated value of v is 18 cm. Since the image is real and inverted, the height of the image is the same as the height of the object, which is 8 cm. Therefore, the correct answer is 3 cm.

11. Perhatikan gambar percobaan fotosintesis berikut ini!

Setelah dilakukan penetesan yodium sebagaimana pada gambar 6, maka daun nomor 1 berwarna hijau dengan bintik-bintik biru kehitaman dan daun nomor 2 berwarna hijau. Dari hasil percobaan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa fotosintesis... .

Menghasilkan amilum.

Memerlukan alkohol.

Memerlukan oksigen.

Menghasilkan karbondioksida.

The correct answer is "menghasilkan amilum." Based on the observation that leaf number 1 turns green with dark blue spots after the addition of iodine, it indicates the presence of starch in the leaf. Starch is a product of photosynthesis, where plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and then store it as starch. Therefore, the result of the experiment suggests that photosynthesis produces starch.

Explanation

The correct answer is "menghasilkan amilum." Based on the observation that leaf number 1 turns green with dark blue spots after the addition of iodine, it indicates the presence of starch in the leaf. Starch is a product of photosynthesis, where plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and then store it as starch. Therefore, the result of the experiment suggests that photosynthesis produces starch.

12. Penyebab penyakit mozaik pada tanaman tenbakau dengan gejala pertumbuhan terhambat dan daun bercak – bercak adalah... .

Virus TMV

Virus CLV

Virus CVPD

Virus CMV

The correct answer is virus TMV because tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is known to cause mosaic disease in tobacco plants. This viral infection results in stunted growth and the appearance of mottled spots or patches on the leaves. TMV is one of the most common viruses affecting tobacco plants and can cause significant damage to crops.

Explanation

The correct answer is virus TMV because tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is known to cause mosaic disease in tobacco plants. This viral infection results in stunted growth and the appearance of mottled spots or patches on the leaves. TMV is one of the most common viruses affecting tobacco plants and can cause significant damage to crops.

13. Data komposisi pada kemasan makanan : Tepung terigu, tepung tapioka, minyak sayur, perisa ayam, rempah-rempah, pemantap nabati, tartrazin Cl 19140, monosodium glutamate, asam folat, garam gula, dan bubuk cabe. Bahan peyedap sintetis yang terdapat pada makanan tersebut adalah... .

Monosodium glutamat

Tartrazin Cl 19140

Pemantap nabati

Rempah-rempah

The correct answer is monosodium glutamat. Monosodium glutamate is a synthetic flavor enhancer commonly used in processed foods to enhance the taste. It is a sodium salt of glutamic acid, an amino acid found naturally in foods like tomatoes and cheese. Monosodium glutamate is known for its umami taste, which adds a savory and meaty flavor to food. In the given list of ingredients, monosodium glutamate is the only synthetic flavor enhancer mentioned, making it the correct answer.

Explanation

The correct answer is monosodium glutamat. Monosodium glutamate is a synthetic flavor enhancer commonly used in processed foods to enhance the taste. It is a sodium salt of glutamic acid, an amino acid found naturally in foods like tomatoes and cheese. Monosodium glutamate is known for its umami taste, which adds a savory and meaty flavor to food. In the given list of ingredients, monosodium glutamate is the only synthetic flavor enhancer mentioned, making it the correct answer.

14. Seorang yang memiliki lensa mata terlalu pipih, sehingga kesulitan melihat benda yang dekat maka dapat di bantu dengan kacamata ... .

Cembung

Cekung

Bifokal

Silinder

Jika seseorang memiliki lensa mata yang terlalu pipih, maka mereka akan kesulitan melihat benda yang dekat. Lensa cembung memiliki permukaan yang melengkung ke luar sehingga dapat membantu memfokuskan cahaya lebih dekat ke mata. Oleh karena itu, menggunakan kacamata dengan lensa cembung dapat membantu orang tersebut melihat benda yang dekat dengan lebih jelas.

Explanation

Jika seseorang memiliki lensa mata yang terlalu pipih, maka mereka akan kesulitan melihat benda yang dekat. Lensa cembung memiliki permukaan yang melengkung ke luar sehingga dapat membantu memfokuskan cahaya lebih dekat ke mata. Oleh karena itu, menggunakan kacamata dengan lensa cembung dapat membantu orang tersebut melihat benda yang dekat dengan lebih jelas.

