H's TOEFL Ibt Reading Test (Official)
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According to paragraph 1, the theory that people first migrated to the Americas by way of an ice-free corridor was seriously called into question by
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Paleoecologist Glen MacDonald's argument that the original migration occurred much later than had previously been believed
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The demonstration that certain previously accepted radiocarbon dates were incorrect
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Evidence that the continental ice began its final retreat much later than had previously been believed
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Research showing that the ice-free corridor was not as long lasting as had been widely assumed
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Hello! I'm H. Welcome to H's TOEFL iBT READING TEST. Let's have a look at what I have designed for you:
In this section of the test, you will read THREE different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. Give yourself 20 minutes to complete each practice set.
Hope you have a great experience with this mock test, and good See moreluck! From H.
Quiz Preview
- 2.
The word "persuasively" in the passage is closest in meaning to
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Aggressively
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Inflexibly
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Convincingly
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Carefully
Correct Answer
A. ConvincinglyExplanation
The word "persuasively" in the passage indicates that the author is able to present their arguments or ideas in a compelling and convincing manner. This means that the author is able to influence or sway the reader's opinion effectively. Therefore, the word "convincingly" is the closest in meaning to "persuasively".Rate this question:
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- 3.
Paragraph 2 begins by presenting a theory and then goes on to
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Discuss why the theory was rapidly accepted but then rejected
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Present the evidence on which the theory was based
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Cite evidence that now shows that the theory is incorrect
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Explain why the theory was not initially considered plausible
Correct Answer
A. Explain why the theory was not initially considered plausibleExplanation
The correct answer is "explain why the theory was not initially considered plausible". This is because the paragraph is discussing the reasons why the theory was quickly accepted and then rejected, but it does not mention anything about the theory not being initially considered plausible.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The phrase "prior to" is closest in meaning to
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Before
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Immediately after
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During
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In spite of
Correct Answer
A. BeforeExplanation
The phrase "prior to" is closest in meaning to "before." It indicates that something happened or should happen before a specific event or time. It implies a temporal sequence where the mentioned event or time comes after the mentioned action or period.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in passage 3? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
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Because this region has been settled the longest, it also displays the greatest diversity in Native American languages.
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Fladmark's hypothesis states that the west coast of the Americas has been settled longer than any other region.
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The fact that the greatest diversity of Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americas lends strength to Fladmark's hypothesis.
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According to Fladmark, Mauve American languages have survived the longest along the west coast of the Americas.
Correct Answer
A. The fact that the greatest diversity of Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americas lends strength to Fladmark's hypothesis.Explanation
The sentence states that the region with the longest settlement also has the greatest diversity in Native American languages. The correct answer reflects this by stating that the fact that the greatest diversity of Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americas supports Fladmark's hypothesis. The other options either change the meaning or leave out essential information.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The author's purpose in paragraph 4 is to
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Indicate that a number of recent geologic studies seem to provide support for the coastal hypothesis
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Indicate that coastal and inland migrations may have happened simultaneously
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Explain why humans may have reached America's northwest coast before animals and plants did
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Show that the coastal hypothesis may explain how people first reached Alaska but it cannot explain how people reached areas like modern British Columbia and Washington State
Correct Answer
A. Indicate that a number of recent geologic studies seem to provide support for the coastal hypothesisExplanation
The author's purpose in paragraph 4 is to indicate that a number of recent geologic studies seem to provide support for the coastal hypothesis. The paragraph discusses how these studies have found evidence of early human settlement along the coast of Alaska, suggesting that humans may have migrated to America through a coastal route. This supports the idea that the coastal hypothesis, which suggests that early humans arrived in America by following the coastline, is supported by scientific evidence. The paragraph does not discuss simultaneous migrations or the timing of human arrival compared to animals and plants, so those options can be ruled out. Additionally, the paragraph does not mention specific regions like British Columbia and Washington State, so that option can also be ruled out.Rate this question:
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- 7.
