Protons, Neutrons, And Electrons In Ions
Questions and Answers
- 1.
How many protons are in O2-?
- A.
8
- B.
6
- C.
10
- D.
10
Correct Answer
A. 8Explanation
The correct answer is 8 because oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which represents the number of protons in its nucleus. The superscript -2 indicates that the oxygen ion has gained two extra electrons, resulting in a negative charge. However, the number of protons remains the same, so there are still 8 protons in O2-.Rate this question:
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- 2.
How many electrons are in O2-?
- A.
2
- B.
6
- C.
8
- D.
10
Correct Answer
D. 10Explanation
The correct answer is 10 because an O2- ion has gained two electrons, giving it a total of 10 electrons. The oxygen atom normally has 8 electrons, but since it has gained two extra electrons to become negatively charged, it now has a total of 10 electrons.Rate this question:
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- 3.
How many electrons are in Cl-?
- A.
17
- B.
18
- C.
16
Correct Answer
B. 18Explanation
The answer is 18 because Cl- is an ion with a negative charge. This means it has gained an extra electron, making the total number of electrons 18. The atomic number of chlorine is 17, so a neutral chlorine atom would have 17 electrons. However, since Cl- has gained an extra electron, it now has 18 electrons in total.Rate this question:
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- 4.
How many electrons in P3-?
- A.
18
- B.
15
- C.
12
- D.
21
Correct Answer
A. 18Explanation
The atomic number of phosphorus (P) is 15, which means it normally has 15 electrons. However, in the given question, the charge on the phosphorus ion is -3, indicated by the superscript "-". This means that the ion has gained 3 extra electrons. Therefore, the total number of electrons in P3- is 15 + 3 = 18.Rate this question:
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- 5.
How many protons in P3-?
- A.
18
- B.
15
- C.
12
- D.
21
Correct Answer
B. 15Explanation
The atomic symbol "P" represents the element phosphorus. The atomic number of phosphorus is 15, which indicates the number of protons in its nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is 15.Rate this question:
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- 6.
How many neutrons in P3-?
- A.
16
- B.
15
- C.
31
- D.
18
Correct Answer
A. 16 -
- 7.
How many neutrons in O2-?
- A.
6
- B.
8
- C.
10
- D.
4
Correct Answer
B. 8Explanation
The correct answer is 8 because the atomic number of oxygen is 8, which represents the number of protons in an oxygen atom. Since the oxygen ion has a charge of -2, it means that it has gained 2 extra electrons. However, the number of neutrons in an atom does not change with the addition or removal of electrons. Therefore, an oxygen ion with a charge of -2 would still have 8 neutrons, the same as a neutral oxygen atom.Rate this question:
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- 8.
How many protons in Cl-?
- A.
35
- B.
18
- C.
17
- D.
18
Correct Answer
C. 17Explanation
The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. In this case, the element is chlorine (Cl), and the atomic number of chlorine is 17. Therefore, the correct answer is 17, indicating that there are 17 protons in a Cl- ion.Rate this question:
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- 9.
How many protons in F-?
- A.
9
- B.
10
- C.
8
- D.
19
Correct Answer
A. 9Explanation
The element symbol "F" represents fluorine, which has an atomic number of 9. The atomic number of an element corresponds to the number of protons in its nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is 9, as fluorine has 9 protons.Rate this question:
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- 10.
How many electrons in F-?
- A.
8
- B.
9
- C.
10
- D.
7
Correct Answer
C. 10Explanation
The correct answer is 10 because F- represents a fluorine ion with a charge of -1. Fluorine has an atomic number of 9, which means it normally has 9 electrons. However, since the ion has a charge of -1, it has gained an extra electron, resulting in a total of 10 electrons.Rate this question:
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- 11.
How many neutrons in F-?
- A.
8
- B.
9
- C.
10
- D.
11
Correct Answer
C. 10 -
- 12.
How many protons in Mg2+?
- A.
10
- B.
12
- C.
8
- D.
14
Correct Answer
B. 12Explanation
The element symbol for Magnesium is Mg, and the superscript 2+ indicates that it has a positive charge of 2. This means that it has lost 2 electrons, leaving it with 12 protons. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, and the number of protons determines the atomic number and identity of the element. Therefore, the correct answer is 12.Rate this question:
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- 13.
How many electrons in Mg2+?
- A.
10
- B.
12
- C.
8
- D.
14
Correct Answer
A. 10Explanation
Mg2+ is the ion of magnesium with a charge of +2. This means that it has lost two electrons. The atomic number of magnesium is 12, which indicates that a neutral magnesium atom has 12 electrons. However, since Mg2+ has lost two electrons, it now only has 10 electrons remaining. Therefore, the correct answer is 10.Rate this question:
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- 14.
How many neutrons in Mg2+?
- A.
10
- B.
12
- C.