15. Sebuah bandul dalam waktu 2 menit mengalami 240 getaran. Berikut adalah pernyataan tentang getaran bandul tersebut :

Frekuensi dari bandul tersebut adalah 120 Hz
Periode dari bandul tersebut adalah 0,5 sekon
Dalam satu detik bandul bergetar 2 getaran
Untuk satu getaran bandul memerlukan waktu 2,5 sekon

Dari beberapa pernyataan diatas, manakah pernyataan yang benar tentang gerakan bandul ?

1 dan 2

2 dan 3

2 dan 4

3 dan 4

Pernyataan 2 yang menyatakan bahwa periode bandul tersebut adalah 0,5 detik adalah benar karena periode adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh bandul untuk melakukan satu getaran penuh. Pernyataan 3 yang menyatakan bahwa dalam satu detik bandul bergetar 2 kali juga benar karena frekuensi adalah jumlah getaran dalam satu detik. Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang benar adalah 2 dan 3.

Explanation

Pernyataan 2 yang menyatakan bahwa periode bandul tersebut adalah 0,5 detik adalah benar karena periode adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh bandul untuk melakukan satu getaran penuh. Pernyataan 3 yang menyatakan bahwa dalam satu detik bandul bergetar 2 kali juga benar karena frekuensi adalah jumlah getaran dalam satu detik. Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang benar adalah 2 dan 3.

16. Bayangan akhir yang dibentuk oleh sebuah mikroskop adalah… .

Nyata, terbalik, diperbesar

Nyata, tegak, diperbesar

Maya, terbalik, diperbesar

Maya, tegak, diperbesar

The correct answer is "maya, terbalik, diperbesar." When light passes through a microscope, it forms an inverted image that is magnified. This means that the image formed is virtual (maya), meaning it cannot be projected onto a screen. Additionally, the image formed is upside down (terbalik) compared to the actual object being observed. Lastly, the image formed is larger (diperbesar) than the actual object, allowing for better visualization and examination.

Explanation

The correct answer is "maya, terbalik, diperbesar." When light passes through a microscope, it forms an inverted image that is magnified. This means that the image formed is virtual (maya), meaning it cannot be projected onto a screen. Additionally, the image formed is upside down (terbalik) compared to the actual object being observed. Lastly, the image formed is larger (diperbesar) than the actual object, allowing for better visualization and examination.

17. Perhatikan gambar berikut!

Nama bagian no.3 dan fungsinya adalah… .

Epidermis: melindungi jaringan di bawahnya

Kambium: membentuk kulit ke luar dan kayu ke dalam

Floem : mengangkut hasil fotosintesis dari daun

Xilem: mengangkut air ke daun

The correct answer is Floem: mengangkut hasil fotosintesis dari daun. The explanation is that the function of the floem is to transport the products of photosynthesis, such as sugars and other organic compounds, from the leaves to other parts of the plant. This transportation allows for the distribution of nutrients and energy throughout the plant, supporting its growth and development.

Explanation

The correct answer is Floem: mengangkut hasil fotosintesis dari daun. The explanation is that the function of the floem is to transport the products of photosynthesis, such as sugars and other organic compounds, from the leaves to other parts of the plant. This transportation allows for the distribution of nutrients and energy throughout the plant, supporting its growth and development.

18. Perhatikan bentuk gelombang slinki berikut.

Sebuah slinki yang diberi usikan membentuk gelombang longitudinal yang terdiri dari 2 renggangan dan 1 rapatan. Berapakah cepat rambat gelombang tersebut ?

15 cm/s

30 cm/s

45 cm/s

50 cm/s

The correct answer is 50 cm/s. This is because the slinky wave is described as having 2 compressions (rapatan) and 1 rarefaction (renggangan). The speed of a wave is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken. Since the wave is described as having 2 compressions and 1 rarefaction, it means that the wave travels a distance of 3 wavelengths in one second. Therefore, the speed of the wave is 3 times the wavelength, which is 50 cm/s.

Explanation

The correct answer is 50 cm/s. This is because the slinky wave is described as having 2 compressions (rapatan) and 1 rarefaction (renggangan). The speed of a wave is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken. Since the wave is described as having 2 compressions and 1 rarefaction, it means that the wave travels a distance of 3 wavelengths in one second. Therefore, the speed of the wave is 3 times the wavelength, which is 50 cm/s.

19. Perhatikan gambar penampang daun berikut!

Bagian yang ditunjuk dengan nomor 8 berfungsi untuk… .

