Synchros, Servos And Gyros Principles: Exam!

A differential synchro is capable of accepting two signals simultaneously and performing addition or subtraction operations on them. This type of synchro is commonly used in various applications, such as control systems and navigation devices, where the ability to combine or differentiate signals is required. By utilizing a differential synchro, the user can effectively process multiple signals and obtain the desired output based on the addition or subtraction operation.

A synchro is a type of electrical device used for measuring angles or providing positional feedback. It consists of two major components: the rotor and the stator. The rotor is the moving part of the synchro, which rotates in response to an external force or input. The stator, on the other hand, is the stationary part of the synchro, which generates a magnetic field that interacts with the rotor. Together, the rotor and the stator work in tandem to provide accurate angle measurements or positional feedback in various applications.

The two general classifications of synchro systems are torque and control. Torque refers to the rotational force or power that is generated by the synchro system, while control refers to the ability to manipulate or regulate the synchro system's operation. These classifications are important in understanding and designing synchro systems, as they determine how the system functions and can be controlled.

A tachometer is usually used to provide feedback in a velocity servo loop. A tachometer is a device that measures the rotational speed of a motor or shaft. In a velocity servo loop, the tachometer is used to provide feedback on the actual speed of the system. This feedback is then compared to the desired speed, allowing the servo loop to make adjustments and maintain the desired velocity.

The basic difference between an open-loop control system and a closed-loop control system lies in the system of feedback. In an open-loop control system, there is no feedback mechanism, which means that the output is not compared to the desired input. On the other hand, a closed-loop control system utilizes a feedback mechanism to continuously monitor the output and compare it to the desired input, making adjustments as necessary to maintain the desired output. This feedback loop allows for greater accuracy and stability in the control system.

When an AC voltmeter is connected between windings S1 and S3 of a synchro transmitter, a zero voltage reading will be obtained when the rotor is at the position of 180º. This is because at this position, the voltages induced in windings S1 and S3 will be equal in magnitude but opposite in phase, resulting in their sum being zero.

A gyro must have two gimbals in order to be universally mounted. Gimbals are mechanical devices that allow an object to rotate freely in any direction. In the case of a gyro, two gimbals are necessary to allow rotation in two perpendicular axes. This allows the gyro to maintain its orientation regardless of the external forces acting upon it. Having only one gimbal would limit the range of motion and stability of the gyro, while having three or more gimbals would be unnecessary for universal mounting.

Hunting refers to a condition in a position servo system where the system oscillates or hunts around the desired position. This can occur when the system's control loop is not properly tuned or when there is excessive gain in the system. The oscillations can cause the system to overshoot and undershoot the desired position, resulting in a series of overtravels. Therefore, the correct term for the given condition is hunting.

A simple synchro transmission system requires at least two synchro devices. Synchro devices are used to transmit information about the position or angle of a rotating object to another device. In a synchro transmission system, one synchro device is used to measure the position or angle of the rotating object, while the other synchro device is used to receive and interpret this information. Therefore, at least two synchro devices are needed for a simple synchro transmission system to function properly.

A double receiver has the disadvantage of requiring the entire unit to be replaced if one portion fails. This means that even if only one receiver is faulty, both receivers need to be replaced, leading to additional costs and inconvenience. In contrast, with two single receivers, only the faulty receiver needs to be replaced, which is more cost-effective and efficient. Additionally, replacing the entire unit can also result in wasted space, as the functional receiver may have to be replaced unnecessarily.

Servo systems can be found in all of the mentioned forms, namely pneumatic, hydraulic, and electromechanical. Pneumatic servo systems use compressed air to control motion, while hydraulic servo systems use fluid power. Electromechanical servo systems, on the other hand, utilize electric motors to achieve precise control. Therefore, the correct answer is "Each of the above" as all three forms can be used in servo systems.

A gyro is designed to maintain its spin axis direction, regardless of external forces. This means that if any force tries to change the direction in which the gyro is spinning, it will resist and try to maintain its original spin axis direction. This property is utilized in various applications, such as navigation systems and stabilizers, where the gyro's resistance to changes in spin axis direction helps maintain stability and accuracy.

