Hidden EP Quiz No.01

Daniel Hudson Burnham is considered the "Father of City Planning in America" because he prepared plans for the City of Manila and the City of Baguio from 1903 to 1911. He is known for his influential urban planning and architectural designs, with a focus on creating functional and beautiful cities. His work in Manila and Baguio showcases his expertise in designing cities that prioritize efficient transportation systems, public spaces, and overall city organization. His collaboration with Pierce Andersson during this period further highlights his dedication to creating well-planned and aesthetically pleasing urban environments.

Hippodamus of Miletus is acknowledged as the Father of Town Planning in Western Civilization because of his grid-iron design of ancient Greek settlements such as Priene, Piraeus, and Rhodes. This design involved laying out the city in a grid pattern with straight streets intersecting at right angles, creating a well-organized and easily navigable urban layout. This approach to city planning was innovative and influential, serving as a foundation for future urban development and shaping the way cities are designed and organized to this day.

The correct answer is 'agora'. The explanation is that the agora was the marketplace in ancient Greece where people gathered for trading, buying food, and engaging in various activities. It was not only a commercial center but also a place for political, social, and secular activities. The agora was located below the Acropolis in the heart of the city-state, making it a central hub for the community. The Parthenon, Gymnasium, Erechtheum, and Sumpoison were not specifically associated with being marketplaces in ancient Greece.

Frederic Law Olmstead Sr is recognized as the 'father of landscape architecture' and he also began the 'Parks and Conservation Movement' in the United States. His work advanced the idea that city parks and greenways can structure urban space, stimulate mixed uses, dampen class conflict, heighten family and religious values, and serve as aid to social reform. This suggests that Olmstead Sr played a significant role in shaping the concept of urban parks and their potential benefits for society.

Sustainability refers to the characteristic of a process or state that can be maintained at a certain level indefinitely. It specifically refers to the potential longevity of ecological systems to support humankind and other species. Sustainability involves the responsible use of resources and practices that minimize negative impacts on the environment, society, and economy. It promotes the idea of meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

The correct answer is "all of the choices" because in the November 2008 ruling of the Supreme Court, it was upheld that for an LGU to be elevated to citihood, it must meet all the statutory requirements stated. These requirements include having a contiguous territory of at least 100 km2 (except for island/group of islands), a minimum annual income of P100 million based on 1991 constant prices, and a population of at least 150,000. Therefore, all of these choices must be met for an LGU to be elevated to citihood.

Urbanization refers to the process of large numbers of people living together in important locations due to demographic factors. This process is always accompanied by economic agglomeration, spatial alteration, and socio-cultural change. Urbanization is often associated with the growth of cities and the development of urban areas. It involves the migration of people from rural areas to urban areas in search of better opportunities and a higher standard of living. This process leads to the concentration of population, infrastructure development, and changes in the social, economic, and cultural fabric of a society.

Sir Ebenezer Howard is the correct answer because he wrote the famous book "Garden Cities of Tomorrow" in 1902. This book was influential in promoting the concept of garden cities, which aimed to combine the best features of both urban and rural areas. The mention of his diagrams of three magnets is likely a reference to his idea of creating a balanced and harmonious city that would attract people from overcrowded urban areas to live in healthier and more spacious environments.

The most recent re-definition of 'urban' by NSCB (2003) includes criteria such as population size, number of establishments, and proximity to facilities. It does not mention anything about the type of economic activities, specifically fishery output and shellcraft activities, determining whether a barangay is considered urban or not. Therefore, the statement that if a barangay has more fishery output and shellcraft activities compared to farms, then it is considered urban is not included in the re-definition of 'urban' by NSCB (2003).

The correct answer is Environmental Planning. This is because Presidential Decree 1308 Sec. 2a defines it as referring to 'all activities concerned with the management and development of land, as well as the preservation, conservation and management of the human environment'. Environmental planning involves creating and implementing plans and policies to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources, protect the environment, and promote the well-being of communities.

The correct answer is "Ciudad Lineal" because it directly translates to "Linear City" which aligns with Don Arturo Soria y Mata's concept of an elongated urban form running from Cadiz, Spain up to St. Petersburg, Russia. This term accurately describes his suggestion of basing the city layout on the logic of utility connections.

The term "algorithmic" refers to a process that follows a specific set of rules or steps to reach a desired outcome. In the context of professional planning, this would mean that the planning process is rigid and lacks flexibility. However, in a professional planning process, it is important to be proactive, problem-solving, futuristic, and people-driven in order to effectively address challenges and achieve goals. Therefore, "algorithmic" does not align with the key features of a professional planning process.