Mengangkut hasil fotosintesis

Melindungi jaringan yang di bawahnya

Mengangkut air yang masuk dari batang

Melakukan fotosistesis

Bagian yang ditunjuk dengan nomor 8 berfungsi untuk melakukan fotosistesis.

Explanation

Bagian yang ditunjuk dengan nomor 8 berfungsi untuk melakukan fotosistesis.

20. Saat cuaca mendung seorang anak mendengar bunyi guntur 1,5 detik setelah terlihat kilat. Jika cepat rambat bunyi di udara adalah 320 m/s, berapakah jarak sumber petir dari anak tersebut?

640 m

480 m

320 m

240 m

The sound of thunder is heard 1.5 seconds after seeing the lightning. Since the speed of sound in the air is 320 m/s, we can calculate the distance by multiplying the speed of sound by the time it takes for the sound to reach the observer. Therefore, the distance from the lightning source to the child is 320 m/s * 1.5 s = 480 m.

Explanation

The sound of thunder is heard 1.5 seconds after seeing the lightning. Since the speed of sound in the air is 320 m/s, we can calculate the distance by multiplying the speed of sound by the time it takes for the sound to reach the observer. Therefore, the distance from the lightning source to the child is 320 m/s * 1.5 s = 480 m.

21. Perhatikan gambar berikut.

Jika waktu yang diperlukan untuk menempuh jarak dari a ke d adalah 3 detik, panjang gelombang dan cepat rambat gelombang di atas adalah ....

3 m dan 0,5 m/s

3 m dan 0,75 m/s

1,5 m dan 0,5 m/s

1,5 m dan 0,75 m/s

Based on the given information, the time taken to travel from point A to point D is 3 seconds. This information can be used to calculate the wavelength (λ) and the wave speed (v). The formula to calculate the wave speed is v = λ / T, where T is the time taken. Rearranging the formula, we get λ = v * T. Substituting the values given, we have λ = 0.75 m/s * 3 s = 2.25 m. Therefore, the correct answer is 1.5 m and 0.75 m/s, which matches the calculated wavelength and wave speed.

Explanation

Based on the given information, the time taken to travel from point A to point D is 3 seconds. This information can be used to calculate the wavelength (λ) and the wave speed (v). The formula to calculate the wave speed is v = λ / T, where T is the time taken. Rearranging the formula, we get λ = v * T. Substituting the values given, we have λ = 0.75 m/s * 3 s = 2.25 m. Therefore, the correct answer is 1.5 m and 0.75 m/s, which matches the calculated wavelength and wave speed.

22. Perhatikan gambar salah satu jenis Leguminaceae berikut!

Apabila intensitas cahaya lemah (malam hari) maka respon yang dilakukan oleh tumbuhan tersebut adalah... .

Mekar bagian mahkota bunga

Menutupnya daun majemuk

Memecahkan polong biji

Menutup bagian kelopak bunga

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

23. Bila sudut yang dibentuk antara dua cermin datar 30 derajat, berapakah jumlah bayangan yang terbentuk ....

5

7

9

11

If the angle formed between two flat mirrors is 30 degrees, the number of images formed can be determined using the formula: (360 degrees/angle between mirrors) - 1. In this case, (360/30) - 1 = 11. Therefore, there will be a total of 11 images formed.

Explanation

If the angle formed between two flat mirrors is 30 degrees, the number of images formed can be determined using the formula: (360 degrees/angle between mirrors) - 1. In this case, (360/30) - 1 = 11. Therefore, there will be a total of 11 images formed.

24. Pernyataan tentang fotosintesis dan respirasi yang benar di bawah ini adalah... .

A

B

C

D

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

25. Perhatikan gambar di bawah ini.

Perhatikan gambar di atas. Perbesaran bayangan yang terjadi adalah... .

6 kali

4 kali

3 kali

2 kali

The correct answer is "2 kali". The explanation for this is that the image shows a magnification of 2 times. This means that the size of the shadow is twice as large as the original object.

Explanation

The correct answer is "2 kali". The explanation for this is that the image shows a magnification of 2 times. This means that the size of the shadow is twice as large as the original object.

26. Berdasarkan gambar berikut, pola pembiasan yang benar adalah … .

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

27. Gambar di bawah ini menunjukkan dua biji jagung yang berkecambah dan ditempatkan dalam botol yang sama. Kedua botol tersebut diletakkan pada tempat gelap. Botol A akan diputar 90 derajat setiap hari selama 6 hari. Botol B tidak akan diputar. Pernyataan yang sesuai untuk percobaan ini adalah ?

Jumlah cahaya yang diterima mempengaruhi jumlah klorofil.