According to paragraph 5, the discovery of the remains of large land animals supports the coastal hypothesis by providing evidence that
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Humans were changing their hunting techniques to adapt to coastal rather than inland environments
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Animals had migrated from the inland to the coasts, an indication that a midcontinental ice-free corridor was actually implausible
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Humans probably would have been able to find enough resources along the coastal corridor
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The continental shelf was still exposed by lower sea levels during the period when the southward migration of people began
Correct Answer
A. Humans probably would have been able to find enough resources along the coastal corridorExplanation
The discovery of the remains of large land animals supports the coastal hypothesis by providing evidence that humans probably would have been able to find enough resources along the coastal corridor. This suggests that the coastal areas were rich in resources, making it a viable option for humans to adapt their hunting techniques and survive in these environments.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The word "inhospitable" in the passage is closest in meaning to
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Not familiar
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Not suitable
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Not dangerous
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Not reachable
Correct Answer
A. Not suitableExplanation
The word "inhospitable" in the passage refers to a situation or environment that is not suitable or welcoming. It implies that the place or conditions are not conducive to being hospitable or accommodating. Therefore, the closest meaning to "inhospitable" is "not suitable."Rate this question:
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- 9.
According to paragraph 5, the most recent geologic research provides support for a first colonization of America dating as far back as
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6,000 years ago
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14,000 years ago
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12,500 years ago
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10,000 years ago
Correct Answer
A. 14,000 years agoExplanation
According to paragraph 5, the most recent geologic research supports the idea that the first colonization of America occurred 14,000 years ago.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The word "impetus" in the passage is closest in meaning to
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Chance
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Protection
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Possibility
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Incentive
Correct Answer
A. IncentiveExplanation
The word "impetus" refers to a driving force or motivation that encourages someone to take action. Similarly, an "incentive" is something that motivates or encourages someone to do something. Therefore, "incentive" is the closest in meaning to "impetus" in the passage.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The word "justified" in the passage is closest in meaning to
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Supported
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Shaped
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Stimulated
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Suggested
Correct Answer
A. SupportedExplanation
In the passage, the word "justified" indicates that something is being backed up or supported. It implies that there is evidence or reasoning provided to prove or validate a certain belief or action. Therefore, "supported" is the closest meaning to the word "justified" in the passage.Rate this question:
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- 12.
According to paragraph 1, it was believed that reflection could help teachers
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Understand intellectual principles of teaching
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Strengthen their intellectual connection to their work
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Use scientific fact to improve discipline and teaching
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Adopt a more disciplined approach to teaching
Correct Answer
A. Strengthen their intellectual connection to their workExplanation
The correct answer is "strengthen their intellectual connection to their work." This is supported by the statement in paragraph 1 that reflection can help teachers "deepen their understanding of the intellectual principles of teaching and strengthen their intellectual connection to their work." This suggests that reflection can enhance the teachers' connection to their profession and their engagement with the intellectual aspects of teaching.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The word "flourish" in the passage is closest in meaning to
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Continue
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Occur
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Succeed
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Apply
Correct Answer
A. SucceedExplanation
In the passage, the word "flourish" is used to describe a positive outcome or progress. This suggests that the word is closest in meaning to "succeed," as it implies a favorable or thriving situation.Rate this question:
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- 14.
All of the following are mentioned about the experimental strategy described in paragraph 2 EXCEPT:
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It was designed so that teachers would eventually reflect without help from others.
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It was used by a group of teachers over a period of years.
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It involved having teachers take part in discussions of classroom events.
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It involved having teachers record in writing their reflections about teaching.
Correct Answer
A. It involved having teachers record in writing their reflections about teaching.Explanation
The given correct answer is that the experimental strategy did not involve having teachers record in writing their reflections about teaching. The other options in the question all mention aspects of the experimental strategy, such as it being used by a group of teachers over a period of years, involving teachers taking part in discussions of classroom events, and being designed for teachers to eventually reflect without help from others. However, there is no mention of teachers recording their reflections in writing in the paragraph.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The word "objective" in the passage is closest in meaning to
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Unbiased
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Positive
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Systematic
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Thorough
Correct Answer
A. UnbiasedExplanation
The word "objective" means not influenced by personal feelings or opinions, and is synonymous with "unbiased." In the passage, it suggests that the information presented is based on facts and not subjective judgments or preferences. Therefore, "unbiased" is the closest in meaning to "objective" in this context.Rate this question:
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- 16.
According to paragraph 3, what did the teachers working with Wildman and Niles often fall to do when they attempted to practice reflection?
