Pmkvy - Ftns Internal Assessment - II

Each IP address in IPv4 addressing is a unique 32-bit number. This means that the address is composed of 32 binary digits, which allows for a total of 4,294,967,296 unique addresses. This 32-bit structure is a fundamental characteristic of IPv4 addressing and is used to identify and locate devices on a network.

The default subnet mask for a Class B network is 255.255.0.0. In a Class B network, the first two octets represent the network portion, while the last two octets represent the host portion. The subnet mask is used to determine the boundaries between the network and host portions. In this case, the subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 allows for a larger number of hosts compared to the other options, as it only reserves the first two octets for the network portion.

The most common logical topologies are bus and ring. A bus topology is a network layout where all devices are connected to a single cable, forming a linear structure. In this topology, data is transmitted in both directions, allowing for easy communication between devices. On the other hand, a ring topology connects devices in a circular manner, forming a closed loop. Each device receives and then forwards data to the next device until it reaches the intended recipient. Both bus and ring topologies are widely used in networking to establish connections between devices.

NICs (Network Interface Cards) are hardware devices that allow computers to connect to a network. They contain a data transceiver, which is responsible for transmitting and receiving data signals. This transceiver converts the digital data from the computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over the network, and vice versa. Therefore, the correct answer is "data transceiver".

The given IP address, 168.34.88.29, falls within the range of Class B addresses. In IPv4 addressing, the first octet of a Class B address ranges from 128 to 191, indicating that the network belongs to Class B.

TCP is a connection-oriented sub protocol because it establishes a reliable and ordered connection between two devices before transmitting data. It ensures that all packets are received in the correct order and handles any lost or corrupted packets by retransmitting them. This approach guarantees the delivery of data and is commonly used for applications that require a reliable and error-free connection, such as web browsing, email, and file transfers.

Secondary memory is also known as auxiliary memory because it is used to store data and programs that are not currently being used by the computer's processor. Unlike primary memory (such as RAM), which is volatile and loses its contents when the computer is powered off, auxiliary memory retains its data even when the power is turned off. Examples of auxiliary memory include hard disk drives, solid-state drives, optical discs, and magnetic tapes. This type of memory provides additional storage capacity for the computer and allows for long-term storage of data and programs.

In the latest generation computers, instructions are executed both sequentially and in parallel. This means that some instructions are executed one after the other in a sequential manner, while other instructions are executed simultaneously in parallel. This allows for efficient and faster processing of tasks, as multiple instructions can be executed at the same time. Sequential execution ensures that the instructions are executed in the correct order, while parallel execution maximizes the utilization of the computer's resources. Therefore, the correct answer is that instructions are executed both sequentially and in parallel in the latest generation computers.

A laser printer is commonly used for desktop publishing because it offers high-quality prints with sharp and precise text and graphics. It uses a laser beam to create an electrostatic image on a drum, which is then transferred onto the paper. Laser printers are fast, efficient, and produce professional-looking documents, making them a popular choice for desktop publishing tasks. Inkjet printers, daisywheel printers, and dot matrix printers are also used for printing, but they may not offer the same level of quality and speed as a laser printer.

NTP (Network Time Protocol) is a simple Application layer protocol used to synchronize the clocks of computers on a network. It allows computers to accurately maintain the same time by exchanging time information between them. This is crucial for various network applications and services that rely on accurate time synchronization, such as authentication, logging, and distributed file systems. NTP ensures that all computers on the network have a consistent and accurate time reference, improving overall network performance and reliability.

Traditional switches operate at the data link layer of the OSI model. The data link layer is responsible for providing reliable and error-free transfer of data between adjacent network nodes over a physical link. Switches at this layer use MAC addresses to forward data packets within a local area network (LAN), making decisions based on the destination MAC address in the Ethernet frame header.

A hub is a repeater with more than one output port. A hub is a device that connects multiple devices in a network and forwards all the data received on one port to all the other ports. It does not make any intelligent decisions about where to send the data, unlike a switch or a router. Therefore, a hub is the correct answer for a repeater with multiple output ports.

The most popular expansion board NIC today uses a PCIe bus. PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard that provides a faster and more efficient connection between the expansion board and the computer's motherboard. It offers higher bandwidth and lower latency compared to other bus types like ISA or ExpressCard, making it the preferred choice for modern expansion boards.