Air diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan tanaman.

Gravitasi mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman.

Enzim mempengaruhi pertumbuhan biji .

The correct answer is "Gravitasi mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman" (Gravity affects plant growth). This is because the experiment involves rotating one bottle of germinated corn seeds (Botol A) by 90 degrees every day for 6 days, while the other bottle (Botol B) is left undisturbed. By rotating Botol A, the force of gravity is constantly changing its direction, which can affect the growth of the plants. This experiment is conducted to observe the effect of gravity on plant growth.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Gravitasi mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman" (Gravity affects plant growth). This is because the experiment involves rotating one bottle of germinated corn seeds (Botol A) by 90 degrees every day for 6 days, while the other bottle (Botol B) is left undisturbed. By rotating Botol A, the force of gravity is constantly changing its direction, which can affect the growth of the plants. This experiment is conducted to observe the effect of gravity on plant growth.

28. Benda terletak di depan lensa cembung tampak seperti gambar.

Jika tinggi benda sebesar 8 cm, maka tinggi bayangannya sebesar ….

2 cm

4 cm

16 cm

32 cm

When an object is placed in front of a convex lens, the image formed is virtual, erect, and diminished in size. The height of the image is determined by the magnification formula, which states that the height of the image is equal to the height of the object multiplied by the magnification factor. In this case, since the object's height is 8 cm and the magnification factor is less than 1 (due to the image being diminished), the height of the image will be less than 8 cm. The only option that satisfies this condition is 4 cm.

Explanation

When an object is placed in front of a convex lens, the image formed is virtual, erect, and diminished in size. The height of the image is determined by the magnification formula, which states that the height of the image is equal to the height of the object multiplied by the magnification factor. In this case, since the object's height is 8 cm and the magnification factor is less than 1 (due to the image being diminished), the height of the image will be less than 8 cm. The only option that satisfies this condition is 4 cm.

29. Menutupnya stomata disebabkan oleh… .

Sel penutup kehilangan oksigen karena osmosis

Sel penutup kehilangan oksigen karena difusi

Sel penutup kehilangan air karena osmosis

Sel penutup kehiangan air karena difusi

The correct answer is "Sel penutup kehilangan air karena osmosis" which translates to "The guard cells lose water due to osmosis." Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange, including the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen. The opening and closing of stomata is controlled by the guard cells, which surround the stomatal pore. When the guard cells lose water, they become flaccid and the stomatal pore closes. This loss of water by the guard cells occurs through osmosis, where water moves from an area of higher concentration (inside the guard cells) to an area of lower concentration (outside the guard cells).

Explanation

The correct answer is "Sel penutup kehilangan air karena osmosis" which translates to "The guard cells lose water due to osmosis." Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange, including the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen. The opening and closing of stomata is controlled by the guard cells, which surround the stomatal pore. When the guard cells lose water, they become flaccid and the stomatal pore closes. This loss of water by the guard cells occurs through osmosis, where water moves from an area of higher concentration (inside the guard cells) to an area of lower concentration (outside the guard cells).

30. Sebuah benda berada di depan lensa cembung seperti pada gambar.

Jika jarak fokus lensa 30 cm maka akan dihasilkan bayangan benda dengan perbesaran… .

3 kali

2 kali

1,5 kali

0,5 kali

Jika sebuah benda berada di depan lensa cembung dengan jarak fokus 30 cm, maka akan dihasilkan bayangan benda dengan perbesaran 3 kali. Ini berarti bahwa ukuran bayangan akan tiga kali lebih besar daripada ukuran benda aslinya. Ini terjadi karena lensa cembung memiliki sifat memperbesar objek yang berada di depannya.

Explanation

Jika sebuah benda berada di depan lensa cembung dengan jarak fokus 30 cm, maka akan dihasilkan bayangan benda dengan perbesaran 3 kali. Ini berarti bahwa ukuran bayangan akan tiga kali lebih besar daripada ukuran benda aslinya. Ini terjadi karena lensa cembung memiliki sifat memperbesar objek yang berada di depannya.

31. Perhatikan tabel hasil percobaan Sachs di bawah ini :

No	Perlakuan	Warna daun setelah ditetesi lugol
1.	Daun ditutup aluminium foil dan dipanaskan pada cahaya matahari	Coklat
2.	Daun tidak ditutup aluminium foil dan dipanaskan pada cahaya matahari	Biru tua

Dari tabel di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa... .

