Nondestructive Testing.

Magnetic particle inspection is a nondestructive testing method that utilizes magnetic fields and particles to identify surface and near-surface flaws in materials. It is not suitable for detecting deep subsurface flaws or distortion. By applying a magnetic field to the material and then applying magnetic particles, any flaws present on or near the surface will cause a leakage of magnetic flux, making them visible under proper lighting conditions. This technique is commonly used in industries such as manufacturing, aerospace, and automotive for quality control and ensuring the structural integrity of components.

The magnetic particle inspection method is used to inspect materials for surface and near-surface defects. Iron alloys can be inspected using this method because they are magnetic materials. The method involves magnetizing the material and then applying magnetic particles to the surface. If there are any defects present, the magnetic particles will gather at those locations, indicating the presence of a defect. Magnesium alloys, aluminum alloys, copper alloys, and zinc alloys are not typically inspected using magnetic particle inspection because they are non-magnetic materials.

In magnetic particle inspection, a part will be identified as having a fatigue crack when the discontinuity is found in a highly stressed area of the part. This is because fatigue cracks tend to occur in areas where the part experiences the highest levels of stress. By identifying the discontinuity in a highly stressed area, it indicates the presence of a fatigue crack.

When a flaw is perpendicular to the magnetic field flux lines in magnetic particle inspection, it causes a large disruption in the magnetic field. This is because the flaw acts as a barrier to the flow of magnetic flux, causing a significant disturbance in the magnetic field around it. This disruption can be easily detected and visualized using magnetic particles, allowing for the identification and characterization of the flaw.

The correct answer is high permeability and low retentivity. In magnetic particle inspection, a ferromagnetic material is used as the testing medium. High permeability allows the material to easily become magnetized when subjected to a magnetic field, which helps in detecting defects. Low retentivity ensures that the material quickly loses its magnetization once the magnetic field is removed, allowing for easy removal of the magnetic particles after inspection. This combination of high permeability and low retentivity is ideal for efficient and effective magnetic particle inspection.

The correct answer is "Wet and dry process materials." In magnetic particle inspection, wet and dry process materials are used as indicating mediums. Wet process materials consist of a liquid suspension of magnetic particles that are applied to the surface being inspected. Dry process materials, on the other hand, are in the form of dry powders that are applied to the surface and then magnetized. Both types of indicating mediums help to highlight any defects or cracks in the material being inspected.

Circular and longitudinal magnetization should be used when checking an item with the magnetic particle inspection method in order to reveal all possible defects. This is because circular magnetization allows for the detection of surface defects that are perpendicular to the magnetic field, while longitudinal magnetization is used to detect defects that are parallel to the magnetic field. By using both types of magnetization, all possible defects can be identified and inspected thoroughly.

Cracking adjacent to the weld indicates that the part has cooled too quickly after being welded. Rapid cooling can cause the metal to contract unevenly, leading to stress and ultimately cracking in the area surrounding the weld. This can occur if the part is not properly preheated or if it is cooled too quickly after the welding process. Discoloration of the base metal and the presence of gas pockets, porosity, and slag inclusions may also indicate welding issues, but they do not specifically indicate that the part has cooled too quickly.

Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true. Statement 1 defines a discontinuity as an interruption in the normal physical structure or configuration of a part, which is accurate in nondestructive testing. Statement 2 states that a discontinuity may or may not affect the usefulness of the part, which is also true. Discontinuities can vary in severity and impact, and not all discontinuities will render a part unusable. Therefore, both statements are valid in the context of nondestructive testing.

Continuous magnetic particle inspection is the method most often used to inspect aircraft parts for invisible cracks and other defects. This method involves applying a continuous flow of magnetic particles onto the surface of the part while it is magnetized. Any defects or cracks in the part will disrupt the magnetic field, causing the particles to gather at these areas and become visible under proper lighting. This method allows for a thorough and reliable inspection of aircraft parts, ensuring their safety and integrity.

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If the indications from the dye penetrant inspection are not sharp and clear, the most probable cause is that the part was not thoroughly washed before the developer was applied. This is because any contaminants or residue on the surface of the part can interfere with the developer's ability to highlight the indications of defects or cracks. Thoroughly washing the part before applying the developer ensures that the surface is clean and free from any substances that may hinder the inspection process.

