Family Planning And Contraception

The best protection from syphilis and STDs is the use of condoms. Condoms act as a barrier method, preventing direct contact between sexual partners and reducing the risk of transmission of infections. They are highly effective in preventing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases when used consistently and correctly. Other options such as IUCD, vasectomy, and Mala N are not specifically designed for protection against syphilis and STDs.

The most common side effect of IUD insertion is bleeding. This is because the IUD can cause irritation and inflammation in the uterus, leading to some spotting or light bleeding. This is usually temporary and should subside within a few days or weeks. It is important to note that heavy or prolonged bleeding should be reported to a healthcare provider as it may indicate a more serious issue.

The correct answer is d. All of the above. Natural methods of contraception include the rhythm method, coitus interruptus, and breastfeeding. The rhythm method involves tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to determine when she is most fertile and avoiding intercourse during that time. Coitus interruptus, also known as the "pull-out" method, involves withdrawing the penis before ejaculation to prevent sperm from entering the vagina. Breastfeeding can act as a natural contraceptive method, as it can delay the return of ovulation and menstruation. Therefore, all of these methods are considered natural forms of contraception.

Condoms are considered an example of 'Conventional Contraception' because they are a widely used and easily accessible method of contraception. They are a barrier method that prevents pregnancy by physically blocking sperm from entering the uterus. Condoms are effective in preventing both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They are also reversible and do not require any medical procedures or hormonal interventions. Therefore, condoms are a popular choice for individuals who want to have control over their reproductive health without any long-term commitments or side effects.

The most common side effect of IUD insertion is bleeding. This is because the IUD can cause irritation to the lining of the uterus, leading to some amount of bleeding. This bleeding is usually mild and may last for a few days or weeks after insertion. It is important for patients to be aware of this potential side effect and to consult with their healthcare provider if the bleeding becomes heavy or prolonged.

Oligospermia is a condition characterized by a low sperm count. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), oligospermia is defined as having less than 20 million sperm per high power field (HPF). This means that if a semen sample is examined under a microscope and there are less than 20 million sperm visible in each HPF, it would be considered oligospermia. Therefore, option d, which states "

The diaphragm is a temporary contraceptive method that can be used by a well-educated woman who is 37 years old. It is a barrier method that is inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix and prevent sperm from reaching the egg. It is a good choice for women who want to have control over their contraception and can be used for multiple acts of intercourse. It does not require hormones and has a lower risk of side effects compared to other methods.

The correct answer is c. Wife in age group 15-45 years. This means that for a couple to be eligible, the wife must be between the ages of 15 and 45. This age range is likely chosen because it is the typical childbearing age range for women.

Azoospermia refers to the absence of sperm in the semen. This condition can be caused by various factors such as hormonal imbalances, blockages in the reproductive tract, genetic disorders, or certain medical treatments. It is different from aspermia, which refers to the absence of semen ejaculation, and oligospermia, which refers to a low sperm count. Asthenozoospermia, on the other hand, refers to reduced sperm motility.

All of the above options are correct because the government of India provides all of these contraceptives free of cost under the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) program. Condoms, IUDs, vasectomy, and tubectomy are all part of the family planning methods offered by the government to promote reproductive health and control population growth.

The question is asking about what is measured in Pearl index. The Pearl index is a measure of the effectiveness of a contraceptive method in preventing accidental pregnancies. Therefore, the correct answer is "b. No. of accidental gestations."

Conventional contraceptives are those that require action at the time of intercourse. This means that these contraceptives need to be used or taken during sexual activity to prevent pregnancy. Examples of conventional contraceptives include condoms, diaphragms, and spermicides. These methods work by creating a barrier or by killing or immobilizing sperm to prevent fertilization. Unlike other types of contraceptives that can be used before or after intercourse, conventional contraceptives must be used during the act itself to be effective.

Condoms are more preferred because they have reduced side effects. This means that condoms are less likely to cause any negative reactions or complications compared to other contraceptive methods. This could include allergic reactions, irritation, or discomfort. By choosing condoms, individuals can minimize the risk of experiencing any adverse effects while still effectively preventing unwanted pregnancies and protecting against sexually transmitted infections.

To achieve NRR=1, couple protection rate must be minimum of over 60%. This means that at least 60% of couples must be using some form of protection to prevent pregnancy. If the couple protection rate is lower than 60%, it would not be sufficient to achieve a Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) of 1, which is the replacement level fertility rate.

The Yuzpee and Lancee Method is used for emergency contraception with OCPs. This method involves taking high doses of oral contraceptive pills within a specific time frame after unprotected intercourse to prevent pregnancy. It is an effective option for emergency contraception when other methods are not available or suitable.

The correct answer is c. 150-180. This means that for every 1000 people in India, there are approximately 150-180 eligible couples. This could be interpreted as the number of couples who are of marriageable age and are considered eligible for marriage. This statistic gives an indication of the population's demographic and could be used for various purposes such as planning for social welfare programs or understanding the demand for marriage-related services.

The correct answer is c. Surface area of copper in sq. mm. In Cu-T 380A, 380 represents the surface area of copper in square millimeters. This indicates the amount of copper present in the Cu-T 380A device. The surface area of copper is an important factor in determining the effectiveness and efficiency of the device in providing contraception.

Oral contraceptives have been found to decrease the risk of developing hepatocellular adenoma, a type of liver tumor. This is because the hormones in oral contraceptives can help regulate cell growth in the liver and prevent the development of abnormal cells that can lead to adenoma formation. However, it is important to note that while oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of hepatocellular adenoma, they may also slightly increase the risk of other types of liver tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, it is crucial to weigh the benefits and risks with a healthcare provider before starting oral contraceptives.