Polyatomic Ions (Chem 150)

Phosphate is the correct answer because PO4 3- is the chemical formula for the phosphate ion. Phosphate is an inorganic compound that consists of one phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. It is commonly found in biological systems, such as DNA, RNA, and ATP, where it plays a crucial role in energy transfer and storage. Phosphate also acts as a buffer in maintaining the pH balance in cells.

Nitrite (NO2-) is a chemical compound that consists of one nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms. It is an anion, meaning it carries a negative charge. Nitrite is commonly found in various chemical reactions and compounds, and it is often used in the food industry as a preservative. It can also be found in the environment, particularly in water sources. Nitrite is an important compound in chemistry and biology, as it plays a role in the nitrogen cycle and can be converted into other nitrogen compounds.

Sulfate (SO4 2-) is a polyatomic ion that consists of one sulfur atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. It has a charge of -2, indicated by the superscript. Sulfate is a common ion found in many compounds, such as sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4). It is often used in industrial processes, such as in the production of fertilizers and detergents. Sulfate ions also play important roles in biological systems, such as being involved in the synthesis of proteins and the regulation of cell functions.

The given answer "Hydroxide" is correct because OH- represents a hydroxide ion. The hydroxide ion consists of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom, carrying a negative charge. It is commonly found in chemical compounds and is known for its basic properties.

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Cyanide is a highly toxic compound that consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. It is commonly found in various forms, such as hydrogen cyanide and potassium cyanide. Cyanide is known for its ability to interfere with the body's ability to use oxygen, leading to severe health effects and even death. It is often associated with cases of poisoning, particularly in industrial settings or as a result of accidental ingestion. Due to its extreme toxicity, cyanide is regulated and controlled in many countries to prevent its misuse.

Phosphite is the correct answer because it refers to the chemical formula PO3 3-. Phosphite is an ion that contains phosphorus and oxygen, with a -3 charge. It is commonly used in agriculture as a fertilizer and fungicide. The term "phosphite" is derived from phosphorus and the suffix "-ite" which indicates a lower oxidation state of the element.

Nitrate (NO3-) is an anion that consists of one nitrogen atom bonded to three oxygen atoms. It is commonly found in fertilizers and is an essential nutrient for plants. Nitrate can also be produced through natural processes such as lightning and bacterial action in soil. In addition, nitrate can be found in water sources, and high levels of nitrate in drinking water can be harmful to human health, especially for infants. Therefore, it is important to monitor nitrate levels in both agricultural and environmental settings.

Acetate is the correct answer because C2H3O2- represents the acetate ion. Acetate is a negatively charged ion that is derived from acetic acid. It is commonly found in many organic compounds and is widely used in various industries. The formula C2H3O2- indicates the presence of two carbon atoms, three hydrogen atoms, and two oxygen atoms in the acetate ion.

Chlorite is the correct answer because ClO2- is the chemical formula for the chlorite ion. Chlorite is an anion that consists of one chlorine atom bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is commonly found in various compounds and is known for its oxidizing properties.

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HSO3- is the chemical formula for the hydrogen sulfite ion. It consists of one hydrogen atom bonded to a sulfite ion, which is made up of one sulfur atom and three oxygen atoms. The name "Hydrogen sulfite" accurately describes this compound, as it indicates the presence of hydrogen and sulfite in the ion.

Chlorate (ClO3-) is an ion that consists of a chlorine atom bonded to three oxygen atoms. It is called chlorate because it is derived from the element chlorine. The -ate suffix indicates that the ion has a negative charge. Chlorate ions are commonly found in compounds such as sodium chlorate and potassium chlorate.

HPO4 2- is the chemical formula for hydrogen phosphate. Hydrogen phosphate is an anion that consists of one hydrogen atom, one phosphorus atom, and four oxygen atoms. It is formed when one hydrogen ion is added to the phosphate ion (PO4 3-). Hydrogen phosphate is commonly found in various compounds and plays important roles in biological and chemical processes.

The correct answer is "Hydrogen carbonate" because HCO3- is the chemical formula for the hydrogen carbonate ion. This ion is also known as bicarbonate and is formed when carbonic acid (H2CO3) loses a proton (H+). Hydrogen carbonate is an important ion in chemistry and biology, as it plays a role in maintaining the pH balance in blood and acts as a buffer to prevent drastic changes in acidity.

The given correct answer, "Dihydrogen phosphate," is the correct name for the H2PO4- ion. This is because the ion consists of two hydrogen atoms (di-) bonded to a phosphate group (hydrogen phosphate). The phosphate group is made up of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms. Therefore, the name "Dihydrogen phosphate" accurately describes the composition of the H2PO4- ion.

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