A city is defined as a significantly-large urban area that has a charter or legal proclamation. This means that a city is officially recognized and established by a governing body through a formal document or proclamation. This distinguishes a city from other urban areas that may not have this official recognition. The presence of a charter or legal proclamation signifies the legal status and governance of the city. The other options listed, such as a cluster of skyscrapers, a rectilinear street design, or a seaport or airport, while common characteristics of many cities, are not essential criteria for defining a city.

Frank Lloyd Wright proposed the concept of Broadacre City as an alternative to the congestion in large cities. In this concept, each American family would be given at least one acre of federal land in a self-contained agro-industrial settlement. Broadacre City aimed to decentralize urban areas and create a more spacious and sustainable living environment. This concept emphasized the importance of individual land ownership and self-sufficiency, with a mix of residential, agricultural, and industrial areas.

The Garden City Movement in the United Kingdom directly addressed large-scale problems caused by the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution brought about rapid urbanization and industrialization, leading to overcrowded and polluted cities, poor living conditions, and social inequality. The Garden City Movement aimed to create planned communities with green spaces, affordable housing, and a balanced mix of residential, commercial, and industrial areas. This movement was a response to the negative effects of the Industrial Revolution and sought to improve the quality of life for urban residents.

The correct answer is City Beautiful Movement. This movement, which took place in the 1890s, emphasized the design of settlements based on principles such as grandeur, exuberance, monumentality, drama and tension, cohesiveness, and symmetry. It aimed to create aesthetically pleasing cities by incorporating elements of beauty and harmony in urban planning. Examples of cities that were influenced by this movement include Washington DC, Paris, Chicago, and San Francisco.

Urban sprawl refers to the expansion of human populations into low-density, car-dependent communities away from central urban areas. This process, known as suburbanization, leads to the development of monofunctional communities. Urban sprawl has social and environmental consequences, such as increased traffic congestion, loss of green spaces, and higher infrastructure costs.

The explicit goals of urban planning, as stated by Dr. Francis Stuart Chapin Jr in the first comprehensive textbook on urban planning, include health & safety, convenience & amenity, and efficiency & economy. However, tolerance & plurality is not mentioned as one of the explicit goals of urban planning.

Daniel H. Burnham is the correct answer because the quote is attributed to him. The quote emphasizes the importance of making ambitious plans and setting high goals, suggesting that small plans lack impact and may not be achieved. Burnham was an American architect and urban planner known for his influential work in city planning, including the development of the famous Chicago Plan of 1909. His quote reflects his belief in the power of grand visions and the importance of striving for greatness in one's plans and actions.

Norbert Weiner's 'Cybernetics' contributed to the Systems Theory of planning by emphasizing that planning should be cyclical, iterative, and self-correcting. This means that the planning process should involve continuous feedback loops, allowing for adjustments and improvements based on the outcomes and feedback received. It highlights the importance of learning from past experiences and making necessary changes to achieve better results. This approach recognizes that planning is not a linear process but rather a dynamic and ongoing one that requires constant evaluation and adaptation.

The given correct answer is carrying capacity. Carrying capacity refers to the maximum population size that can be sustained in a specific habitat without causing permanent damage to the habitat's productivity. It is related to Thomas Malthus' concept of 'k' as the population size constrained by limited resources. This principle recognizes the importance of maintaining a balance between population size and available resources to avoid negative impacts on the environment.

This quote is attributed to Winston Churchill. It suggests that the design and structure of our buildings have a significant impact on our lives and behavior. It implies that our physical environment influences our actions and shapes our experiences.

The goal of slowing down rural-to-urban movement by means of migration control and population management is not stated as one of the goals of urban development policy in the Philippines. The other goals mentioned include achieving a more balanced urban-rural interdependence, optimally utilizing land and resources for housing and urban development, and undertaking a comprehensive and continuing program of urban development to provide affordable housing and services.

The Romans under the dictatorial Emperors are considered the earliest regional planners in history because they prioritized planning their cities and settlements with considerations for transport networks, civil works, utilities, and military defense. This indicates that they had a comprehensive approach to urban planning, taking into account various aspects necessary for the functioning and development of their regions. Their focus on these elements suggests a level of sophistication and foresight in their planning practices, making them stand out as early regional planners.

The concept described in the question aligns with the Tragedy of the Commons. This theory, proposed by Dr Garrett Hardin, states that in a situation where there are no defined property rights or regulations, individuals have unlimited access to natural resources and can exploit them for their own benefit. However, without any incentive to conserve or manage the resources, they are likely to be overused and depleted. This leads to a "tragedy" where the common resource is ultimately destroyed or degraded due to individual self-interest.

