Dir
Ping
Ls
Hello
Windows
Linux
Unix
Excel
34.2.45
44.23.2.45
4.34.300.200
Www.google.com
Pwd
Df
Ls
Man
Router
Switch
Firewall
Gateway
One operating system running in software that is running in another operating system
A computer with no keyboard
A computer connected to the internet
A computer that can boot into multiple operating systems
A set of executable code
A currently running instance of a program
A collection of files
The location of a file in the file system
-rw-rw-rw- 1 user user 3391 Mar 15 2013 myfile.txt
-rw--r--r-- 1 nobody user 7099 Apr 2 13:58 logfile
Drwxr-xr-x 1 user user 4096 Mar 15 2013 Desktop
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 145320 Jun 10 2012 less
Stop
Kill
Man
Ps
A user account
A port
A directory
A name
Mapping ports to processes
Mapping MAC addresses to IP address
Mapping an IP address to a human readable name
Mapping users to computers
A directory
A file
An IP address
A process
Output.txt < ls
Ls > output.txt
Ls | output.txt
Ls output.txt
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.252
User of nobody, group of root
User of root, group of nobody
User and group of nobody
User and group of root
C:\
/usr
/bin
/
Nobody
User
Root
Www
Ls ..
Cd ..
Cd
Cd /
Http:
Https:
Ftp:
Smtp:
Something the user has
Something the user is
Something the user knows
Any of the above
Router
Switch
Network attached storage
Gateway
Applying patches
Applying updates
Applying service packs
All of the above
A command line interface
A GUI interface
To ping the server
Port scanning the server
Getting a directory listing
Opening a file
As clear text
Unencrypted
Hashed
Reversibly encrypted
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