8
- D.
14
Correct Answer
B. 12Explanation
The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. In the case of Mg2+, the 2+ charge indicates that it has lost 2 electrons, resulting in a positive charge. Since electrons have negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons, the number of neutrons in an atom remains the same regardless of its charge. The atomic mass of Mg is 24, so subtracting the atomic number (12) from the atomic mass gives the number of neutrons, which is 12.Rate this question:
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- 15.
How many protons in Ca2+?
- A.
20
- B.
22
- C.
18
Correct Answer
A. 20Explanation
The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. Calcium (Ca) has an atomic number of 20, which means it has 20 protons. The Ca2+ ion indicates that it has lost 2 electrons, resulting in a +2 charge. However, the number of protons remains the same, so Ca2+ still has 20 protons. Therefore, the correct answer is 20.Rate this question:
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- 16.
How many electrons in Ca2+?
- A.
18
- B.
20
- C.
22
Correct Answer
A. 18Explanation
Ca2+ is the ion of calcium with a +2 charge. This means that it has lost two electrons from its neutral state. Calcium has an atomic number of 20, which indicates that it normally has 20 electrons. Since Ca2+ has lost two electrons, it now only has 18 electrons remaining. Therefore, the correct answer is 18.Rate this question:
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- 17.
How many protons in Na+?
- A.
9
- B.
10
- C.
11
Correct Answer
C. 11Explanation
The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. Sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11, which means it has 11 protons. When Na loses one electron to form a positive ion (Na+), the number of protons remains the same. Therefore, Na+ also has 11 protons.Rate this question:
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- 18.
How many electrons in Na+?
- A.
9
- B.
10
- C.
11
Correct Answer
B. 10Explanation
Na+ is the ion formed when a sodium atom loses one electron. Sodium (Na) has 11 electrons in its neutral state, but when it loses one electron to become Na+, it only has 10 electrons remaining. Therefore, the correct answer is 10.Rate this question:
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- 19.
How many protons in Ti4+?
- A.
18
- B.
22
- C.
26
Correct Answer
B. 22Explanation
The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. Titanium (Ti) has an atomic number of 22, which means it has 22 protons. When the charge of Ti is 4+, it indicates that it has lost 4 electrons. However, the number of protons remains the same, so Ti4+ still has 22 protons.Rate this question:
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- 20.
How many electrons in Ti4+?
- A.
18
- B.
22
- C.
26
Correct Answer
A. 18Explanation
The correct answer is 18 because when an atom loses four electrons to become a Ti4+ ion, it loses the electrons from its outermost energy level first. Titanium (Ti) has a configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2. When it loses four electrons, it becomes 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6, which is the configuration of argon (Ar). Therefore, Ti4+ has the same electron configuration as argon, which has 18 electrons.Rate this question:
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- 21.
How many protons in K+?
- A.
18
- B.
19
- C.
20
Correct Answer
B. 19Explanation
The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. Since the question is asking about the number of protons in K+, it is referring to the potassium ion with a positive charge. The atomic number of potassium is 19, which means it has 19 protons. Therefore, the correct answer is 19.Rate this question:
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- 22.
How many electrons in K+?
- A.
18
- B.
19
- C.
20
Correct Answer
A. 18 -
- 23.
How many protons in S2-?
- A.
14
- B.
16
- C.
18
Correct Answer
B. 16Explanation
The element symbol for sulfur is S, and the atomic number of sulfur is 16. The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom. Since the question asks for the number of protons in S2-, the 2- charge indicates that there are two more electrons than protons. To find the number of protons, we subtract the charge from the atomic number. Therefore, the number of protons in S2- is 16.Rate this question:
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- 24.
How many electrons in S2-?
- A.
14
- B.
16
- C.
18
Correct Answer
C. 18Explanation
The S2- ion has a charge of -2, indicating that it has gained two electrons. The atomic number of sulfur (S) is 16, meaning that a neutral sulfur atom has 16 electrons. By gaining two electrons, the S2- ion now has a total of 18 electrons.Rate this question:
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- 25.
How many protons in Br-?
- A.
34
- B.
35
- C.
36
Correct Answer
B. 35Explanation
The element symbol "Br" represents bromine, which has an atomic number of 35. The atomic number indicates the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. Therefore, a bromine ion with a charge of -1 (Br-) would still have 35 protons.Rate this question:
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- 26.
How many electrons in Br-?
- A.
34
- B.
35
- C.
36
Correct Answer
C. 36Explanation
The number of electrons in an atom is determined by its atomic number, which is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. In this case, Br- refers to a bromine ion with a charge of -1. Since bromine has an atomic number of 35, it normally has 35 electrons. However, the negative charge indicates that the ion has gained an extra electron, resulting in a total of 36 electrons.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What is the most common ion formed by Li?
- A.
1+
- B.
2+
- C.