The developer in a dye penetrant inspection acts as a blotter to produce a visible indication. This means that it absorbs the penetrant that has seeped into surface cracks and brings it to the surface, making any defects or cracks more visible. The developer helps to enhance the visibility of any potential defects, allowing technicians to easily identify and address them.

To detect a minute crack using dye penetrant inspection, a longer-than-normal penetrating time is required. This is because minute cracks may be very small and not easily visible. By allowing the dye penetrant more time to seep into the crack, it increases the chances of the crack being detected. Applying the developer to a flat surface and having a highly polished surface are not essential for detecting cracks using this method.

Ultrasonic inspection is suitable for the inspection of most metals, plastics, and ceramics for surface and subsurface defects. This method uses high-frequency sound waves to detect internal flaws or defects in the material being tested. The sound waves are sent into the material and the reflected waves are analyzed to identify any abnormalities. This technique is nondestructive as it does not cause any damage to the material being inspected. It is widely used in industries such as manufacturing, aerospace, and automotive for quality control and flaw detection purposes.

Both statements 1 and 2 are true because they describe different methods of demagnetizing an aircraft part. Statement 1 suggests using alternating current that gradually reduces in strength to demagnetize the part, while statement 2 suggests using direct current that is alternately reversed in direction and gradually reduced in strength. Both methods can effectively demagnetize the part, providing two different options for achieving the desired result.

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Magnetizing a part using continuous longitudinal magnetization with a cable will detect defects that are perpendicular to the long axis of the part. This is because the magnetic field generated by the cable will induce a current in the part, causing magnetic flux to flow perpendicular to the long axis. Any defects in the part that disrupt the flow of magnetic flux will be detected. Defects parallel to the long axis or parallel to the concentric circles of magnetic force within the part will not be detected in this method.

The correct answer is 25 to 50 percent. This means that the penetration requirement for a fillet weld should be between 25 and 50 percent of the base metal thickness. This ensures that the weld is strong enough to hold the two pieces of metal together, but not so deep that it compromises the integrity of the base metal. Welds with less than 25 percent penetration may not provide enough strength, while welds with more than 50 percent penetration may weaken the base metal.

The correct answer is "The size and shape of the discontinuities being looked for." When conducting a dye or fluorescent penetrant inspection, the main determinant of the swell time to use is the size and shape of the discontinuities that are being searched for. This means that the time required for the penetrant to swell and fill the discontinuities will depend on their size and shape. The larger and more complex the discontinuities are, the longer the swell time needed for effective inspection.

Eddy current inspection is a nondestructive testing method that requires little or no part preparation. It is used to detect surface or near-surface defects in most metals. Additionally, it can be used to separate metals or alloys and determine their heat-treat conditions. This method involves inducing electrical currents in the material being tested and then measuring the resulting magnetic fields. Any changes in the magnetic fields can indicate the presence of defects or variations in the material. Therefore, eddy current inspection is the correct answer for this question.

Magnetic particle inspection is a non-destructive testing method that is used to detect surface and near-surface defects in ferromagnetic materials. Ferrous metals are materials that contain iron, such as steel and cast iron. These metals can be easily magnetized, allowing magnetic particles to be applied and detected on their surfaces. Therefore, magnetic particle inspection is commonly used on ferrous metal parts to identify any flaws or defects that may compromise their structural integrity.

A volatile petroleum-base solvent is the correct answer because it is commonly used to clean parts before a penetrant inspection. This type of solvent effectively removes oils, grease, and other contaminants from the surface of the part, allowing for a more accurate inspection. Water-based solvents may not be as effective in removing certain types of contaminants, and the penetrant developer is used after the cleaning process to reveal any defects or cracks in the part.

A good weld should not have any oxide formation on the base metal at a distance from the weld of more than 1/2 inch. This is because oxide formation can weaken the weld joint and reduce its integrity. Therefore, it is important for a weld to have minimal oxide formation to ensure its strength and durability.

The factors that are considered essential knowledge for x-ray exposure are processing of the film, material thickness and density, and exposure distance and angle. These factors directly affect the quality and accuracy of the x-ray image, and therefore, understanding and considering them is crucial for proper x-ray exposure.

A good gas weld should taper off smoothly into the base metal because this indicates that the weld has been properly fused with the base metal. A smooth taper ensures that there are no gaps or weak spots in the weld, which could lead to structural issues or failure. It also provides a visually appealing finish to the weld.