A drum or wound rotor can be composed of a single winding or three Y-connected windings. This type of rotor is commonly used in induction motors and allows for variable speed control. The windings on the rotor can be connected in different configurations to achieve different performance characteristics.

When the S1 and S3 leads of a synchro are shorted together and the synchro tester dial moves, it indicates that the synchro is not zeroed correctly. This means that there is an error in the alignment or calibration of the synchro, causing it to not accurately indicate the desired position or measurement.

Both open-loop and closed-loop systems are control systems.

An open-loop system is a control system where the output does not affect the input or the control action. It operates based on a predetermined set of inputs and does not have any feedback mechanism. Examples of open-loop systems include a washing machine with a timer or a traffic signal that operates on a fixed schedule.

A closed-loop system, on the other hand, is a control system that uses feedback to continuously monitor and adjust the output based on the desired input. It compares the actual output to the desired output and makes corrections accordingly. Examples of closed-loop systems include a thermostat that maintains a constant room temperature or a cruise control system in a car.

Therefore, both open-loop and closed-loop systems are considered control systems.

If the bandwidth of the servo amplifier is adjusted to reject unwanted noise signals, it would affect the amplifier gain. By adjusting the bandwidth, the amplifier's ability to amplify the desired signal accurately would be compromised. This means that the gain of the amplifier would be reduced, resulting in a decrease in the amplification of the desired signal.

Torque is defined as the amount of load a machine can turn. It is the rotational force that causes an object to rotate around an axis. Torque is dependent on the force applied and the distance from the axis of rotation. It is commonly measured in units of Newton-meters (Nm) or foot-pounds (ft-lb) and is used to describe the turning ability or power of a machine.

If the output of a control transformer is zero, it means that there is no power being transferred from the primary side to the secondary side of the transformer. In this case, the rotors of the control transformer and the control transmitters are in correspondence, meaning they are aligned and functioning properly.

The reference point for the alignment of all synchro units is electrical zero. This means that the synchro units are aligned based on their electrical characteristics and signals. Electrical zero is a point of reference that helps ensure accurate synchronization and alignment of the units.

A two-degrees-of-freedom gyro is a universally mounted gyro because it is capable of movement in two different directions. This means that it can measure rotation around two axes, providing more accurate and comprehensive information about the object's orientation in space.

A synchro is a device that accurately senses and transmits position information using electromechanical means. It is designed to convert angular position into an electrical signal. The term "position-sensing" accurately describes a synchro because it is used to sense the position of a rotating object. Additionally, a synchro is an electromechanical device because it combines electrical and mechanical components to function. Lastly, it is also rotary in nature as it is specifically designed to measure and transmit rotary position information. Therefore, the term "Each of the above" accurately describes a synchro.

In a TDX system, the TR rotor can follow the TX rotor exactly when the TDX rotor is kept in the 0 degree position. This means that the TDX rotor is aligned with the TX rotor and there is no angular displacement between them. Keeping the TDX rotor in this position ensures that the two rotors move synchronously and maintain the desired functionality of the TDX system.

In a tri-speed synchro system, the coarse synchro should be zeroed first. The coarse synchro is responsible for the largest and fastest movements, so by zeroing it first, we ensure that the system is properly calibrated for larger adjustments. Once the coarse synchro is zeroed, the medium and fine synchros can be zeroed in sequence to fine-tune the system for smaller and more precise adjustments.

Each of the objects mentioned in the options has gyroscopic properties. A spinning top exhibits gyroscopic stability due to its rotational motion. Similarly, a wheel on a moving bicycle possesses gyroscopic properties that contribute to its stability while in motion. The moving blade assembly of an electric fan also demonstrates gyroscopic behavior as it rotates and maintains its orientation. Therefore, all the objects listed in the options have gyroscopic properties.

