Neurotransmitters Week 123

1. True or False. Neurones only make one neurotransmitter.

This theory, called Dales principle, is largely discredited. Many neurones make one small molecule neurotransmitter and one peptide neurotransmitter. However, in practical terms it is often useful to consider neurones as only making one neurotransmitter. For example, serotinergic neurones make serotonin.

Explanation

This theory, called Dales principle, is largely discredited. Many neurones make one small molecule neurotransmitter and one peptide neurotransmitter. However, in practical terms it is often useful to consider neurones as only making one neurotransmitter. For example, serotinergic neurones make serotonin.

Submit

4. Neuropeptide whose actions are mimicked by morphine

Endorphin

Ghrelin

Leptin

Somatostatin

Substance P

5. The main excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system

Acetylcholine

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Glycine

Glutamate

Serotonin

6. Neurotransmitter whose receptors are stimulated by the Parkinsons disease treatment Ropinirole

Acetylcholine

Dopamine

Glutamate

Noradrenaline

Serotonin

7. The main excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system

Acetylcholine

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Glycine

Glutamate

Serotonin

8. The neurotransmitter whose abundance is increased by fluoxetine

Anandamide

Dopamine

Glutamate

Glycine

Serotonin

9. Receptors whose function is potentiated by benzodiazepines such as lorazepam

Ionotropic glutamate receptors

Dopamine D2 receptors

GABA-A receptors

Glycine receptors

Serotonin 5HT3 receptors

10. Which of the following statements can be applied to "excitatory" neurotransmitters? (Select all that apply)

Bind only to ionotropic receptors

Receptors conduct Cl-

Increase the likelihood that an action potential will be fired

Are found only in the central nervous system

Are blocked by benzodiazepines

The only thing that defines a neurotransmitter as excitatory is if its actions result in an increased likelihood of an actional potential firing. Glutamate is the archetypal excitatory neurotransmitter, tho others can be.

Explanation

The only thing that defines a neurotransmitter as excitatory is if its actions result in an increased likelihood of an actional potential firing. Glutamate is the archetypal excitatory neurotransmitter, tho others can be.

11. Inhibitory neurotransmitter of the spinal cord that appears to have only ionotropic (no metabotropic) receptors

Adenosine

Dopamine

Glycine

Glutamate

Noradrenaline

12. Neurotransmitter whose receptors are blocked by the antipsychotic haloperidol

Acetylcholine

Dopamine

Glutamate

Noradrenaline

Serotonin

13. Which receptors are blocked by ondansetron

Glycine receptors

GABA-A receptors

Metabotropic glutamate receptors

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Serotonin 5HT3 receptors

14. Neurotransmitter whose actions at ionotropic receptors will result in an EPSP

Anandamide

Dopamine

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Glycine

Glutamate

EPSP stands for Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential. This term refers to the local depolarization that occurs when glutamate binds to ligand-gated sodium channels. If enough EPSPs are generated in a sufficient timeframe, an action potential will fire

Explanation

EPSP stands for Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential. This term refers to the local depolarization that occurs when glutamate binds to ligand-gated sodium channels. If enough EPSPs are generated in a sufficient timeframe, an action potential will fire

15. Within the CNS, is made principally by the raphe nuclei.

Acetylcholine

Dopamine

Glutamate

Serotonin

Substance P

16. Which of the following elements in the life of a neurotransmitter are targeted pharmacologically to treat neurological and psychiatric diseases?

Degrading enzymes

Presynaptic receptors

Postsynaptic receptors

Synthesising enzymes

Transporters

Submit

17. Major anatomical site(s) which give(s) rise to dopaminergic projections

Cerebellum

Locus coeruleus

Paravertebral ganglia

Substantia Nigra

Ventral Tegmental Area

Submit

18. Neurotransmitter transporters...... (Select all that apply)

Clear "excess" neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft

Are also used to pack neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles

Exist for every known neurotransmitter

Are a site of action for many clinically important drugs

Are operated by Arriva Trains

There are many different types of transporter, with some neurotransmitters having more than one. Transporters have not (yet) been found for some neurotransmitters (eg endocannabinoids).

Explanation

There are many different types of transporter, with some neurotransmitters having more than one. Transporters have not (yet) been found for some neurotransmitters (eg endocannabinoids).

Submit

19. Is/are broken down by Monoamine Oxidase A

Acetylcholine

Dopamine

Glycine

Noradrenaline

Serotonin

These three (and many other) neurotransmitters are called monoamines due to their chemistry.

Explanation

These three (and many other) neurotransmitters are called monoamines due to their chemistry.

Submit

Neurotransmitters Week 123

1. True or False. Neurones only make one neurotransmitter.

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. What is the general term given to the type of neurotransmitter receptor that does not directly conduct ions through a pore. This type of receptor is coupled to intracellular signalling mechanisms, usually through G-proteins.

3. What is the general term given to the type of neurotransmitter receptor that conducts ions through a pore?

4. Neuropeptide whose actions are mimicked by morphine

5. The main excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system

6. Neurotransmitter whose receptors are stimulated by the Parkinsons disease treatment Ropinirole

7. The main excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system

8. The neurotransmitter whose abundance is increased by fluoxetine

9. Receptors whose function is potentiated by benzodiazepines such as lorazepam

10. Which of the following statements can be applied to "excitatory" neurotransmitters? (Select all that apply)

11. Inhibitory neurotransmitter of the spinal cord that appears to have only ionotropic (no metabotropic) receptors

12. Neurotransmitter whose receptors are blocked by the antipsychotic haloperidol

13. Which receptors are blocked by ondansetron

14. Neurotransmitter whose actions at ionotropic receptors will result in an EPSP

15. Within the CNS, is made principally by the raphe nuclei.

16. Which of the following elements in the life of a neurotransmitter are targeted pharmacologically to treat neurological and psychiatric diseases?

17. Major anatomical site(s) which give(s) rise to dopaminergic projections

18. Neurotransmitter transporters...... (Select all that apply)

19. Is/are broken down by Monoamine Oxidase A