Biology Semester 1 Final

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  • 1/55 Questions

    Most of the energy used by life on Earth comes from the

    • Weather.
    • Rotation of the earth.
    • Moon.
    • Sun.
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Biology Semester 1 Final - Quiz
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  • 2. 

    Which of the following qualities do fingerprints and DNA fingerprints have in common?

    • Part of an extensive genome mapping effort

    • Ease of use in an investigation

    • Refer exclusively to traits of the human hand

    • Unique to an individual

    Correct Answer
    A. Unique to an individual
  • 3. 

    Light energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of

    • Glycolysis.

    • Fermentation.

    • Photosynthesis.

    • Cellular respiration.

    Correct Answer
    A. Photosynthesis.
  • 4. 

    Sexual reproduction includes

    • Fertilization.

    • Fragmentation.

    • Budding.

    • Binary fission.

    Correct Answer
    A. Fertilization.
  • 5. 

    The X and Y chromosomes are called

    • Extra chromosomes.

    • Sex chromosomes.

    • Homologous chromosomes.

    • Autosomes.

    Correct Answer
    A. Sex chromosomes.
  • 6. 

    The action of  ______ returns carbon from dead plants and animals to the atmosphere.

    • Decomposers

    • Primary producers

    • Carnivores

    • Herbivores

    Correct Answer
    A. Decomposers
  • 7. 

    The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is

    • Water

    • Carbon dioxide

    • Nitrogen

    • Oxygen

    Correct Answer
    A. Oxygen
  • 8. 

    Normal human males develop from fertilized eggs containing which of the following sex chromosome combinations?

    • OO

    • XX

    • XO

    • XY

    Correct Answer
    A. XY
  • 9. 

    When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes

    • Exchange corresponding segments of DNA.

    • Mutate in the first division.

    • Decrease in number.

    • Produce new genes.

    Correct Answer
    A. Exchange corresponding segments of DNA.
  • 10. 

    The size to which cells can grow is limited by their

    • Location.

    • Structure.

    • Function.

    • Surface area-to-volume ratio.

    Correct Answer
    A. Surface area-to-volume ratio.
  • 11. 

    Which of the following is part of the cell theory?

    • Cells are nonliving units that make up organisms.

    • Most cells arise from existing cells.

    • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms.

    • All living things are made of one cell.

    Correct Answer
    A. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms.
  • 12. 

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the carbon cycle?

    • Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

    • Nitrogen-fixation by leguminous bacteria

    • The dark carbon-fixation process of photosynthesis

    • Exhalation of carbon dioxide from human lungs

    Correct Answer
    A. Nitrogen-fixation by leguminous bacteria
  • 13. 

    What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?

    • Digestion of cell wastes

    • Presence in all cells

    • Production of ATP

    • Absorption of light energy

    Correct Answer
    A. Production of ATP
  • 14. 

    The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. The number of chromosomes found in a human egg cell is

    • 23

    • 46

    • 92

    • 12.5

    Correct Answer
    A. 23
  • 15. 

    What level of organization is the small intestine?

    • Organ

    • Tissue

    • Cell

    • Organ system

    Correct Answer
    A. Organ
  • 16. 

    The carbon cycle makes carbon compounds continuously available in an ecosystem and delivers

    • Water to all organisms.

    • Light energy to autotrophs.

    • Carbon dioxide to animals within the ecosystem.

    • Chemical energy to organisms within the ecosystem.

    Correct Answer
    A. Chemical energy to organisms within the ecosystem.
  • 17. 

    During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be

    • TTGCATG.

    • AAGTATC.

    • CCTAGCT.

    • GGATCGA.

    Correct Answer
    A. GGATCGA.
  • 18. 

    In a cell, proteins are made on the

    • Mitochondria.

    • Ribosomes.

    • Cell membrane.

    • Nucleus.

    Correct Answer
    A. Ribosomes.
  • 19. 

    Diffusion is the movement of a substance

    • Only through a lipid bilayer membrane.

    • From an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.

    • From an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

    • Only in liquids.

    Correct Answer
    A. From an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
  • 20. 

    When two solutions of unequal strength are put together with no barriers between them, they will

    • Diffuse into one solution of uniform strength.

    • Form a semi-permeable membrane.

    • Become less concentrated.

    • Become more concentrated.

    Correct Answer
    A. Diffuse into one solution of uniform strength.
  • 21. 

    A mutation caused by a piece of DNA breaking away from its chromosome and becoming attached to a nonhomologous chromosome is called

    • Deletion.

    • Translocation.

    • Inversion.

    • Duplication.

    Correct Answer
    A. Translocation.
  • 22. 

    A structure within a eukaryotic cell that carries out specific activities inside the cell is called a(n)

    • Membrane.

    • Cytoplasm.

    • Nucleus.

    • Organelle.

    Correct Answer
    A. Organelle.
  • 23. 

    Organisms that are not autotrophs

    • Get energy from sunlight.

    • Must consume other organisms to get energy.

    • Can survive without energy.

    • Get energy from inorganic molecules.

    Correct Answer
    A. Must consume other organisms to get energy.
  • 24. 

    On Earth, under normal conditions, all matter is composed of

    • Atoms.

    • Cells.

    • Carbon.

    • Molecules.

    Correct Answer
    A. Atoms.
  • 25. 