Bagian daun yang ditutup aluminium foil terjadi fotosintesis dengan lancar

Bagian daun yang tidak ditutup aluminium foil terjadi fotosintesis dengan lancar

Bagian daun yang tidak ditutup aluminium foil tidak terjadi fotosintesis

Bagian daun yang tidak ditutup dan ditutup aluminium foil tidak terjadi fotosintesis

The correct answer is "bagian daun yang tidak ditutup aluminium foil terjadi fotosintesis dengan lancar" because the table shows that the leaves that were not covered with aluminum foil turned dark blue, indicating the presence of starch, which is a product of photosynthesis. This suggests that photosynthesis occurred in the leaves that were exposed to sunlight.

Explanation

The correct answer is "bagian daun yang tidak ditutup aluminium foil terjadi fotosintesis dengan lancar" because the table shows that the leaves that were not covered with aluminum foil turned dark blue, indicating the presence of starch, which is a product of photosynthesis. This suggests that photosynthesis occurred in the leaves that were exposed to sunlight.

32. Fungsi kacamata bagi mata miopi (rabun jauh) adalah... .

Mengkonvergenkan sinar sejajar agar lensa mata dapat memfokuskannya di retina mata

Mengkonvergenkan sinar sejajar agar oleh lensa mata dapat memfokuskannya di depan retina mata

Mengdivergenkan sinar sejajar agar oleh lensa mata dapat memfokuskannya di retina mata

Mengdivergenkan sinar sejajar agar oleh lensa mata dapat memfokuskannya di belakang retina mata

The correct answer is "mengdivergenkan sinar sejajar agar oleh lensa mata dapat memfokuskannya di retina mata". This means that the function of glasses for nearsightedness is to diverge parallel rays so that the lens of the eye can focus them on the retina. This is necessary because in myopia, the eye's lens focuses the light in front of the retina instead of on it, causing distant objects to appear blurry. By diverging the rays, the glasses help to correct this issue and allow for clear vision.

Explanation

The correct answer is "mengdivergenkan sinar sejajar agar oleh lensa mata dapat memfokuskannya di retina mata". This means that the function of glasses for nearsightedness is to diverge parallel rays so that the lens of the eye can focus them on the retina. This is necessary because in myopia, the eye's lens focuses the light in front of the retina instead of on it, causing distant objects to appear blurry. By diverging the rays, the glasses help to correct this issue and allow for clear vision.

33. Halim melakukan percobaan untuk membuktikan bahwa jumlah carbon dioksida dipengaruhi oleh laju fotosintesis. Berdasarkan grafik di bawah ini yang benar untuk menunjukkan hasil dari eksperimennya adalah ....

1

2

3

4

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

34. Perhatikan gambar irisan melintang batang dikotil berikut!

Xilem ditunjukan Oleh… .

1

2

3

4

The correct answer is 4 because in the given diagram of a cross-section of a dicot stem, the xylem is indicated by the number 4. The xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. It is located towards the center of the stem and is made up of hollow, elongated cells.

Explanation

The correct answer is 4 because in the given diagram of a cross-section of a dicot stem, the xylem is indicated by the number 4. The xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. It is located towards the center of the stem and is made up of hollow, elongated cells.

35. Xilem pada penampang melintang akar tumbuhan monokotil terdapat di... .

A

B

C

D

In the cross section of the root of a monocot plant, the xylem is found in region C.

Explanation

In the cross section of the root of a monocot plant, the xylem is found in region C.

36. Manakah pernyataan yang benar tentang perambatan sinar dalam gambar berikut:

Cahaya berasal dari mata anak itu dan terpantul oleh cermin ke burung.

Cahaya berasal dari dari bayangan burung menuju mata sehingga burung dapat terlihat.

Bayangan burung menciptakan sinar cahaya menuju mata.

Cahaya berasal dari burung dipantulkan cermin ke mata sehingga bayangan terlihat.

The correct answer states that the light originates from the bird, is reflected by the mirror, and then reaches the eye, allowing the shadow to be seen. This explanation suggests that the light path starts from the bird, bounces off the mirror, and finally reaches the eye, resulting in the observation of the shadow.

Explanation

The correct answer states that the light originates from the bird, is reflected by the mirror, and then reaches the eye, allowing the shadow to be seen. This explanation suggests that the light path starts from the bird, bounces off the mirror, and finally reaches the eye, resulting in the observation of the shadow.