The given statement suggests that the pattern for an inclusion is a magnetic particle buildup forming parallel lines. This implies that when magnetic particles accumulate in a certain way, they create a pattern consisting of parallel lines. Therefore, the correct answer is parallel lines.

The correct answer is to remove all the old weld and reweld the joint. This is because the presence of holes and projecting globules in a weld indicates poor quality and lack of fusion. To ensure a strong and reliable weld, it is necessary to remove the defective weld and start afresh by rewelding the joint. This will eliminate any gaps and inconsistencies, resulting in a weld with uniform strength. Simply cleaning the area or grinding the surface smooth will not address the underlying issue of a faulty weld.

A borescope is a useful optical device that enables us to visually inspect the internal parts of an engine without the need for disassembly. It consists of a flexible tube with a light source and a camera at the end, allowing us to capture images or videos of the engine's interior. This tool is commonly used in automotive and aviation industries for maintenance and troubleshooting purposes, as it helps identify any potential issues or damages within the engine without causing further disruption or damage.

The statement "It may be used only with steels which have been heat treated for stressed applications" is true. The residual magnetizing inspection method is a nondestructive testing technique used to detect surface and near-surface defects in ferromagnetic materials. It relies on the residual magnetic field left behind by the magnetizing process. This method is particularly effective for detecting defects in heat-treated steels used for applications where high stress is expected. It may not be as effective for other materials or applications.

Circular magnetization is a method used to detect defects in a part. When the part is magnetized in a circular pattern, any defects that are parallel to the long axis of the part will cause a disruption in the magnetic field, making them easier to detect. Therefore, the correct answer is that circular magnetization can be used to detect defects parallel to the long axis of the part.

Liquid penetrant inspection method is a nondestructive testing technique used to detect surface defects in materials. It involves applying a liquid penetrant to the surface of the material, allowing it to seep into any cracks or defects, and then removing the excess penetrant. The penetrant will leave behind a visible indication if there is a defect present. This method is commonly used on ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, and nonporous plastics as these materials can easily be penetrated by the liquid and provide accurate results. However, it is not suitable for porous plastics or smooth primer-sealed wood as the liquid penetrant may not be able to seep into the material effectively.

The metallic ring test is used to determine the soundness of a bonded honeycomb repair after it has cured. This test involves tapping the repaired area with a metallic object, such as a coin or a ring, and listening to the sound produced. A solid, well-bonded repair will produce a clear, metallic ring, indicating that the repair is sound. If the repair is not properly bonded or has any defects, it will produce a dull or muffled sound, indicating that further inspection or repair is needed.

An aircraft maintenance technician should be familiar with weld nomenclature so that they can make accurate visual comparisons. This is important because they need to be able to visually assess the quality and integrity of welds in order to ensure that they meet the required standards and are safe for use. By understanding the nomenclature, the technician can identify different types of welds and compare them to visual standards to determine if they are acceptable or if any repairs or adjustments are necessary. This knowledge also helps in communicating and documenting the condition of welds accurately.

When a part is placed between the heads of the magnetizing machine and current flows through the specimen, the part is magnetized by the circular method. This means that the current flows in a circular path, creating a circular magnetic field that magnetizes the part. This method is commonly used in applications such as electromagnetic induction, where a changing magnetic field is used to generate an electric current.

Dye penetrant inspection, eddy current inspection, ultrasonic inspection, and visual inspection are all suitable methods to detect cracks open to the surface in aluminum forgings and castings. Dye penetrant inspection involves applying a colored dye to the surface, which seeps into any cracks or defects, making them visible. Eddy current inspection uses electromagnetic induction to detect surface cracks by measuring changes in electrical conductivity. Ultrasonic inspection uses high-frequency sound waves to detect internal and surface defects. Visual inspection involves visually examining the surface for any visible cracks or defects. These methods are commonly used in non-destructive testing to ensure the quality and integrity of aluminum forgings and castings.

The term "fiberoptic" is the correct answer because it accurately describes the type of borescope that the cop uses. A fiberoptic borescope utilizes a bundle of optical glass fibers to transmit light and images, allowing the user to inspect and navigate through narrow or hard-to-reach spaces. This technology is commonly used in various industries, including law enforcement, for tasks such as surveillance, inspection, and investigation.