Network Naming

Explanation
The correct answer is to replace the NIC on the server because it has failed. This is indicated by the fact that the server is unable to PING its own loopback address or any client systems. The failure of the NIC is preventing network connectivity, so replacing it is the appropriate solution to restore connectivity. Restarting the DNS or DHCP server would not resolve the issue as the problem lies with the NIC. Having users PING the server would not be necessary or helpful in this situation.

Explanation
When trying to resolve an FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) to an IP address, the first thing checked is the HOSTS file. The HOSTS file is a local file on a computer that contains a mapping of IP addresses to hostnames. It is typically used to override the DNS (Domain Name System) resolution process and provide specific IP address mappings for certain hostnames. By checking the HOSTS file first, the system can quickly resolve the FQDN to the corresponding IP address without having to query external DNS servers.

Explanation
To troubleshoot a network using NetBIOS, the command "net view" is used to see if the other local systems are visible. This command allows the user to view a list of all the shared resources on a network and check if the other systems are accessible and visible. By using "net view," the user can identify any connectivity or visibility issues within the network and proceed with further troubleshooting steps if necessary.

Explanation
A WINS server is used for two main reasons. Firstly, it helps reduce overhead from broadcasts. By using a WINS server, computers can register their NetBIOS names and resolve the names of other computers without relying on broadcast messages, which can cause network congestion. Secondly, a WINS server enables NetBIOS name resolution across routers. NetBIOS names are typically limited to the local subnet, but with a WINS server, computers can resolve NetBIOS names across different subnets by querying the WINS server for the IP address associated with a particular name.

Explanation
MX record is the correct answer because it is specifically used by mail servers to determine the mail exchange servers responsible for accepting incoming email messages for a particular domain. MX records point to the domain names of these mail exchange servers, allowing the mail to be properly routed and delivered to the intended recipients.

Explanation
The correct answer is "ipconfig /displaydns". This command is used to view the DNS cache on a Windows system. It displays all the cached DNS records, including the host name, type, TTL (Time to Live), and the corresponding IP address. This can be useful for troubleshooting DNS-related issues or checking the status of DNS resolutions on the system.

Explanation
The correct answer is "nbtstat -c". Nbtstat is a command-line tool used to troubleshoot NetBIOS name resolution problems. The "-c" option is used to display the current NetBIOS name cache. This command allows you to view the names that have been resolved to IP addresses and are currently stored in the cache. By checking the current NetBIOS name cache, you can verify if the names are being resolved correctly and troubleshoot any potential issues.

Explanation
The first troubleshooting step is to PING the loopback address to test the user's NIC (Network Interface Card). This step helps determine if the NIC is functioning properly. The loopback address is a virtual network interface that allows a device to test its own network functionality.

The second troubleshooting step is to PING several neighboring systems using both DNS names and IP addresses. This step helps identify if there is a network connectivity issue between the user's system and other systems on the network. By testing with both DNS names and IP addresses, it helps determine if the issue is related to DNS resolution or IP connectivity.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Flat name space." A flat name space refers to a naming system where all names are unique and exist in a single level, without any hierarchical structure. In this context, the suggestion to "PING several neighboring systems using both DNS names and IP addresses" indicates that the naming system being used does not rely on a hierarchical structure like DNS. Instead, it uses a flat name space where each system has a unique name or IP address.

Explanation
The DNS root directory is represented by a dot symbol. In the DNS (Domain Name System) hierarchy, the root directory is the highest level and is represented by a dot. This dot signifies the starting point for the DNS resolution process and separates the different levels in a domain name. It is used to indicate the top-level domain (TLD) and is followed by the domain name hierarchy, such as .com, .org, or .net.