3+
Correct Answer
A. 1+Explanation
Lithium (Li) is a Group 1 element, which means it has one valence electron. In order to achieve a stable electron configuration, it tends to lose this one electron and form a positive ion. Therefore, the most common ion formed by Li is Li+ with a charge of 1+.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What is the most common ion formed by Be?
- A.
1+
- B.
2+
- C.
3+
Correct Answer
B. 2+Explanation
Beryllium (Be) is a group 2 element, meaning it has 2 valence electrons. In order to achieve a stable electron configuration, it tends to lose these 2 electrons and form a 2+ ion. This is because losing 2 electrons allows it to have a full outer shell, similar to the nearest noble gas, which increases its stability. Therefore, the most common ion formed by Be is 2+.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What is the most common ion formed by Na?
- A.
1+
- B.
2+
- C.
3+
Correct Answer
A. 1+Explanation
The most common ion formed by Na is 1+. This is because Na has one valence electron, which it tends to lose in order to achieve a stable electron configuration. By losing one electron, Na forms a positive ion with a charge of 1+.Rate this question:
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- 30.
What is the most common ion formed by Mg?
- A.
1+
- B.
2+
- C.
3+
Correct Answer
B. 2+Explanation
Mg (magnesium) typically loses two electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, resulting in the formation of a 2+ ion. This is because magnesium has two valence electrons in its outermost energy level, and it is energetically favorable for it to lose these electrons and attain a full outer shell. The 2+ ion of magnesium is commonly found in various compounds and plays a crucial role in many biological processes.Rate this question:
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- 31.
What is the most common ion formed by Ca?
- A.
1+
- B.
2+
- C.
3+
Correct Answer
B. 2+Explanation
Calcium (Ca) is an alkaline earth metal located in Group 2 of the periodic table. It has two valence electrons in its outermost energy level. In order to achieve a stable electron configuration, calcium tends to lose these two electrons, forming a 2+ ion. This is the most common ion formed by calcium, as it allows the ion to have a full outer energy level, similar to the noble gas configuration of argon.Rate this question:
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- 32.
What is the most common ion formed by K?
- A.
1+
- B.
2+
- C.
3+
Correct Answer
A. 1+Explanation
The most common ion formed by K is 1+. This is because potassium (K) has one valence electron in its outermost shell. In order to achieve a stable electron configuration, it tends to lose this electron and form a positive ion with a charge of 1+.Rate this question:
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- 33.
What is the most common ion formed by N?
- A.
1-
- B.
2-
- C.
3-
Correct Answer
C. 3-Explanation
The most common ion formed by N is 3-. This is because nitrogen typically gains three electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, resulting in a negative charge. This ion is called nitride ion.Rate this question:
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- 34.
What is the most common ion formed by O?
- A.
1-
- B.
2-
- C.
3-
Correct Answer
B. 2-Explanation
The most common ion formed by O is 2-. This is because oxygen has 6 valence electrons and it tends to gain 2 electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration, resulting in a net charge of -2. This makes the ion O2- the most common ion formed by oxygen.Rate this question:
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- 35.
What is the most common ion formed by F?
- A.
1-
- B.
2-
- C.
3-
Correct Answer
A. 1-Explanation
The most common ion formed by F is 1-. This is because fluorine has a valency of 1 and tends to gain one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration. This results in the formation of a negatively charged ion, F-, which is the most common ion formed by fluorine.Rate this question:
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- 36.
What is the most common ion formed by Cl?
- A.
1-
- B.
2-
- C.
3-
Correct Answer
A. 1-Explanation
The most common ion formed by Cl is 1-. This is because chlorine has 7 valence electrons and it requires one more electron to complete its octet and become stable. Therefore, it gains one electron to form a negatively charged ion with a 1- charge.Rate this question:
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- 37.
What is the most common ion formed by S?
- A.
1-
- B.
2-
- C.
3-
Correct Answer
B. 2-Explanation
The most common ion formed by S is 2-. This is because sulfur has 6 valence electrons and it tends to gain 2 electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration, resulting in the formation of the sulfide ion (S2-).Rate this question:
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- 38.
What is the most common ion formed by Br?
- A.
1-
- B.
2-
- C.
3-
Correct Answer
A. 1-Explanation
The most common ion formed by Br is 1-. This is because Br is in Group 7A (or 17) of the periodic table and it has 7 valence electrons. In order to achieve a stable electron configuration, Br will gain one electron to form a negatively charged ion with a 1- charge. This ion is called bromide ion (Br-).Rate this question:
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- 39.
How many electrons in Cu+?
- A.
28
- B.
29
- C.
30
Correct Answer
A. 28Explanation
Cu+ refers to a copper ion that has lost one electron. The atomic number of copper is 29, which means that a neutral copper atom would have 29 electrons. However, Cu+ has lost one electron, so it would have 28 electrons remaining. Therefore, the correct answer is 28.Rate this question:
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- 40.