John Ratcliffe is the correct answer because he is associated with the quote about urban planning. The quote emphasizes the importance of urban planning in ensuring that the right place is provided at the right site and time for the right people.

The given answer states that an urban area does not export substantial quantities of processed products. The other characteristics mentioned, such as core district's density, overall density, and street pattern, are all mentioned as defining characteristics of an urban area. However, the export of processed products is not mentioned as a characteristic. Therefore, the correct answer is that an urban area does not export substantial quantities of processed products.

According to RA7160 Sec 452, a minimum population requirement of at least 200,000 is needed to approve a Highly Urbanized City.

In the given options, the one that best describes the contrast between a pre-industrial society and an industrial society is that the industrial society aims for mass production through mechanization and automation. This is because in a pre-industrial society, the main focus is on agriculture and self-sufficiency, whereas in an industrial society, there is a shift towards using machines and automation to increase production on a large scale. This change allows for the mass production of goods and a shift away from the reliance on manual labor.

The central pull factor or main attraction of Third World cities to rural migrants, even when these cities are unprepared to accept migration, is the substantial wage differentials between urban labor and rural labor for the same level of skill, task, or occupation. This means that migrants are drawn to cities because they can earn higher wages compared to what they would earn in rural areas. This economic incentive outweighs other factors such as the "bright lights effect" or lure of city life, possible benefits from proximity to power and prestige, and the contrast between abundance in cities and scarcity in the countryside due to insurgency wars.

The correct answer, "Cars should be stored in homes," addresses the issue of traffic congestion caused by roadside parking. By suggesting that cars should be stored in homes, Clarence Stein's principle aims to reduce the number of cars parked on the roadside, which can contribute to traffic congestion. This principle emphasizes the need for individuals to have designated parking spaces within their homes, rather than relying on parking on the streets. By doing so, it helps to alleviate traffic congestion and promotes a more efficient use of space.

Sherry Arnstein is the correct answer because she is a member of the advocacy/activist/equity school of planning and wrote the classic "Eight policies, Rungs in the Ladder Citizen Participation." This article describes the different levels of people's involvement in policies, plans, and programs. Ralph Nader, Susan S. Fainstein, and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. are not directly associated with this specific work or school of planning.

Le Corbusier's "Radiant City" design aimed to increase city density by building high on a small part of land. This can be inferred from the description of the design, which includes "uniform 60-storey tower-blocks" and the mention of a "huge park." The use of high-rise structures allows for more people to be accommodated in a smaller area, thus increasing the density of the city.

Inter-generational equity is the basic principle of sustainable development that refers to the responsibility and accountability towards future populations. It means that the current generation should use resources and make decisions in a way that does not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This principle emphasizes the importance of considering the long-term implications of present actions and ensuring that resources are managed in a sustainable manner for the benefit of future generations.

In the "Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats" tool, the elements, aspects, or characteristics that need to be reinforced are enumerated under the 'S' quadrant. This quadrant focuses on identifying and leveraging the internal strengths of an organization. By reinforcing these strengths, the organization can gain a competitive advantage and improve its overall performance.

The significant accomplishment of the "Advocacy Planning" movement, as fathered by Paul Davidoff, was moving social planning from 'backroom negotiations' into the open public forum. This means that instead of decisions being made behind closed doors by a select few, they were now being discussed and decided upon in a more transparent and inclusive manner, involving input from the public. This shift allowed for greater accountability, participation, and representation in the planning process.

The major contribution of classical Greek civilization to town planning was the delineation between religious space and secular civic space as separate but complementary spheres in society. This means that the Greeks recognized the importance of both religious and civic activities, but they kept them separate to maintain order and balance in their communities. This allowed for the development of distinct spaces for religious worship and secular activities, such as marketplaces and government buildings. This approach to town planning helped to create a sense of harmony and organization in Greek cities.

The correct answer is "Linear Industrial City" because Tony Garnier's concept was based on the idea of a city with linear development, where different industrial zones were connected by a central axis. This concept emphasized the integration of industrial and residential areas, with a focus on efficient transportation and functional design. The term "Industrial" in the answer refers to the presence of factories and trade schools in the city, as mentioned in the passage.

The correct answer is Systems Theory of Planning. Systems Theory of Planning emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependence of various components in a planning process. It views planning as a dynamic system where inputs, throughputs, outputs, and feedback are crucial elements. Inputs refer to the resources and information that are used in the planning process, throughputs are the activities and processes that transform inputs into outputs, outputs are the results or outcomes of the planning process, and feedback is the information that is used to evaluate and improve the planning process. This approach recognizes the complexity and complexity of planning and the need for a holistic and integrated perspective.

