Biology Semester 1 Final

1. Most of the energy used by life on Earth comes from the

Weather.

Rotation of the earth.

Moon.

Sun.

2. Light energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of

Glycolysis.

Fermentation.

Photosynthesis.

Cellular respiration.

3. Which of the following qualities do fingerprints and DNA fingerprints have in common?

Part of an extensive genome mapping effort

Ease of use in an investigation

Refer exclusively to traits of the human hand

Unique to an individual

4. The action of ______ returns carbon from dead plants and animals to the atmosphere.

Decomposers

Primary producers

Carnivores

Herbivores

5. The X and Y chromosomes are called

Extra chromosomes.

Sex chromosomes.

Homologous chromosomes.

Autosomes.

6. Sexual reproduction includes

Fertilization.

Fragmentation.

Budding.

Binary fission.

7. The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is

Water

Carbon dioxide

Nitrogen

Oxygen

8. When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes

Exchange corresponding segments of DNA.

Mutate in the first division.

Decrease in number.

Produce new genes.

9. Normal human males develop from fertilized eggs containing which of the following sex chromosome combinations?

OO

XX

XO

XY

10. The size to which cells can grow is limited by their

Location.

Structure.

Function.

Surface area-to-volume ratio.

11. Which of the following is part of the cell theory?

Cells are nonliving units that make up organisms.

Most cells arise from existing cells.

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms.

All living things are made of one cell.

12. Which of the following is NOT a part of the carbon cycle?

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Nitrogen-fixation by leguminous bacteria

The dark carbon-fixation process of photosynthesis

Exhalation of carbon dioxide from human lungs

13. What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?

Digestion of cell wastes

Presence in all cells

Production of ATP

Absorption of light energy

14. The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. The number of chromosomes found in a human egg cell is

23

46

92

12.5

15. What level of organization is the small intestine?

Organ

Tissue

Cell

Organ system

16. The carbon cycle makes carbon compounds continuously available in an ecosystem and delivers

Water to all organisms.

Light energy to autotrophs.

Carbon dioxide to animals within the ecosystem.

Chemical energy to organisms within the ecosystem.

17. A mutation caused by a piece of DNA breaking away from its chromosome and becoming attached to a nonhomologous chromosome is called

Deletion.

Translocation.

Inversion.

Duplication.

18. During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be

TTGCATG.

AAGTATC.

CCTAGCT.

GGATCGA.

19. When two solutions of unequal strength are put together with no barriers between them, they will

Diffuse into one solution of uniform strength.

Form a semi-permeable membrane.

Become less concentrated.

Become more concentrated.

20. Diffusion is the movement of a substance

Only through a lipid bilayer membrane.

From an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.

From an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Only in liquids.

21. In a cell, proteins are made on the

Mitochondria.

Ribosomes.

Cell membrane.

Nucleus.

22. A structure within a eukaryotic cell that carries out specific activities inside the cell is called a(n)

Membrane.

Cytoplasm.

Nucleus.

Organelle.

23. Mitosis is the process by which

Cytoplasm is divided.

Microtubules are assembled.

The nucleus is divided into two nuclei.

The cell rests.

24. On Earth, under normal conditions, all matter is composed of

Atoms.

Cells.

Carbon.

Molecules.

25. Organisms that are not autotrophs

Get energy from sunlight.

Must consume other organisms to get energy.

Can survive without energy.

Get energy from inorganic molecules.

26. The genetic material that provides instructions for making proteins is

Cytoplasm.

DNA.

Cytosol.

A ribosome.

27. Which of the following does not require energy?

Diffusion

Active transport

Sodium-potassium pump

Endocytosis

28. Which of the following pairs contains unrelated items?

Eukaryote-plant

Ribosome-protein

Cell wall-animal cell

Mitochondria-ATP

29. Chromotids are

Dense patches within the nucleus.

Bacterial chromosomes.

Prokaryotic nuclei.

Joined strands of duplicated genetic material.

30. Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

Muscle cell

Chloroplast

Fungus

Bacterium

31. The two types of nucleic acids are

DNA and RNA.

DNA and ATP.

Nucleotides and ATP.

RNA and ATP.

32. In humans, gametes contain

22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.

1 autosome and 22 sex chromosomes.

45 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.

1 autosome and 45 sex chromosomes.

33. What would be the blood type of a person who inherited an A allele from one parent and an O allele from the other?

Type A

Type AB

Type O

Type B

34. Which of the following does not provide new genetic combinations?

Crossing-over

Cytokinesis

Independent assortment

Random fertilization

35. The first three phases of the cell cycle are collectively known as

Interphase.

Telophase.

Mitosis.

A gap.

36. Acidic solutions have a pH that is

Less than 7.

A negative number.

More than 7.

Between 7 and 14.

37. Plant cells have a large membrane-bound compartment in which water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored. This compartment is called the

Central vacuole.

Mitochondrion.

Chloroplast.

Golgi apparatus.

38. The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called

Telophase.

