.
Reduced network downtime
Faster time to resolution of problems
Simplified troubleshooting processes
Predictable lead times for change requests
Maintenance windows during regular business hours
Native VLAN
Management VLAN
Default VLAN
RSPAN VLAN
Black hole VLAN
Private VLAN
The user successfully gained access to the router EXEC shell.
The user attempts to gain access to a local security server were unsuccessful.
The user credentials were rejected by the default authentication method.
The user access to the services was stopped because of the improper protocol that was used for the session.
High CPU usage on the router
Insufficient RAM in the router
Incorrect or outdated version of the Cisco IOS
Unrecognized Layer 2 encapsulation formats on the network
Any traffic that is going through a GRE tunnel
Any traffic that is explicitly blocked by an ACL
Any traffic that is destined for any of the switch IP addresses
Any traffic that is assigned to a particular VLAN that is not allowed on a trunk
Any traffic that is coming to an inbound port that is in the spanning-tree blocking state
Any multicast and broadcast traffic that is coming from the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) or routing protocols
Change the seed metric of the routes being redistributed.
Filter the routes being redistributed between the protocols.
Redistribute all subnets in both EIGRP and OSPF domains.
Configure an additional router to be a secondary point of route redistribution.
Minimum delay
Cumulative cost
Hop count
Variance
Metric weights
Port Fa0/20 will be shut down.
Port Fa0/20 will become a root port.
Port Fa0/20 will start forwarding traffic immediately.
Port Fa0/20 will transition from blocking to forwarding state after the spanning tree convergence.
Network maintenance typically excludes consideration of network changes.
Proper network maintenance will eliminate network downtime.
Maintaining network documentation is an important element of network maintenance.
The amount of resources expended on network maintenance is consistent across all companies.
R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.7.1
R1(config)# ip route 172.16.6.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.7.10
R2(config)# ip route 172.16.6.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.7.9
R2(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.7.9
R3(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.7.9
R3(config)# ip route 172.16.6.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.7.10
Gathering information
Testing the hypothesis
Documenting the changes
Eliminating possible causes
Issue the show mac address-table address 0011.9254.e2a0 command on various switches and follow the path to the host.
Issue the show vlan command on various switches and follow the path to the host.
Issue the traceroute 0011.9254.e2a0 command and follow the path to the host.
Issue the traceroute 10.10.10.251 command and follow the path to the host.
BGP updates
Route redistribution information
BGP related events
Phases of BGP peering relationships
Internal metrics of IBGP routes
The TACACS+ server is not operational.
The TACACS+ server IP address has been incorrectly configured on the router.
The TACACS+ server key of the router does not match that of the TACACS+ server.
The username and password that were supplied by the user were rejected by the TACACS+ server.
The DHCP server sends a DHCPOFFER message with the full set of configuration parameters to the client.
The DHCP client sends out a DHCPDISCOVER broadcast message to find its local DHCP server.
The DHCP server sends a DHCPACK message with the full set of configuration parameters to the client.
The DHCP client sends out a DHCPREQUEST broadcast message to the DHCP server to accept the offered parameters.
Provide an effective method of maintaining network documentation
Ensure that all individuals carry out similar tasks in a consistent manner
Document the solution to specific problems eliminating the requirement for troubleshooting
Allow each technician to select the best troubleshooting process to use for a particular problem
Ensure that the problem is located and corrected regardless of the knowledge level of the technician
Client
Server
Transparent
Client or server
Client or transparent
Transparent or server
A routing error
An access list error
Duplicate MAC addresses
VLAN trunk misconfiguration
A Spanning Tree Protocol related issue
Community
Edge
Isolated
Point-to-point
Promiscuous
Protected
All NetFlow packets sent from R1 to the traffic collector will be sourced from IP address 1.1.1.1.
Interfaces Fa0/0 and Fa0/1 must also be included as flow-export source interfaces.
NetFlow version 5 should be configured if the infrastructure includes non-Cisco devices.
NetFlow will track all ingress traffic for interfaces Fa0/0 and Fa0/1.
NetFlow will forward the traffic statistics and packet payload content of interfaces Fa0/0 and Fa0/1 to IP address 10.10.10.1.
The UDP value 9996 is optional because it is the default NetFlow destination port number.
The NAT pool is exhausted.
The static translation prevents any new dynamic translations.
The ACL is using a wrong pool reference.
The R2 LAN is not configured as an inside interface.
Interface FastEthernet 0/0 on router R1 requires the vrrp 1 ip 10.1.1.254 command to be issued.
Interface FastEthernet 0/0 on router R1 requires the vrrp 1 preempt command to be issued.
Interface FastEthernet 0/0 on router R1 requires the vrrp 1 priority 100 command to be issued.
Router R1 is configured to use text authentication, while R2 is configured to use MD5 authentication.
Router R1 should be configured to use text authentication.
The EIGRP neighbor has not sent any hello packets in the last 14 seconds.
The EIGRP neighbor is redistributing routes from OSPF with invalid seed metrics.
The EIGRP neighbor is offline and unreachable.
The Q Cnt field should be at zero.
The Seq Num field should be much higher.
The values of the SRTT and RTO fields should be much lower.
DHCP DISCOVER
DHCP OFFER
DHCP REQUEST
DHCP ACK
DHCP NAK
DHCP INFORM
RTB did not see its router ID in the hello packet that was received from RTA.
RTB did not receive a hello packet from RTA.
RTB is able to exchange routing updates with RTA.
RTB has established an adjacency with RTA.
Map the DLCI to the link local address of R2.