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Correctly calculate the amount of time needed for reflection
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Provide sufficiently detailed descriptions of the methods they used to help them reflect
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Examine thoughtfully the possible causes of events in their classrooms
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Establish realistic goals for themselves in practicing reflection
Correct Answer
A. Examine thoughtfully the possible causes of events in their classroomsExplanation
The teachers working with Wildman and Niles often failed to examine thoughtfully the possible causes of events in their classrooms when they attempted to practice reflection.Rate this question:
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- 17.
How is paragraph 4 related to other aspects of the discussion of reflection in the passage?
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It describes and comments on steps taken to overcome problems identified earlier in the passage.
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It challenges the earlier claim that teachers rarely have the time to think about their own or others' teaching.
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It identifies advantages gained by teachers who followed the training program described earlier in the passage.
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It explains the process used to define the principles discussed later in the passage.
Correct Answer
A. It describes and comments on steps taken to overcome problems identified earlier in the passage.Explanation
The correct answer is "It describes and comments on steps taken to overcome problems identified earlier in the passage." This means that paragraph 4 discusses the actions taken to address the issues mentioned earlier in the passage. It provides a solution or strategy to overcome the problems related to reflection.Rate this question:
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- 18.
It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that the teachers working with Wildman and Niles held which of the following beliefs concerning reflection?
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Reflection is such a good idea that it is likely to gain the support of others.
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Administrators tend to be stronger supporters of reflection than teachers are.
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Teachers will become more comfortable with the process of reflection if they receive help from administrators.
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Teachers can afford to engage in reflection only after other needs have been met.
Correct Answer
A. Teachers can afford to engage in reflection only after other needs have been met.Explanation
The correct answer suggests that the teachers believed that they can only engage in reflection once their other needs have been fulfilled. This implies that they prioritize meeting their basic needs before engaging in reflective practices.Rate this question:
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- 19.
According to paragraph 6, teachers may be discouraged from reflecting because
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It is not generally supported by teacher educators
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The benefits of reflection may not be apparent immediately
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It is impossible to teach and reflect on one's teaching at the same time
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They have often failed in their attempts to become reflective practitioners
Correct Answer
A. The benefits of reflection may not be apparent immediatelyExplanation
Teachers may be discouraged from reflecting because the benefits of reflection may not be apparent immediately. This means that teachers may not see immediate results or improvements from reflecting on their teaching practices, which can discourage them from continuing the practice. It suggests that some teachers may prefer to focus on other aspects of their job that they believe will have more immediate impact, rather than investing time and effort in reflection.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
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The practice of being reflective is no longer simply a habit among teachers but something that is externally motivated.
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Most teachers need to explore ways to form the habit of reflection even when no external motivation exists.
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Many aspects of the motivation to reflect have not been studied, including the comparative benefits of externally motivated and habitual reflection among teachers.
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There has not been enough exploration of why teachers practice reflection as a habit with or without external motivation.
Correct Answer
A. Many aspects of the motivation to reflect have not been studied, including the comparative benefits of externally motivated and habitual reflection among teachers. -
- 21.
The phrase "at random" in the passage is closest in meaning to
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Finally
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Over a long period of time
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Successfully
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Without a definite pattern
Correct Answer
A. Without a definite patternExplanation
The phrase "at random" in the passage refers to something that is done without a definite pattern. It implies that the action or event is unpredictable and lacks a specific order or sequence.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
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Some of the earliest important examples of symbiosis—the close cooperation of two or more living things—occur in island communities.
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Symbiosis—the close cooperation of pairs or small groups of living organisms—is especially important in these island environments.
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The first organisms on these islands worked together closely in a relationship known as symbiosis, which is particularly important on islands.
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It is significant to note that organisms in the beginning stages of the development of island life cannot survive without close cooperation.
Correct Answer
A. The first organisms on these islands worked together closely in a relationship known as symbiosis, which is particularly important on islands.Explanation
The sentence states that the first organisms on these islands worked together closely in a relationship known as symbiosis, which is particularly important on islands. This captures the essential information that symbiosis is a close cooperation between organisms and that it is especially important in island environments.Rate this question:
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- 23.
It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the fungi in lichens benefit from their symbiotic relationship with algae in what way?