Anaphase

Prophase

Metaphase

39. When a root is immersed in a solution, it swells. What does that indicate about the solution?

It is hypotonic

It is hypertonic

It is a polar solvent

It is a non-polar solvent

40. Sharing of electrons in the outer energy levels of two atoms

Only occurs if both are atoms of the same element.

Makes both atoms more stable.

Is found only among carbon atoms.

Results in ion formation.

41. The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of

Cytosine.

Thymine.

Adenine.

Protein.

42. As a result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the parent cell during cytokinesis

Receives an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the parent cell.

Receives a few chromosomes from the parent cell.

Donates a chromosome to the parent cell.

Receives exactly half the chromosomes from the parent cell.

43. Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for

The same traits.

Sex.

Different traits.

DNA.

44. Homeostasis is

Diffusion.

A stable internal environment.

Osmosis.

A semi-permeable membrane.

45. The reverse reaction of cellular respiration is called

Photosynthesis.

ATP synthesis.

Electron transport.

Krebs citric acid cycle.

46. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)

Codon.

Helicase.

Anticodon.

Peptide bond.

47. Long chains of amino acids are found in

Sugars.

Carbohydrates.

Lipids.

Proteins.

48. Sharing of electrons in the outer energy levels of two atoms

Only occurs if both are atoms of the same element.

Makes both atoms more stable.

Is found only among carbon atoms.

Results in ion formation.

49. Molecules that are too large to be moved across a cell membrane can be removed from the cell by

Diffusion.

Endocytosis.

Osmosis.

Exocytosis.

50. Which of the following is not found in RNA?

Cytosine

Uracil

Thymine

Adenine

51. Water is a polar molecule because

It has a charge.

It contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom.

Different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges.

It does not have a charge.

52. During transcription,

Translation occurs.

RNA is produced.

DNA is replicated.

Proteins are synthesized.

53. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?

G1 -> S -> G2 -> mitosis -> cytokinesis

S -> G1 -> G2 -> mitosis -> cytokinesis

Mitosis -> G1 -> S -> G2 -> cytokinesis

Cytokinesis -> mitosis -> G1 -> S ->G2

54. A haploid cell is one that

Has chromosomes found in pairs.

Has one set of chromosomes.

Is designated by the symbol 2n.

Has two homologues of each chromosome.

55. The organelle that moves proteins and other substances through the cell is the

Cytoplasm.

Mitochondrion.

Golgi apparatus.

Endoplasmic reticulum.

Biology Semester 1 Final

1. Most of the energy used by life on Earth comes from the

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Light energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of

3. Which of the following qualities do fingerprints and DNA fingerprints have in common?

4. The action of ______ returns carbon from dead plants and animals to the atmosphere.

5. The X and Y chromosomes are called

6. Sexual reproduction includes

7. The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is

8. When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes

9. Normal human males develop from fertilized eggs containing which of the following sex chromosome combinations?

10. The size to which cells can grow is limited by their

11. Which of the following is part of the cell theory?

12. Which of the following is NOT a part of the carbon cycle?

13. What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?

14. The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. The number of chromosomes found in a human egg cell is

15. What level of organization is the small intestine?

16. The carbon cycle makes carbon compounds continuously available in an ecosystem and delivers

17. A mutation caused by a piece of DNA breaking away from its chromosome and becoming attached to a nonhomologous chromosome is called

18. During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be

19. When two solutions of unequal strength are put together with no barriers between them, they will

20. Diffusion is the movement of a substance

21. In a cell, proteins are made on the

22. A structure within a eukaryotic cell that carries out specific activities inside the cell is called a(n)

23. Mitosis is the process by which

24. On Earth, under normal conditions, all matter is composed of

25. Organisms that are not autotrophs

26. The genetic material that provides instructions for making proteins is

27. Which of the following does not require energy?

28. Which of the following pairs contains unrelated items?

29. Chromotids are

30. Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

31. The two types of nucleic acids are

32. In humans, gametes contain

33. What would be the blood type of a person who inherited an A allele from one parent and an O allele from the other?

34. Which of the following does not provide new genetic combinations?

35. The first three phases of the cell cycle are collectively known as

36. Acidic solutions have a pH that is

37. Plant cells have a large membrane-bound compartment in which water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored. This compartment is called the

38. The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called

39. When a root is immersed in a solution, it swells. What does that indicate about the solution?

40. Sharing of electrons in the outer energy levels of two atoms

41. The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of

42. As a result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the parent cell during cytokinesis

43. Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for

44. Homeostasis is

45. The reverse reaction of cellular respiration is called

46. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)

47. Long chains of amino acids are found in

48. Sharing of electrons in the outer energy levels of two atoms

49. Molecules that are too large to be moved across a cell membrane can be removed from the cell by

50. Which of the following is not found in RNA?

51. Water is a polar molecule because

52. During transcription,

53. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?

54. A haploid cell is one that

55. The organelle that moves proteins and other substances through the cell is the