Ncfe Monday Practice 2018

1. The USA has this form of government today.

Dictatorship

Monarchy

Republic/representative democracy

Theocracy

2. During the Enlightenment, we see a shift from monarchies across Europe to revolutions that developed other forms of governments.

True

False

3. Use the quote from Enlightenment thinker Baron de Montesquieu to answer the next question: " The people are extremely well qualified for choosing those whom they are to entrust with part of their authority"- Montesquieu 1748Which best summarizes his view of the responsibilty of citizens in a democracy?

Citizens should lobby for new laws

Citizens vote for their leaders

To respond to public opinion polls

Take part in political campaingns

4. Which of the following would be the greatest cause of death to Native Americans (indigenous peoples) during the Age of Exploration?

Searching for new trade routes to Asia

Disease

Warfare

Slavery

5. FRENCH REVOLUTION FACTORS -unfair taxation -government fraud - feudal oppression CHINESE REVOLUTION FACTORS -government corruption -unfair treatment of poor -desire for freedom IRANIAN REVOLUTION FACTORS -inflation -government mismanagement -large govt. debts Using the information above, which has been a major common factor in all three revolutions?

Growing populations

New advanced technologies

Policy of religious toleration

Weak or corrupt government

6. Urbanization: _____________Immigration: movement to new country

Movement to cities

Movement to farms

Movement of peoples across Europe

Movement to USA

7. The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith "Some of the best English writers upon commerce (trade) set out with observing, that the wealth of a country consists, not in its gold and silver only, but in its lands, houses, and consumable goods of all different kinds. In the course of their reasonings, however, the lands, houses, and consumable goods seem to slip out of their memory, and the strain of their argument frequently supposes that all wealth consists in gold and silver, and that to multiply those metals is the great object of national industry and commerce." According to Adam Smith, some people forget what in determining the wealth of a nation?

Wealth should just be gold and silver

Wealth should be only be in houses and gold

Wealth should be gold, silver and houses, land, and other consumable goods (things you purchase)

Wealth should be just what the national military acquires through power and money

8. What motivated Martin Luther to speak out against the Catholic Church?

The printing press was out and he was angry that he was not promoted to become the Pope

He wanted to create his own religion

9. How has deforestation impacted modern societies today?

Reduced the number of mining jobs within the industry

It has destroyed the wildlife habitats in the areas impacted by deforestation

It has caused water shortages

Increased available resources for industries

10. Trade increased during the Renaissance and the Enlightenment.

True

False

11. By the mid 1800's where did most people live in England?

Farms

Along rivers

Near the coast

Cities

12. Using the political cartoon, identify the statement that would best describe imperialism on the African continent.

Imperialism had a positive impact upon the development of Africa

Imperialism had a lasting impact upon the African continent, even after the European powers left.

Imperialism did not impact the African continent.

Imperialism created a world of change for European nations.

13. What could be the best description of the political cartoon?

The British Empire was powerful and had an impact upon most parts of the globe

England was near the end of the empire during imperialist rule

England gave all nations independence during imperialism era

England had control of the entire globe, and was an all powerful nation-dictatorship

14. Use the following quote in order to answer the question below ...."reason, which is that law teaches all mankind, who would but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions. - John Locke 1689 (Second Treatise on Civil Government Which concept of the Enlightenment would the quote above most likely give support to?

Truth can be discovered through reasoning and logic

Humankind can and should improve over time

People have a right to equality and freedom

What is natural should also be reasonable

15. Read the following from Machiavelli's The Prince:"…men are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous… Nevertheless a prince ought to inspire fear in such a waythat, if he does not win love, he avoids hatred; because he can endure very well being feared whilst he is not hated…"In his book, Niccolo Machiavelli describes people, the world, and how to obtain power. He does not portraythe world and people as they could be but simply as they are. This represents which concept?

Humanism

Traditionalism

Religion

Power

16. Dr. Robert Baker, reports on street conditions in England "In the manufacturing towns of England... additions have been made without regard to either the personal comfort of the inhabitants or the necessaries which congregation requires... neighbourhoods have arisen in which there is neither water nor out-office, not any conveniences for the absolute domestic wants of the occupiers... the streets present architecture of various orders, causeways, dangerous on account of steps, cellar windows without protection, here and there posts and rails, and everywhere clothes lines intersecting them, by which repeated accidents have been occasioned... many cases of broken legs by these unprotected cellars, and by horsemen dismounted by neglected clothes-lines hanging across the streets, were recorded." In the above primary source, what would be the best title or heading about the Industrial Revolution?

Machines of the Industrial Revolution

Tenement Life of the Industrial Revolution

The Enclosure Movement

Karl Marx and Adam Smith led change during the Industrial Revolution

17. Use what you have learned about the Columbian Exchange, in order to analyze the image provided. What is the central idea potrayed about the Columbian Exchange?