How many protons in Cu+?
- A.
28
- B.
29
- C.
30
Correct Answer
B. 29Explanation
Copper (Cu) has an atomic number of 29, which means it has 29 protons in its nucleus. The "+" sign indicates that the copper ion has lost one electron, resulting in a positive charge. However, the number of protons remains the same, so the answer is 29.Rate this question:
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- 41.
How many electrons in Cu2+?
- A.
27
- B.
29
- C.
31
Correct Answer
A. 27Explanation
Cu2+ is the ion of copper that has a charge of +2. This means that it has lost two electrons from its neutral state. Since the atomic number of copper is 29, it normally has 29 electrons. However, with a +2 charge, it has lost two electrons, resulting in a total of 27 electrons.Rate this question:
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- 42.
How many protons in Cu2+?
- A.
27
- B.
28
- C.
29
- D.
30
Correct Answer
C. 29Explanation
The atomic number of an element corresponds to the number of protons in its nucleus. Since the question asks for the number of protons in Cu2+, we need to look at the atomic number of copper (Cu), which is 29. The 2+ charge indicates that there are two fewer electrons than protons, resulting in a net positive charge of 2. Therefore, the correct answer is 29, as it represents the number of protons in Cu2+.Rate this question:
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- 43.
How many protons in Fe2+?
- A.
24
- B.
25
- C.
26
- D.
27
- E.
28
Correct Answer
C. 26Explanation
The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. In the case of Fe2+, the 2+ charge indicates that the ion has lost two electrons. Since protons carry a positive charge, the number of protons remains the same as the neutral atom. The atomic number of iron (Fe) is 26, so the correct answer is 26.Rate this question:
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- 44.
How many electrons in Fe2+?
- A.
24
- B.
25
- C.
26
- D.
27
- E.
28
Correct Answer
A. 24Explanation
The atomic number of iron (Fe) is 26, which represents the number of protons in its nucleus. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. However, in the Fe2+ ion, it has lost two electrons, resulting in a +2 charge. Therefore, the Fe2+ ion will have 24 electrons, which is two less than the number of protons.Rate this question:
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- 45.
How many protons in Fe3+?
- A.
24
- B.
25
- C.
26
- D.
27
- E.
28
Correct Answer
C. 26Explanation
The atomic number of iron (Fe) is 26, which represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Since the Fe3+ ion has a positive charge of +3, it means that it has lost 3 electrons, resulting in a net charge of +3. However, the number of protons in an atom remains the same regardless of the charge. Therefore, the Fe3+ ion still has 26 protons.Rate this question:
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- 46.
How many electrons in Fe3+?
- A.
23
- B.
26
- C.
29
Correct Answer
C. 29Explanation
The correct answer is 29 because Fe3+ indicates that iron has a charge of +3. Since iron typically has 26 electrons in its neutral state, the +3 charge means that it has lost 3 electrons. Therefore, the total number of electrons in Fe3+ is 26 - 3 = 23.Rate this question:
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- 47.
How many electrons in Ag+?
- A.
46
- B.
47
- C.
48
Correct Answer
A. 46Explanation
Ag+ refers to a silver ion with a positive charge. The plus sign indicates that the ion has lost one electron. Since a neutral silver atom has 47 electrons, Ag+ would have 46 electrons after losing one. Therefore, the correct answer is 46.Rate this question:
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- 48.
How many protons in Ag+?
- A.
46
- B.
47
- C.
48
Correct Answer
B. 47Explanation
The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. In the case of Ag+, the "+" sign indicates that the silver ion has lost one electron, resulting in a positive charge. Since the number of protons in an atom remains the same regardless of its charge, the number of protons in Ag+ is still 47, as it is for neutral silver atoms.Rate this question:
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- 49.
How many electrons in Sn4+?
- A.
46
- B.
50
- C.
54
Correct Answer
A. 46Explanation
The element symbol "Sn" represents the element tin, which has an atomic number of 50. The number after the element symbol, "+4" in this case, represents the oxidation state of the element. In the case of Sn4+, the element has lost four electrons, resulting in a positive charge of +4. Since tin has an atomic number of 50, it normally has 50 electrons. However, with a +4 charge, it has lost four electrons, leaving it with 46 electrons.Rate this question:
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- 50.
How many protons in Sn4+?
- A.
46
- B.
50
- C.
54
Correct Answer
B. 50Explanation
The element symbol Sn represents the element tin, which has an atomic number of 50. The atomic number corresponds to the number of protons in an atom. The Sn4+ ion indicates that the tin atom has lost four electrons, resulting in a positive charge. The number of protons in the Sn4+ ion remains the same as the number of protons in a neutral tin atom, which is 50.Rate this question:
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