Two major kingdoms
About 360 autonomous political entities
Four rival political blocs
Three major kingdoms
Give rival political blocks
Calvinism was a pacifist religion, and Calvinists refused to serve in the military
Calvinists formed an alliance with Catholics against Lutherans
Calvinists supported peasant revolts
Calvinism was not included in the Peace of Augsberg religious/political settlement, but the Elector of Palatine converted to Calvinism
Calvinists seized power in Bavaria, a powerful German state
The king of Denmark, a Lutheran, invades Germany
Richelieu declares an alliance with Protestant Germany
A Catholic comes to the throne in protestant Bohemia, and attempts to restore Catholicism with the help of the Holy Roman Emperor
The Bohemians revolt against Bavarian rule
Saxony invades Bavaria
He converted to Calvinism
He wanted to keep the Habsburg (Austrian) armies tied down in Germany
He wanted to seize German territory
His military cheif, Wallenstein, urged him to enter the war on the side of Sweden
He wanted to be named the Holy Roman Emperor
Made peace between the Holy Roman Empire and France
Allowed leaders to choose the religion that their people would pracitce
Acknowledged Calvinism as a legal religion
Restablished the laws of the Peace of Augsberg
True
False
Modernism
Classicism
Neoclassicism
Romanticism
Baroque
"Paris is worth a mass"
"Death to the heretics"
"Vive la difference"
"Where there is fire there is smoke"
They were well known for their own personal piety and devotion
They were committed to suppressing heresy
They encouraged moderation and toleration
They argued that religion has no influence on politics
They embraced Christian pacifism
All French citizens must become Catholics
Henry IV is now king
Protestants may worship freely, but have to pay an additional tax
The memory of France's religious wars is to be entirely wiped out
Hugenots may not hold public office
Parisian elites
German peasants
French Hugenots
Dutch merchants
Italian laborers
True
False
The Austrians revolted against Spanish rule
Charles V himself split his kingdom, giving the eastern half to his brother, Phillip's uncle
Charles V had only ruled Austria because it was his wife's inheritance
Phillip II thought that the empire would be too large for him to rule
The Spanish refused to make Phillip II king unless he renounced the Austrian possessions
Inflation
Popultion growth, especially in the towns
Growing differences between rich and poor
Growth of a more efficient bureaucracy and military, paid for by America silver and gold
Spainish military victories against England and the Netherlands
Phillip II's insistence that the Council of Trent be enforced throughout the Netherlands
Phillip II's efforts to raise a Dutch army to fight the English
The Perpetual Edict
Dutch efforts to create a centralized, unified republic
The Spanish massacre of Dutch Calvinists
Kosovo
Genoa
Lepanto
Utrecht
The Aegean
The Duke of Alba's invasion of the Netherlands
French massacres of Protestants, which left England the only defender of the Protestants
Spain's attacks on English privateers seizing Spanish treasure ships
Mary Queen of Scot's Catholic-backed plot against Queen Elizabeth
Elizabeth I's radical Protestantism, which was opposed to all forms of Catholicism
Advocate religious tolerance
Permit premartial sex
Educate girls
Advocate religious violence
Advocate gender equality
Several doctrinal concessions to the reformers
Creation of new seminaries
Reform of the office of bishop
Efforts to control the morality of churchmen
Steps to curtail the sale of church offices
Favor clerical marriage
Encourage basic education
Oppose monasticism
Encourage a choice of virginity over marriage, which was seen as a degraded state
Attempt to use state power to enforce morality
Protestant
Catholic
Calvinist
Lutheran
The "exile" in Avignon
The Great Schism, with competing popes
The Conciliar movement
The laity toward (unwillingness to attack) hereticial movements such as the Albigensians
The excesses of Reniassance popes
The prosperous parts of Holland
London and other English cities
The French countryside
Austria
The free imperial cities of Germany and Switzerland
Allowed important ecclesiatical posts to be sold to the highest bidder
Distributed charity throughout Europe
Allowed poor men and women to become nuns and monks
Was first developed by the Brothers of Common Life
Was supported by most lay Catholics
God had foreordained who will be saved and who will be punished
Christians must set salvation as their only goal before it can be achieved
Theological doctrine must begin with the ends of faith and then work back to the means
Only men are capable of salvation
Divorce is a mortal sin
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