Spread of disease was often rapid and all consuming-deadly

Spanish brought horses to the New World

Native Americans were forced to work in mines or farming

Triangular Slave Trade was a profitable venture for many Europeans

18. What would be the best summary of a traditional economic system?

Government control, price controls

Diplomacy, workers help to make the decisions

Private ownership, divisions of labor

Direct trade, no competition, relies on customs and traditions, farming

19. The immediate aim of the Communist is the same as that of all the other proletarian (working class) parties: formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy, conquest of political power by the proletariat. . . . All property relations in the past have continually been subject to historical change consequent upon the change in historical conditions. . . . The distinguishing feature of Communism is not the abolition of property generally, but the abolition of bourgeois property. But modern bourgeois private property is the final and most complete expression of the system of producing and appropriating products, that is based on class antagonisms, on the exploitation of the many by the few. In this sense, the theory of the Communists may be summed up in the single sentence: Abolition (get rid of )of private property. According to the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx, what is one central theme of the communists?

Destruction of private property

Ownership of property for all people

Wealth determined by rebellion

Free market society

20. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."This quote came from which document?

American Independence

Declaration of Independence

Olive Branch Letter

Mayflower Compact

21. England is an island nation. It is geographically separated from other nations in Europe. This separation led to the construction of the Chunnel, an underwater tunnel between England and France. Which is the likely result of the building of the Chunnel?

Conflict between England and other European nations over trade rights

Greater trade and travel between England and other nations

European use of the British pound as a standard for trade

Decreased value of EU's currency

22. How did power and authority change during the Renaissance and Reformation Eras?

The Catholic Church became more powerful and controlled more aspects of life

The military gained total control of many of the lands in Europe and became the authority

The Catholic Church lost power over the people and the monarchs became more powerful

The serfs and peasants rose in revolt and gained power in many European countries

23. Use the quote from Charles Darwin in order to answer the question, " Can we doubt (remembering that many more individuals are born than can possibly survive) that individuals having any advantage, however slight, over others, would have the best chance of surviving and of (reproducing) their kind? This preservation of favourable variations and the rejection of injurious variations, I call Natural Selection." Based on the quote, how might a social Darwinist explain divisions within society?

The upper class willingly sacrifices its own well-being to help the lower class

The upper and lower classes work together to ensure the success of both groups

The social classes are divided equally to ensure equal access to all opportunities

The upper class better adapts and thrives within modern societies than the middle and lower classes

24. Use the following quote from Romesh Dutt, concerning Imperialism in India in order to answer the question. " Englishmen... have given the people of India the greatest human blessing-peace. They have introduced Western education. This has brought an ancient and civilized nation in touch with modern thought, modern science, and modern life. They have built and administration that is strong and efficient. They have framed wise laws established courts of justice." Which of the statements reflects the author's view of Imperialism Impact in India?

Imperialism helped the people of India by advancing and modernizing their government structures

Imperialism helped the people of India to improve the barter system

Imperialism harmed the people of India by replacing their traditional culture through modernization

Imperialism harmed the people of India by weakening their administrations

25. Which statement would best summarize Montesquieu's view of government? " The political liberty of the subject is a tranquility of mind, arising from the opinion each person has of his safety. In order to have this liberty, it is requisite the government be so constituted as one man need not be afraid of another. When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty, because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner. Again, there is no liberty, if power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers. - (Spirit of Laws 1748)

Governments should be ruled by a monarch

Governments should not give too much liberty to people

Government should be divided so that it remains fair to citizens

Government should be controlled by one group of magistrates

26. Which of the following statements would not be true about the impact of imperialism?

European nations improved transportation systems

Africans became less concerned with farming for themselves and concentrated more on cash crop production

Europeans built schools, brought religion

Europeans viewed African peoples as equals

27. Scramble for Africa: Imperialism in Africa "The period of imperialism has witnessed many wars... They have resulted in the taking of territory by force... The white rulers of the colonies live at the expense of the natives. Their chief work is to organize labor for their support. In the typical colony, the most fertile lands and the mineral resources are owned by white foreigners. These holdings are worked by natives under their direction. The foreigners take wealth out of the country. All the hard work is done by natives. (1902- JA Hobson) How did Imperialism impact African societies?

Foreigners helped by finding the valuable resources- minerals

Foreigners used the most fertile lands and took wealth out of African nations

Foreigners took citizens out of nations to work as slaves

Foreigners helped the continent by providing citizens with high paying jobs

28. What happened to Africa when industrialized nations found precious, or valuable resources and cheap labor forces on continent?

Exports increased by the African native tribal nations

Farming increased

Trade agreements were set up

Europe decided to colonize Africa

29. "The National Assembly, considering that it has been summoned to establish the constitution of the kingdom, to effect the regeneration of the public order, and to maintain the true principles of the monarchy, that nothing can prevent it from continuing the deliberations in whatever place it maybe forced to establish itself; and finally, that whatsoever its members assembled, there is the National Assembly." ..... (Tennis Court Oath- 1789) What is the job of the National Assembly, according to the Tennis Court Oath?

