Sme Preparation Group Trial Quiz

1. Extracellular fluid in adults differs from intracellular fluid in that its Volume is greater.

True

False

False Cells contain half to two-thirds of the total body fluid.

Explanation

False Cells contain half to two-thirds of the total body fluid.

2. Extracellular fluid in adults differs from intracellular fluid in that its pH is lower.

True

False

False Intracellular pH is lower due to cellular metabolism.

Explanation

False Intracellular pH is lower due to cellular metabolism.

3. Ahmed Elkhanany is one of the authors in which of the following articles ? (Clue: use PubMed)

Plumbagin from Plumbago Zeylanica L induces apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines through NF- κB inactivation

Plumbagin inhibits tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo

Plumbagin inhibits cytokinesis in Bacillus subtilis by inhibiting FtsZ assembly - a mechanistic study of its antibacterial activity

Antimutagenic and antioxidant properties of plumbagin and other naphthoquinones

Clue : use PubMed to either look for the author (Ahmed Elkhanany)

Plumbagin inhibits tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo.

Sinha S, Pal K, Elkhanany A, Dutta S, Cao Y, Mondal G, Iyer S, Somasundaram V, Couch FJ, Shridhar V, Bhattacharya R, Mukhopadhyay D, Srinivas P.

Explanation

Clue : use PubMed to either look for the author (Ahmed Elkhanany)

Plumbagin inhibits tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo.

Sinha S, Pal K, Elkhanany A, Dutta S, Cao Y, Mondal G, Iyer S, Somasundaram V, Couch FJ, Shridhar V, Bhattacharya R, Mukhopadhyay D, Srinivas P.

4. Extracellular fluid in adults differs from intracellular fluid in that its Tonicity is lower.

True

False

False It is the same; if it were lower, osmosis would draw water into the cells.

Explanation

False It is the same; if it were lower, osmosis would draw water into the cells.

5. Extracellular fluid in adults differs from intracellular fluid in that its Sodium:potassium molar ratio is higher.

True

False

True Around 30:1; the intracellular ratio is about 1:10.

Explanation

True Around 30:1; the intracellular ratio is about 1:10.

6. For this article " Plumbagin inhibits tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo " What is the Journal that it was published in ?

Journal of Tumors and Cancers

Integral Journal of Cancer

International Journal of Cancer

International Cancer society Journal

Find the article in PubMed first then look above it for information about where it was published

Int J Cancer. 2013 Mar 1;132(5):1201-12. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27724. Epub 2012 Jul 27.

Plumbagin inhibits tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo

Just place your mouse over the hyperlink-ed Journal name in pubmed and it will show you the full name.

Explanation

Find the article in PubMed first then look above it for information about where it was published

Int J Cancer. 2013 Mar 1;132(5):1201-12. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27724. Epub 2012 Jul 27.

Plumbagin inhibits tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo

Just place your mouse over the hyperlink-ed Journal name in pubmed and it will show you the full name.

7. Extracellular fluid in adults differs from intracellular fluid in that its Anions are mainly inorganic.

False

True

True Mainly Cl and HCO3; inside, the main anions are protein and organic phosphates.

Explanation

True Mainly Cl and HCO3; inside, the main anions are protein and organic phosphates.

8. For this article " Plumbagin inhibits tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo " Which Volume, issue and from what page to what page was this article published ?

Volume 50, Issue 2, pages 34-45

Volume 70 , Issue 3, pages 139-143

Volume 110, Issue 4, pages 945-948

Volume 132 , Issue 5, pages 1201- 1212

Find the article in PubMed first then look above it for information about where it was published

Int J Cancer. 2013 Mar 1;132(5):1201-12. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27724. Epub 2012 Jul 27. Plumbagin inhibits tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo.

132(5):1201-12

Volume 132

Issue 5

Pages : From 1201 to 1212

Explanation

Find the article in PubMed first then look above it for information about where it was published

Int J Cancer. 2013 Mar 1;132(5):1201-12. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27724. Epub 2012 Jul 27. Plumbagin inhibits tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo.