37. Ciri-ciri korban ketergantungan narkotika: 1) merasa rileks 2) pupil mata menyempit 3) tekanan darah menurun 4) denyut urat nadi melambat 5) menimbulkan rasa gembira berlebihan Diantara ciri-ciri di atas, yang merupakan ciri pengguna heroin adalah... .

1, 2, dan 3

2, 3, dan 4

3, 4, dan 5

4, 5, dan 1

The correct answer is 2, 3, dan 4. The given characteristics of a drug-dependent victim include pupil constriction, low blood pressure, and slow pulse rate. These symptoms are commonly associated with the use of heroin.

Explanation

The correct answer is 2, 3, dan 4. The given characteristics of a drug-dependent victim include pupil constriction, low blood pressure, and slow pulse rate. These symptoms are commonly associated with the use of heroin.

38. Perhatikan tabel hasil pengamatan berikut:

Keadaan daun	Warna sebelum ditetesi iodin	Warna sesudah ditetesi iodin
Daun ditutup	Hijau muda	Hijau muda
Daun tidak ditutup	Hijau muda	Hijau dengan bercak biru keunguan

Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan berikut di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa... .

Daun yang melakukan fotosintesis adalah yang di tutup kertas alumunium

Daun yang melakukan fotosintesis adalah yang tidak di tutup kertas alumunium

Fotosintesis memerlukan oksigen dan air

Fotosintesis menghasilkan karbondioksida

Based on the observation table, it can be concluded that the leaves that undergo photosynthesis are the ones that are not covered with aluminum foil. The leaves that are covered with aluminum foil show a different color after being treated with iodine, indicating that photosynthesis did not occur in those leaves. Therefore, the correct answer is that the leaves that undergo photosynthesis are the ones that are not covered with aluminum foil.

Explanation

Based on the observation table, it can be concluded that the leaves that undergo photosynthesis are the ones that are not covered with aluminum foil. The leaves that are covered with aluminum foil show a different color after being treated with iodine, indicating that photosynthesis did not occur in those leaves. Therefore, the correct answer is that the leaves that undergo photosynthesis are the ones that are not covered with aluminum foil.

39. Pada gambar di samping dilukiskan sebuah bel listrik yang berada dalam sebuah sungkup yang tertutup. Kemudian bel dibunyikan dan udara dalam sungkup dikeluarkan.

Setelah udara dari sungkup habis dikeluarkan, bunyi bel listrik tidak terdengar lagi. Berdasarkan peristiwa itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa bunyi ... .

Tidak terjadi dalam ruang tertutup

Terbawa oleh udara keluar sungkup

Tidak dapat merambat dalam ruang hampa udara

Tidak dapat merambat melalui zat padat

Based on the given information, it can be concluded that sound cannot propagate in a vacuum. When the air inside the enclosure is completely removed, the sound of the electric bell cannot be heard anymore. This suggests that sound requires a medium, such as air, to travel and cannot propagate in a vacuum where there is no air or any other medium for it to travel through. Therefore, the correct answer is "tidak dapat merambat dalam ruang hampa udara" (cannot propagate in a vacuum).

Explanation

Based on the given information, it can be concluded that sound cannot propagate in a vacuum. When the air inside the enclosure is completely removed, the sound of the electric bell cannot be heard anymore. This suggests that sound requires a medium, such as air, to travel and cannot propagate in a vacuum where there is no air or any other medium for it to travel through. Therefore, the correct answer is "tidak dapat merambat dalam ruang hampa udara" (cannot propagate in a vacuum).

40. Perhatikan gambar percobaan Ingenhousz berikut ini!

Pada proses percobaan di atas pernyataan berikut yang sesuai adalah... .

Pada tabung X terdapat senyawa glukosa hasil fotosintesis.

Hidrilla akan bereaksi dengan air untuk berfotosintesis.

Air dalam bejana berubah warna hijau seperti hidrilla.

Akhir dari proses tersebut dihasilkan gas CO2.

The statement "Akhir dari proses tersebut dihasilkan gas CO2" is correct because in the experiment, when the Hydrilla plant undergoes photosynthesis, it produces oxygen gas (O2) as a byproduct. This can be observed by the change in color of the water in the flask to green, indicating the presence of oxygen gas. Therefore, the end result of the process is the production of CO2 gas.

Explanation

The statement "Akhir dari proses tersebut dihasilkan gas CO2" is correct because in the experiment, when the Hydrilla plant undergoes photosynthesis, it produces oxygen gas (O2) as a byproduct. This can be observed by the change in color of the water in the flask to green, indicating the presence of oxygen gas. Therefore, the end result of the process is the production of CO2 gas.