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The algae help the fungi meet some of their energy needs.
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The algae protect the fungi from the Sun's radiation.
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The algae provide the fungi with greater space for absorbing water.
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The fungi produce less waste in the presence of algae.
Correct Answer
A. The algae help the fungi meet some of their energy needs.Explanation
The fungi in lichens benefit from their symbiotic relationship with algae because the algae help meet some of their energy needs. This implies that the algae provide the fungi with a source of energy, which is advantageous for the fungi's survival and growth.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The word "abundantly" in the passage is closest in meaning to
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Occasionally
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Plentifully
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Usefully
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Fortunately
Correct Answer
A. PlentifullyExplanation
The word "abundantly" in the passage indicates a large amount or quantity of something. It suggests that whatever is being referred to is available in great supply or is plentiful. Therefore, the closest meaning to "abundantly" is "plentifully", as it conveys the idea of something being present in large quantities.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The word "propagate" in the passage is closest in meaning to
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Multiply
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Emerge
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Live
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Evolve
Correct Answer
A. MultiplyExplanation
In the passage, the word "propagate" is used. This word refers to the action of reproducing or increasing in number. It implies the process of multiplying or spreading something, such as ideas or organisms. Therefore, the closest meaning to "propagate" in this context is "multiply."Rate this question:
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- 26.
According to paragraph 3, what was the relationship between lichens and ferns in the development of plant life on Hawaii?
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Ferns were able to grow because lichens created suitable soil. It is broken down quickly in the intestine.
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The decomposition of ferns produced minerals that were used by lichens.
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Lichens and ferns competed to grow in the same rocky environments.
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Lichens and ferns were typically found together in volcanic areas.
Correct Answer
A. Ferns were able to grow because lichens created suitable soil. It is broken down quickly in the intestine.Explanation
The correct answer states that ferns were able to grow because lichens created suitable soil. This means that lichens played a role in creating the necessary conditions for ferns to thrive. The fact that the soil created by lichens is quickly broken down in the intestine suggests that it is a nutrient-rich soil that can support fern growth. This explanation implies a symbiotic relationship between lichens and ferns, where the lichens provide the soil and the ferns benefit from it.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The word “This” in the passage refers to
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The spread of ferns and mosses in Hawaii
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The creation of the Hawaiian Islands
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The evolution of ferns
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The development of plants that produce seeds
Correct Answer
A. The development of plants that produce seedsExplanation
The passage is discussing the word "This" which refers to the development of plants that produce seeds. The passage does not mention anything about the spread of ferns and mosses in Hawaii, the creation of the Hawaiian Islands, or the evolution of ferns. Therefore, the correct answer is the development of plants that produce seeds.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Why does the author mention "a nut," "a peach," and "a cherry"?
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To indicate that some seeds are less likely to survive than others
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To point out that many angiosperms can be eaten
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To provide examples of blooming plants
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To illustrate the variety of coverings among angiosperm seeds
Correct Answer
A. To illustrate the variety of coverings among angiosperm seedsExplanation
The author mentions "a nut," "a peach," and "a cherry" to illustrate the variety of coverings among angiosperm seeds. Each of these examples represents a different type of covering that can be found on angiosperm seeds, highlighting the diversity in their appearances. This helps to emphasize the point that angiosperm seeds can have a wide range of coverings, showcasing the variety within this group of plants.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The word "dormant" in the passage is closest in meaning to
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Hidden
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Inactive
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Underground
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Preserved
Correct Answer
A. InactiveExplanation
The word "dormant" in the passage refers to something that is not currently active or not showing any signs of activity. It suggests a state of rest or inactivity. Therefore, the word "inactive" is the closest in meaning to "dormant" as it also implies a lack of activity or motion.Rate this question:
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- 30.
According to paragraph 5, a major reason that coconuts can establish themselves in distant locations is that their seeds can
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Survive long exposure to heat on island beaches
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Float and survive for long periods in ocean water
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Use saltwater for maintenance and growth
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Maintain hard, protective coats even after growing roots
Correct Answer
A. Float and survive for long periods in ocean waterExplanation
According to paragraph 5, coconuts can establish themselves in distant locations because their seeds can float and survive for long periods in ocean water.Rate this question:
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