Remedial Penilaian Harian Kelas Xi

Mitochondria are often referred to as "The power of the cell" because they are responsible for the process of cellular respiration, which generates ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the main energy currency of the cell. Mitochondria have their own DNA and are capable of producing energy through the breakdown of glucose and other molecules. This energy is essential for various cellular activities and is why mitochondria are considered the powerhouse of the cell.

Rudolf Virchow proposed the theory of Omnis cellula ex cellulae, which states that cells arise from pre-existing cells. This theory contradicted the prevailing belief at the time that cells could spontaneously generate. Virchow's theory was based on his observations of cell division and his understanding of cellular processes. His contributions to the field of cell biology were significant and helped establish the concept of cell continuity and the understanding that all cells originate from pre-existing cells.

The correct answer is 4 because the image shows a cell with various organelles, and the organelle labeled with number 4 is the mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.

Plastida adalah organel yang hanya dimiliki oleh sel tumbuhan. Plastida memiliki berbagai fungsi, termasuk fotosintesis, penyimpanan zat makanan, dan produksi pigmen. Organel ini terdiri dari kloroplas, yang berperan dalam fotosintesis, dan lekoplast, yang berperan dalam penyimpanan zat makanan seperti pati dan lemak. Karena hanya ditemukan pada sel tumbuhan, plastida tidak ditemukan pada sel hewan atau mikroorganisme lainnya.

Lisosom berperan dalam mencerna benda asing dalam sel, sedangkan Sentrosom berperan dalam pembelahan sel. Oleh karena itu, organel yang berperan mencerna benda asing dan berperan dalam pembelahan sel adalah Lisosom (1) dan Sentrosom (5).

When a piece of potato is placed in a 20% salt solution, the water inside the potato cells will move out of the cells through osmosis. This is because the salt solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the potato cells. As a result, the potato will lose water and its weight will decrease. Therefore, the correct answer is "beratnya akan berkurang karena air akan keluar dari sel kentang" (its weight will decrease because water will exit the potato cells).

The correct answer is "Dinding sel" (cell wall). The cell wall is a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane in protists, plants, and fungi. It provides support and protection to the cell, but it is not present in animal cells. Animal cells only have a cell membrane, which is flexible and allows for movement.

The correct answer is "Sel gabus merupakan sel mati karena tidak dijumpai adanya sitoplasma." This is because the statement correctly identifies that cork cells, or sel gabus, are dead cells. The absence of cytoplasm in these cells indicates that they have lost their living functions and are no longer metabolically active.

Ribosom adalah organel sel yang berperan dalam sintesis protein. Ribosom terdapat baik di sitoplasma maupun di dalam retikulum endoplasma. Organel ini bertanggung jawab untuk menerjemahkan informasi genetik dari RNA menjadi protein. Dengan demikian, ribosom berperan penting dalam proses pembentukan protein yang diperlukan untuk berbagai fungsi seluler.

The correct answer states that the solute moves from a hypertonic solution to a hypotonic solution. This is the key difference between diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, while osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. Therefore, the correct answer accurately distinguishes osmosis from diffusion.

Lisosom memiliki ciri-ciri yang sesuai dengan yang disebutkan dalam pertanyaan. Lisosom dibentuk oleh kompleks Golgi, berisi enzim-enzim hidrolitik seperti lisozim, dan memiliki sistem membran tunggal. Oleh karena itu, lisosom adalah organel yang memiliki ciri-ciri yang sesuai dengan yang disebutkan dalam pertanyaan.

The correct answer is "Melakukan segala proses yang dilakukan suatu individu organisme sebagai satu kesatuan." This answer suggests that cells perform all the processes that an individual organism does as a unified entity. This is true because cells carry out various functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli, which are essential for the survival and functioning of the whole organism.

The correct answer is fosfolipid bilayer. The basic unit of the plasma membrane structure is composed of a double layer of phospholipids, known as the phospholipid bilayer. This bilayer forms a barrier that separates the internal components of the cell from the external environment. The hydrophilic (water-loving) heads of the phospholipids face outward, interacting with the surrounding aqueous environment, while the hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails face inward, creating a nonpolar region in the middle of the bilayer. This phospholipid bilayer provides the foundation for the plasma membrane's selective permeability and plays a crucial role in maintaining cell integrity and regulating the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.

The correct answer is 1. The explanation for this is that organelles responsible for transporting synthesized proteins from ribosomes are called endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER is a network of membranes that extends throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It is involved in the synthesis, folding, and transport of proteins. The ribosomes are attached to the ER, and as proteins are synthesized by the ribosomes, they are transported into the ER for further processing and eventual transport to other parts of the cell or outside of the cell. Therefore, the organelle indicated by number 1 in the diagram is the endoplasmic reticulum, which is responsible for transporting synthesized proteins from ribosomes.

Jika sel tumbuhan dimasukkan dalam larutan hipertonik, maka akan mengalami suatu peristiwa yang disebut plasmolisis. Plasmolisis terjadi ketika air keluar dari sel tumbuhan ke dalam larutan hipertonik, menyebabkan sitoplasma menyusut dan membran sel terlepas dari dinding sel. Hal ini terjadi karena larutan hipertonik memiliki konsentrasi zat terlarut yang lebih tinggi daripada dalam sel tumbuhan, sehingga air keluar dari sel untuk menciptakan keseimbangan osmotik.

The theory of cells stating that cells are the fundamental structural units was first proposed by Schleiden and Schwann. They were both influential scientists in the field of biology who independently came to the conclusion that cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms. Schleiden focused on plant cells, while Schwann studied animal cells. Their combined work laid the foundation for the modern cell theory, which is one of the fundamental principles in biology.

Leukoplast adalah organel pada sel tumbuhan yang berfungsi sebagai tempat penimbunan makanan. Organel ini terutama bertanggung jawab untuk menyimpan pati dan lemak. Kromoplast adalah organel yang bertanggung jawab untuk menyimpan pigmen seperti karotenoid dan xantofil, sedangkan kloroplast adalah organel yang berperan dalam fotosintesis. Elaioplast adalah organel yang menyimpan lemak dan proteoplast adalah organel yang menyimpan protein. Oleh karena itu, leukoplast adalah jawaban yang tepat untuk pertanyaan ini.

Peroksisom berfungsi untuk merombak hidrogen peroksida (H2O2) menjadi senyawa tidak beracun yaitu air (H2O) dan oksigen (O2). Oleh karena itu, peroksisom adalah organel yang tepat untuk melakukan reaksi penguraian H2O2 menjadi senyawa yang tidak beracun.

The correct answer is Retikulum endoplasma. The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membrane-bound tubules and sacs that are involved in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and the transport of molecules within the cell. It is connected to the nuclear envelope and is responsible for the synthesis of proteins and lipids that are destined for various organelles or for secretion outside the cell. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. Therefore, the endoplasmic reticulum is closely related to the protein synthesis and transport system in the cell.

The correct answer states that only water moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration. This is because osmosis is the process of water molecules moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane. The option that mentions water and substances moving from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration is incorrect because osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water molecules, not substances.