The principle of engaging stakeholders to pull together behind a single gameplan for execution rallies the organization and unifies its members around a common purpose. By involving stakeholders and getting them on board with the organization's goals and strategies, everyone is aligned and working towards the same objectives. This helps to create a sense of unity, collaboration, and shared purpose within the organization, ultimately driving its success.

The popularity of the automobile as a means of transportation is the main reason for suburban sprawl after World War II. The widespread use of cars allowed people to live further away from cities and commute to work, leading to the development of suburbs. As more and more people owned cars, the demand for housing in suburban areas increased, resulting in scattered and uncontrolled development. This trend was further fueled by the convenience and freedom that cars provided for travel and commuting purposes.

The Garden City Movement influenced the British policy of "urban containment" by implementing several features. These include the establishment of greenbelts, green girdles, and clear edges for all cities to preserve open space and farmland. Additionally, mass transit was introduced to connect the "mother city" with the "garden cities." However, the movement did not advocate for a homestead of about one acre per family.

Clarence Perry is the correct answer because he proposed the concept of the "neighborhood unit" in 1929. This concept involved creating self-contained suburban areas with major streets as boundaries, shops at intersections, and a school in the middle. The size of the neighborhood unit would be determined by the catchment area of the school, with a radius of a quarter-mile or 402 meters. This idea incorporated principles from the Garden City movement and aimed to achieve some form of social engineering.

In an industrial society, there is a greater division of labor, which means that different individuals have specialized roles and tasks. This leads to a more heterogeneous population and a wider range of classes of workers. In primitive subsistence societies, people tend to have similar roles and tasks, resulting in less heterogeneity. Pre-industrial societies also have limited specialization and a smaller range of classes. Post-industrial societies, on the other hand, have a shift towards service-based industries and knowledge-based work, which can also lead to a more diverse population and classes of workers.

Rational-Comprehensive Planning is the correct answer because it aligns with the description provided in the question. The question states that this type of planning assumes that professional planners have the intelligence, noble intentions, and expertise to synthesize extensive data, analyze a relatively predictable world, and make decisions in the broader public interest. This aligns with the rational-comprehensive planning approach, which emphasizes a systematic and comprehensive analysis of all available information to make informed decisions.

In the Systems Theory of Planning by George Chadwick and Alan Wilson, the stage where policy-makers or decision-makers make a firm resolve to pursue a specific course of action is called System Synthesis. This stage involves integrating all the information gathered during system description, modeling, and projection to develop a comprehensive plan of action. It is at this stage that policy-makers commit to a specific course of action and determine the strategies and resources needed to implement it.

The US Supreme Court's decision in 1926 to uphold the power of an LGU (local government unit) to regulate land use through ordinance in the landmark case of "Village of Euclid vs. Ambler Realty Company" is considered a watershed moment for the City Functional Movement. This movement emphasized the rational and efficient organization of cities, with a focus on zoning and land use regulations to promote functionality and order. The Supreme Court's decision validated the authority of local governments to implement such regulations, paving the way for the widespread adoption of zoning ordinances and the growth of the City Functional Movement.

The given question asks us to identify the planning approach that is closest to the concept of 'allocative' or 'regulatory' or 'policy planning' as described by Herbert Gans and T J Kent. The concept of 'allocative' or 'regulatory' or 'policy planning' involves solving chronic problems of society by efficiently allocating resources and enacting laws, rules, and standards. The planning approach that aligns most closely with this concept is rational-comprehensive planning, which focuses on making decisions based on a systematic analysis of all available information and considering all possible alternatives.

The 'facilitation' role in the ladder of citizen participation refers to the planner's role in enabling and empowering citizens to actively participate in decision-making processes. This involves creating partnerships with citizens, delegating power to them, and allowing them to have control over the outcomes. In contrast, 'advice,' 'direction,' and 'manipulation' imply a more authoritative approach where the planner provides guidance or influences the decision-making process. Therefore, the steps that would require the planner to perform a 'facilitation' role rather than 'advice,' 'direction,' or 'manipulation' are partnership, delegated power, and citizen control.

Frank Lloyd Wright's 'Broadacre City' (1932) aimed to provide each person, regardless of age, with one acre of federal land. It also proposed having a food garden or small farm right next to the house, allowing for self-sufficiency. The plan included the setup of twelve 15-storey buildings for manufacturing and commerce, ensuring that work was within walking distance from home. Additionally, it proposed the interconnection of cities through a railroad and freeway. However, the plan did not prioritize densification to preserve open space, making it the incorrect feature.