Forces of translation refer to the forces that act through the center of gravity of a gyro but do not cause precession. These forces simply cause the gyro to move in a straight line without any rotational motion. Precession, on the other hand, is caused by external forces acting at a point other than the center of gravity, resulting in a change in the orientation of the gyro. Therefore, forces of translation are the correct term for the forces that do not cause precession.

A synchro receiver is a type of transformer that is used to convert electrical signals into mechanical motion. Unlike an ordinary transformer, a synchro receiver has a primary that can rotate in relation to the secondary. This allows the synchro receiver to accurately track and align with the source of the electrical signals, making it ideal for applications such as control systems and navigation devices. The rotation of the primary helps to ensure precise synchronization between the electrical input and the mechanical output, which is not a characteristic found in an ordinary transformer.

The correct answer is (a) TDX (b) TDR. This is because a TDX synchro device has one electrical and one mechanical input, and an electrical output. On the other hand, a TDR synchro device has two electrical inputs and a mechanical output. Therefore, the combination of TDX and TDR fulfills the given criteria for both (a) and (b).

The correct answer is Each of the above. This is because "dual-speed," "two-speed," and "twin-speed" are all terms that can be used to refer to synchro systems that transmit data at two different speeds. Each of these terms describes the same concept of a system capable of operating at multiple speeds.

The purpose of the coarse setting during synchro alignment is to ensure a setting of zero degrees rather than 180 degrees. This means that the coarse setting helps in aligning the synchro device in such a way that it accurately represents the desired position or angle of the system being monitored. By setting it to zero degrees, it eliminates any potential confusion or error that might occur if it were set to 180 degrees, ensuring accurate measurements and readings.

If a synchro has bad bearings, the correct action to take would be to replace the synchro. Bad bearings can cause the synchro to malfunction or fail completely, leading to issues with synchronization and transmission operation. Simply lubricating the synchro or continuing to use it would not address the underlying problem of the bad bearings. Therefore, the most appropriate solution is to replace the synchro entirely.

The CX and CDX differ from the TX and TDX because they have higher impedance windings. Impedance is the opposition to the flow of electrical current in a circuit, and higher impedance means that the windings have more resistance to the current. This difference in impedance can affect the performance and behavior of the CX and CDX compared to the TX and TDX models.

When a synchro is overloaded, it means that it is being subjected to a higher level of electrical or mechanical stress than it is designed to handle. This can lead to an increase in temperature within the synchro, causing it to become excessively hot. Therefore, the correct answer is excessive temperature.

The correct answer is "The way it is connected in the system." The differential synchro device can either add or subtract its inputs depending on how it is connected in the system. The connections determine the relationship between the inputs and the outputs of the device, allowing it to either add or subtract the inputs.

The synchro device that uses a synchro capacitor is CDX.

The synchro system that should be used to transmit very large quantities is the tri-speed system. This system is capable of handling high volumes of data transmission efficiently and effectively. The single-speed and two-speed systems may not have the necessary capacity to handle very large quantities of data, making them less suitable for this purpose. Therefore, the tri-speed system is the most appropriate option for transmitting large quantities of data.

A servo system requires a balance between amplification and damping in order to operate smoothly and efficiently. Amplification refers to the system's ability to increase the input signal, allowing for precise control and movement. Damping, on the other hand, is responsible for reducing oscillations and preventing overshooting, ensuring stability and accuracy in the system's response. By achieving the right balance between amplification and damping, the servo system can effectively control its movement without excessive oscillations or overshooting, leading to smoother and more efficient operation.

The term that refers to the ability of a gyro to maintain a fixed position in space is rigidity. A gyro is designed to resist any external forces that may cause it to move or change its position. It achieves this by maintaining a constant orientation and resisting any attempts to disturb its stability. This property of a gyro is known as rigidity.

The two classifications of synchros, light versus heavy load, refer to the different applications in which synchros are used. Light load synchros are typically used in applications where the load is relatively small, such as in aviation or small machinery. Heavy load synchros, on the other hand, are used in applications where the load is larger, such as in heavy machinery or industrial equipment. The difference in application between these two classifications is based on the specific load requirements and the capacity of the synchros to handle them.