132(5):1201-12

Volume 132

Issue 5

Pages : From 1201 to 1212

9. A 49-year-old male in end-stage renal failure is able to perform peritoneal dialysis at home. The osmolality of the solution chosen for peritoneal dialysis will determine the rate of ultrafiltration. Which of the following statements best characterizes a molecule whose osmolality is zero?

A. It will not permeate the membrane

B. It can only cross the membrane through the lipid bilayer

C. It causes water to flow across the membrane

D. It is as diffusible through the membrane as water

E. It is transported across the membrane by a carrier

The answer is D. The osmolality of a substance is the number of osmoles per kg of solvent. One osmole (Osm) equals the gram molecular weight of a substance divided by the number of free moving particles that each molecule liberates in solution. Osmotically active substances in the body are dissolved in water, and the density of water is 1.
Thus, osmolar concentrations can be expressed as osmoles (or milliosmoles) per liter of water. If the osmolality is zero, there are no free moving particles, and thus, the molecule is as diffusible as water through the membrane

Explanation

The answer is D. The osmolality of a substance is the number of osmoles per kg of solvent. One osmole (Osm) equals the gram molecular weight of a substance divided by the number of free moving particles that each molecule liberates in solution. Osmotically active substances in the body are dissolved in water, and the density of water is 1.
Thus, osmolar concentrations can be expressed as osmoles (or milliosmoles) per liter of water. If the osmolality is zero, there are no free moving particles, and thus, the molecule is as diffusible as water through the membrane

10. In error, a patient is infused with large volumes of a solution that causes lysis of his red blood cells (RBCs). The solution was most likely

(A) isotonic NaCl

(B) isotonic mannitol

(C) hypertonic mannitol

(D) hypotonic urea

(E) hypertonic urea

The answer is D. Lysis of the patient's red blood cells (RBCs) was caused by entry of water and swelling of the cells to the point of rupture. Water would ﬂow into the RBCs if the extracellular ﬂuid became hypotonic (had a lower osmotic pressure) relative to the intracellular ﬂuid—hypotonic urea. By deﬁnition, isotonic solutions do not cause water to ﬂow into or out of cells because the osmotic pressure is the same on both sides of the cell membrane. Hypertonic mannitol would cause shrinkage of the RBCs.

Explanation

The answer is D. Lysis of the patient's red blood cells (RBCs) was caused by entry of water and swelling of the cells to the point of rupture. Water would ﬂow into the RBCs if the extracellular ﬂuid became hypotonic (had a lower osmotic pressure) relative to the intracellular ﬂuid—hypotonic urea. By deﬁnition, isotonic solutions do not cause water to ﬂow into or out of cells because the osmotic pressure is the same on both sides of the cell membrane. Hypertonic mannitol would cause shrinkage of the RBCs.

11. The diagram below illustrates the concentration of a substance in two chambers. If the concentration of the substance in chamber A doubles, the diffusion of the substance will change from 10 mg/h to which of the following?

E 30 mg/h

A. 5 mg/h

B 10 mg/h

C 15 mg/h

D 20 mg/h

The answer is E. Fick’s law states that the net rate of diffusional flux (J) of a substance is proportional to its concentration difference (Δc). Doubling the concentration of the substance in chamber A from 20 to 40 mg/L, causes the concentration difference to increase by threefold from 10 to 30 mg/L. Therefore, the net rate of diffusion would increase from 10 to 30 mg/h.

Explanation

The answer is E. Fick’s law states that the net rate of diffusional flux (J) of a substance is proportional to its concentration difference (Δc). Doubling the concentration of the substance in chamber A from 20 to 40 mg/L, causes the concentration difference to increase by threefold from 10 to 30 mg/L. Therefore, the net rate of diffusion would increase from 10 to 30 mg/h.