    Mitosis is the process by which

    • Cytoplasm is divided.

    • Microtubules are assembled.

    • The nucleus is divided into two nuclei.

    • The cell rests.

    Correct Answer
    A. The nucleus is divided into two nuclei.
  • 26. 

    Which of the following does not require energy?

    • Diffusion

    • Active transport

    • Sodium-potassium pump

    • Endocytosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Diffusion
  • 27. 

    The genetic material that provides instructions for making proteins is

    • Cytoplasm.

    • DNA.

    • Cytosol.

    • A ribosome.

    Correct Answer
    A. DNA.
  • 28. 

    Which of the following pairs contains unrelated items?

    • Eukaryote-plant

    • Ribosome-protein

    • Cell wall-animal cell

    • Mitochondria-ATP

    Correct Answer
    A. Cell wall-animal cell
  • 29. 

    What would be the blood type of a person who inherited an A allele from one parent and an O allele from the other?

    • Type A

    • Type AB

    • Type O

    • Type B

    Correct Answer
    A. Type A
  • 30. 

    The two types of nucleic acids are

    • DNA and RNA.

    • DNA and ATP.

    • Nucleotides and ATP.

    • RNA and ATP.

    Correct Answer
    A. DNA and RNA.
  • 31. 

    Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

    • Muscle cell

    • Chloroplast

    • Fungus

    • Bacterium

    Correct Answer
    A. Bacterium
  • 32. 

    In humans, gametes contain

    • 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.

    • 1 autosome and 22 sex chromosomes.

    • 45 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.

    • 1 autosome and 45 sex chromosomes.

    Correct Answer
    A. 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
  • 33. 

    Chromotids are

    • Dense patches within the nucleus.

    • Bacterial chromosomes.

    • Prokaryotic nuclei.

    • Joined strands of duplicated genetic material.

    Correct Answer
    A. Joined strands of duplicated genetic material.
  • 34. 

    Which of the following does not provide new genetic combinations?

    • Crossing-over

    • Cytokinesis

    • Independent assortment

    • Random fertilization

    Correct Answer
    A. Cytokinesis
  • 35. 

    Acidic solutions have a pH that is

    • Less than 7.

    • A negative number.

    • More than 7.

    • Between 7 and 14.

    Correct Answer
    A. Less than 7.
  • 36. 

    The first three phases of the cell cycle are collectively known as

    • Interphase.

    • Telophase.

    • Mitosis.

    • A gap.

    Correct Answer
    A. Interphase.
  • 37. 

    Plant cells have a large membrane-bound compartment in which water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored. This compartment is called the

    • Central vacuole.

    • Mitochondrion.

    • Chloroplast.

    • Golgi apparatus.

    Correct Answer
    A. Central vacuole.
  • 38. 

    The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called

    • Telophase.

    • Anaphase

    • Prophase

    • Metaphase

    Correct Answer
    A. Metaphase
  • 39. 

    When a root is immersed in a solution, it swells. What does that indicate about the solution?

    • It is hypotonic

    • It is hypertonic

    • It is a polar solvent

    • It is a non-polar solvent

    Correct Answer
    A. It is hypotonic
  • 40. 

    Sharing of electrons in the outer energy levels of two atoms

    • Only occurs if both are atoms of the same element.

    • Makes both atoms more stable.

    • Is found only among carbon atoms.

    • Results in ion formation.

    Correct Answer
    A. Makes both atoms more stable.
  • 41. 

    The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of

    • Cytosine.

    • Thymine.

    • Adenine.

    • Protein.

    Correct Answer
    A. Cytosine.
  • 42. 

    Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for

    • The same traits.

    • Sex.

    • Different traits.

    • DNA.

    Correct Answer
    A. The same traits.
  • 43. 

    As a result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the parent cell during cytokinesis

    • Receives an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the parent cell.

    • Receives a few chromosomes from the parent cell.

    • Donates a chromosome to the parent cell.

    • Receives exactly half the chromosomes from the parent cell.

    Correct Answer
    A. Receives an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the parent cell.
  • 44. 

    Homeostasis is

    • Diffusion.

    • A stable internal environment.

    • Osmosis.

    • A semi-permeable membrane.

    Correct Answer
    A. A stable internal environment.
  • 45. 

    The reverse reaction of cellular respiration is called

    • Photosynthesis.

    • ATP synthesis.

    • Electron transport.

    • Krebs citric acid cycle.

    Correct Answer
    A. Photosynthesis.
  • 46. 

    Long chains of amino acids are found in

    • Sugars.

    • Carbohydrates.

    • Lipids.

    • Proteins.

    Correct Answer
    A. Proteins.
  • 47. 

    Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)

    • Codon.

    • Helicase.

    • Anticodon.

    • Peptide bond.

    Correct Answer
    A. Codon.
  • 48. 

    Sharing of electrons in the outer energy levels of two atoms

    • Only occurs if both are atoms of the same element.

    • Makes both atoms more stable.

    • Is found only among carbon atoms.

    • Results in ion formation.

    Correct Answer
    A. Makes both atoms more stable.
  • 49. 

    Molecules that are too large to be moved across a cell membrane can be removed from the cell by

    • Diffusion.

    • Endocytosis.

    • Osmosis.

    • Exocytosis.

    Correct Answer
    A. Exocytosis.

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