Change the OSPF neighbor to point to the global unicast address of R2.
Change the IPv6 address on Serial 0/0/0 to be in the same segment as the Serial 0/0/0 interface of R2.
Remove the broadcast keyword from the frame-relay map statement.
A static route should be added to R3 to point to the 192.168.1.0/24 network.
A static route should be added to R1 to point to the 192.168.1.0/24 network.
The tunnel source for Tunnel0 on R3 should be the IP address of Serial0/0/1 on R1.
The tunnel source for Tunnel0 on R1 should be the IP address of Loopback0 on R3.
The tunnel destination for Tunnel0 on R1 should be the IP address of Serial0/0/1 on R3.
The tunnel destination for Tunnel0 on R3 should be the IP address of Loopback0 on R1.
The STP reaches its maximum diameter.
Ports that should be blocked start forwarding.
The TTL field in the Ethernet frames decrements to 0 on all frames.
Frames with matching entries in the MAC address table are not forwarded.
QoS is not supported in Lightweight mode.
The trunk between R1 and SW1 does not support QoS.
SW1 is resetting the DSCP values supplied by the Lightweight AP.
The Wireless LAN Controller has not been configured to support voice traffic.
QoS has not been enabled between the Lightweight AP and the Wireless LAN Controller.
FTP
HTTPS
SCP
TFTP
The phone will experience intermittent connectivity.
The phone will be placed into the default VLAN.
The phone will not be able to discover auxiliary VLAN information, QoS settings, or automatically negotiate power settings.
The phone will be able to make calls but will not be able to receive calls.
The interfaces have different network types.
Hello packets are not sent from either neighbor.
One of the routers is redistributing the OSPF routes into EIGRP.
Slow network connections cause OSPF advertisements to time out.
The network command has put the connected interfaces into the same OSPF area.
The branch site has been configured for the Spanning Tree Protocol, but the main site has not.
The main site has been configured to bundle links into an EtherChannel and the branch site has not.
The branch site is running a newer, incompatible version of the Spanning Tree Protocol.
The main site has inconsistencies in the physical ports that are members of the channel.
Packets were not translated for the return path from source 192.168.1.95.
Packets that are destined for 172.31.2.132 from source 192.168.1.95 are translated into 172.31.233.209.
Entries that are indicated with NAT* have been translated via the fast path.
The IP address 172.31.233.209 is the configured IP address on the remote PC.
Entries with NAT* have the ToS value 5.
0
1
2
4
Platform development
Xmit-Err
Rcv-Err
FCS-Err
Giants
The web server is denying the client request.
There is no logical path from the client to the web server location.
A Java applet reset option is configured on the zone-based policy firewall.
The zone-based policy firewall has been configured to block all HTTP traffic to the server location.
The classic IOS firewall has not been properly configured to allow HTTP traffic in response to an internal request.
The IP phone sends DHCP broadcasts.
The IP phone initializes the IP stack.
The IP phone uses CDP to learn the voice VLAN.
The IP phone requests a configuration file from a TFTP server.
Passwords will not be encrypted.
Executive passwords can be retrieved and viewed in the running configuration.
Executive passwords can be changed in ROMMON mode.
The original configuration and passwords cannot be retrieved.
All passwords are encrypted to level 7.
Spanning tree
Private VLAN
Intrusion prevention
VLAN access control lists
Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding
AF11
AF31
CS1
EF
Show vlan
Show interfaces trunk
Show vlan interface
Show mac address-table
Router R1 requires the standby 1 ip 10.1.1.254 command to be issued on interface FastEthernet 0/0.
Router R2 requires the standby 1 ip 10.1.1.254 command to be issued on interface FastEthernet 0/0.
Router R1 is configured to support MD5 authentication while router R2 is configured to support text authentication.
Router R1 is configured to support text authentication while router R2 is configured to support MD5 authentication.
Routers R1 and R2 have different MD5 authentication strings configured.
Routers R1 and R2 have different text authentication strings configured.
Suboptimal routing
Routing loops
Lost seed metrics
Route filtering
Lost external routes
The Configuration Rollback feature was preconfigured on router R1 via the archive command.
The configuration was copied using a method that is less secure than HTTPS.
The ip ftp username and ip ftp password commands were issued on router R1.
The login credentials were sent to the FTP server in an encrypted format.
The R1-test.cfg configuration was successfully copied from the FTP server to the running configuration file of router R1.
The R1-test.cfg configuration was successfully copied from the FTP server to the startup configuration file of router R1.
Remove the ACL because it is blocking connections.
Change the FastEthernet 0/1 interface to an inside NAT interface.
Disable CEF because it is sending packets to the CPU for processing.
Disable static NAT because it is interfering with the dynamic translations.
Increase the size of the NAT pool to provide more IP addresses for translation.
The enable password must be encrypted.
The commands listed under the VTY line should be listed under the Console line.
The transport input telnet command should be changed to transport input ssh.
The transport input telnet command should be changed to transport input none.
Verify that CEF is running on the router.
Verify the Layer 3 to Layer 2 mappings.
Verify end-to-end connectivity via the use of the ping command.
Verify that the information in the CEF FIB is correct.
Verify that the interface is active and participating in the routing process.
1
2
3
4
Change the address assigned to the default router and dns server.
Decrease the DHCP lease time to make more addresses available at one time.
Change the netmask to 255.0.0.0 to agree with the class A network that is used in the DHCP pool.
Use the ip dhcp excluded-address command to exclude any statically assigned addresses from the DHCP pool.
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