A torque receiver is a type of synchro device that provides a mechanical output. It is designed to receive mechanical torque and convert it into electrical signals. This makes it useful in various applications where mechanical motion needs to be translated into electrical signals for control or measurement purposes. Unlike control transformers and transmitters, which are primarily used for electrical signal transmission and control, a torque receiver is specifically designed to handle mechanical inputs and provide a mechanical output.

The terminal board in a synchro provides a point for external connections. This means that it serves as a connection point for external devices or circuits to be connected to the synchro. The terminal board allows for easy and convenient access to the synchro's electrical connections, making it possible to integrate the synchro into larger systems or circuits.

Damping is used to reduce oscillating conditions in a synchro device. Oscillation refers to the back and forth movement or vibration of a system, which can cause instability and inaccuracies in the device's readings. By damping the oscillations, the synchro device can operate more smoothly and provide more accurate and reliable readings.

Synchro capacitors are placed close to the TDX, CDX, or CT in a synchro circuit to maintain system accuracy. Placing them in close proximity to these components helps to minimize any phase shift or error in the signal transmission, ensuring that the synchro system operates with precision. This placement allows for efficient and accurate synchronization of the transmitted and received signals, enhancing the overall performance of the system.

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The stator of a TX receives voltage by a magnetic coupling with the rotor. In a TX (Transformer), the stator and rotor are the two main components. The stator is the stationary part of the transformer, while the rotor is the rotating part. The stator and rotor are magnetically coupled, meaning that they interact with each other through a magnetic field. This magnetic coupling allows the voltage to be transferred from the rotor to the stator, enabling the transformer to function properly.

A potentiometer can be used as a position sensor in a servo system because it is a variable resistor that can measure the position or displacement of an object. It has a sliding contact that moves along a resistive element, and the position of the contact determines the resistance value. This resistance value can be converted into a voltage or current signal that represents the position of the object. Therefore, a potentiometer is commonly used as a position sensor in servo systems to provide feedback and control the position of a motor or actuator.

When an outside force attempts to tilt the spin axis of a gyro, the gyro precesses in a direction at a right angle to the applied force. This means that the gyro will rotate perpendicular to the force being applied, rather than in the same direction or opposite direction. This is due to the gyroscopic effect, which causes a gyro to resist any changes in its orientation. As a result, the gyro will rotate in a direction that is perpendicular to the force, maintaining its stability and original position.

The amount of precession that will result from a given applied force is determined by multiple factors. Rotor speed plays a role as it affects the momentum of the rotor, which in turn affects the amount of precession. Rotor weight is also a determining factor as a heavier rotor will have more inertia and resistance to precession. Rotor shape can also influence precession as different shapes may have different distributions of mass, affecting the overall balance and stability. Therefore, all of these factors - rotor speed, rotor weight, and rotor shape - contribute to the amount of precession that will occur.

The amplitude of the voltage induced in a stator winding of a synchro transmitter is not affected by the speed of data transmission. The voltage induced in the stator winding is primarily determined by the angular displacement between the rotor and stator, the amplitude of the primary voltage, and the turns ratio of the synchro. The speed of data transmission does not directly impact the voltage induced in the stator winding.

An overload indicator is usually installed in the stator circuit of a torque synchro system. This type of indicating device is used to monitor the current flow in the circuit and detect if it exceeds the safe operating limits. It provides a visual or audible alarm when an overload condition occurs, alerting the operator to take necessary action to prevent damage to the system. By monitoring the current, an overload indicator helps ensure the proper functioning and longevity of the torque synchro system.

The correct answer is (a) Large (b) Exact. A servo is typically designed to move a large load to exact positions. Servos are commonly used in robotics and automation systems to precisely control the position, speed, and acceleration of mechanical components. They are capable of providing high torque to move heavy loads accurately to specific positions, making them suitable for applications that require precise control and positioning.