Address those who are in power

Write a new constitution

Overthrow the monarchy

Write new laws for the nation after the king leaves

30. During the Renaissance, artists and thinkers rediscovered classical knowledge and art. As part of that process some artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, began to challenge the explanations for the natural world offered by the Church. How did Renaissance art influence modern culture today?

Artists lost importance once they began to challenge social changes

Intellectuals began to explore scientific explanations for the world

Art became the only way through which to question society

Monarchs became the only people who could gain power and knowledge

31. "The exportation of laborers and capital from old to new countries... adds to the joint wealth of the old and the new country...There needs be no hesitation in affirming that Colonization, in present state of the world, is the best affair of business, in which the (wealth) of an old and wealthy country can engage." 1848 (Principles of Political Economy by John Stuart) According to the quote above, what does the author feel about colonization?

Colonization encouraged democracies to grow

Colonization benefited both the colonizer and the colonized

Colonization introduced disease to Europe that made sickness spread

Colonization expands the power of the Church

32. "The Spanish conducted slave-raiding expeditions along the East Coast before the Navaez and de Soto expeditions to Florida, a practice that had become widespread throughout the Spanish new world since the Columbian voyages. Queen Isabella forbade the practice, but the Spanish monarchs agreed in 1503 to what was later called the Encomienda System. Under this system, Spaniards would be granted an allotment of Indians who were to be protected and Christianized. In essence, the natives became forced laborers who worked the land, labored in mines, and constructed public buildings." Discovery of the Mississippi-Ferdinand De Soto-1541 How did the Spanish leaders in Latin America misuse the Encomienda system?

Missionaries attempted to build Christian institutions for the natives

Natives were forced to pay leaders gold for protection

Land was taken from the inhabitants and natives were enslaved

Natives were introduced to the practice of democracy

33. England lost some of its oldest colonies after the American Revolution. After this loss, British leaders were interested in expanding their empire. They looked to Asia, Africa, and towards the Pacific in order to expand colonies. England also increased its empire defeating Napoleonic France. How did England's desire to expand its empire affect the global economy?

England transformed the international arts by selling many plays and dramas about its dreams and hopes for the future

England achieved its global empire by becoming the leading exporter of finished goods worldwide

England exploited its own natural resources in order to win global competition for land on all continents

England colonized various territories and regions around the world

34. Study the quote from Gandhi. " There are two ways of countering injustice. One way is to smash the head of the man who perpetrated injustice and to get your own head smashed in the process. All strong people in the world adopt this course. Everywhere wars are fought and millions of people are killed. The consequence is not the progress of a nation but its decline... it brings disaster to both belligerents... Similarly, no State is possible without two entities, the rulers and the ruled. You are our sovereign, (MONARCH) our Government, only so long as we consider ourselves your subjects. When we are not subjects, you are not the sovereign either... Shower what sufferings you like upon us; we will calmly endure all and not hurt a hair of your body. We will gladly die and will not so much as touch you. But as long as there is yet life in these our bones, we will never comply with your arbitrary laws." (1916) What is the best reflection of Gandhi's views about how government should rule its people?

Violence is the best way for a government to rule its people

Fair laws bring the decline of nations and govt

Government should have arbitrary laws for people

Governments can bring the decline of their nations by enforcing rules with violence

35. "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."The preamble to the US Constitution set forth what central idea about government in the US?

The Constitution set up the idea of independence

The Constitution preamble was used by other key thinkers of the Renaissance

The Constitution gave all the power to the President

The Constitution set forth the functions and purpose of our US government

36. A common belief or theme of the Enlightenment thinkers would have been...

To inspire revolutions to break out all over the globe

To make life better for everyone in society, application of the reason and thought

Faith in traditional thoughts and religious beliefs

Belief in goodness of humans and how they live and work

37. What fundamental political idea is expressed in the Declaration of Independence?

A government that denies its people certain basic rights can be overthrown

Government should guarantee its citizens economic security

The national and state governments should share power

38. Use the following information in order to answer the question: Command Economy: the state (govt) owns collective farms and all types of industry Govt. officials make all of major economic decisions Market Economy: industry and farms are privately owned and operated. Producers and consumers make most of economic decisions. Traditional Economy: subsistence farming (agriculture) is practiced on small family farms. Economic decisions are based on customs and habit. What is the best conclusion that can be reached?

Global competition is important in all three economies

Central govt. is weak in command economies

Making a profit is very important in a traditional economy

Economic freedom is found within the market economy system

39. "Innovations are normally the creation of business people".- Joseph Schumpter (1911) Which economic theory would he likely have agreed with?

Socialism

Traditionalism

Capitalism

Communism

40. Match the following

John Locke

Hobbes

Voltaire

Montesquieu

Wollstonecraft

Rousseau

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