A collision domain refers to the portion of an Ethernet network where collisions occur if two nodes transmit data at the same time. In this domain, when two or more devices transmit data simultaneously, the signals collide and result in data loss or corruption. This can happen in a shared medium such as a hub or in a switch port that has multiple devices connected without VLANs. By understanding the concept of collision domains, network administrators can design and manage their networks effectively to minimize collisions and optimize network performance.

MAR stands for Memory Address Register. It is a hardware component that holds the address of the memory location currently being accessed or referenced by the CPU. The CPU uses the MAR to fetch instructions or data from the memory. It acts as an intermediary between the CPU and the memory, ensuring that the correct memory location is accessed. Therefore, MAR holds the address of the active memory, making it the correct answer.

The valid domain and forest functional levels for a Windows Server 2008 domain include Windows Server 2003 /2008. This means that the domain and forest functional levels can be set to either Windows Server 2003 or Windows Server 2008, allowing for compatibility with both versions.

The correct answer is IP. IP (Internet Protocol) is the sub protocol that enables TCP/IP to internetwork. It allows TCP/IP to traverse multiple LAN segments and different types of networks through a router. IP is responsible for addressing and routing data packets across different networks, ensuring that they reach their intended destinations. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are transport layer protocols that rely on IP for internetworking. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a network layer protocol used for error reporting and diagnostics, but it does not directly enable TCP/IP to internetwork.

Switches and bridges implement the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) to eliminate the possibility of a broadcast storm. A broadcast storm can occur when there are multiple redundant paths in a network, causing broadcast frames to continuously circulate and consume network resources. STP helps in preventing loops by creating a loop-free logical topology and selectively blocking redundant paths. This ensures that there is only one active path between any two network devices, preventing broadcast storms and maintaining network stability.

A microcomputer is formed by the combination of a microprocessor unit, a memory unit, and an input/output unit. A microprocessor unit is responsible for executing instructions, a memory unit stores data and instructions, and an input/output unit allows communication with external devices. Together, these components create a complete computer system capable of performing various tasks. Therefore, the correct answer is microcomputer.

Domain & OU is a container object because it is used to organize and manage objects within a network. A domain is a logical grouping of network resources, such as users, computers, and groups, while an Organizational Unit (OU) is a subdivision within a domain that allows for further organization and delegation of administrative tasks. Both the domain and OU act as containers that hold and manage other objects, making them the correct answer in this context.

GPOs (Group Policy Objects) are updated on domain controllers at approximately 15-minute intervals. This means that any changes made to GPOs will be applied to the domain controllers and subsequently to the client computers within the domain within this timeframe. This interval allows for efficient and timely updates to ensure that the latest policies are enforced across the network.

The correct answer is assembly language programs. Assembly language is a low-level programming language that is specific to a particular computer architecture. It uses mnemonic codes to represent machine instructions, making it easier for programmers to write and understand code for microprocessor-based systems. Firmware refers to software that is embedded in hardware devices, while BASIC interpreter instructions and flowchart instructions are not specific to microprocessor-based systems.

Gateways are combinations of networking hardware and software that connect two dissimilar kinds of networks. Unlike routers and switches, which primarily connect similar networks, gateways are designed to bridge the gap between different types of networks. They are used to facilitate communication and data transfer between networks that use different protocols or have different architectures. Gateways are essential for connecting networks that have incompatible technologies, such as connecting a local area network (LAN) to the internet.

A router is a multiport connectivity device that directs data between nodes on a network. Unlike a switch or bridge, a router operates at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model and can make intelligent routing decisions based on IP addresses. A router connects multiple networks together and determines the best path for data packets to reach their destination. It uses routing tables and protocols to efficiently direct traffic and can also perform functions such as network address translation (NAT) and firewalling. A gateway, on the other hand, is a device that connects two different types of networks, such as a local area network (LAN) to the internet.

The Dsadd command can be used to create a user object with a single command. This command is commonly used in Windows operating systems to create objects such as users, groups, and organizational units. By specifying the necessary parameters and attributes, the Dsadd command can quickly create a user object without the need for additional commands or steps.

Organizational Units are an Active Directory container used to organize a network's users and resources into logical administrative units. This allows for easier management and delegation of administrative tasks within the network. By grouping users and resources into Organizational Units, administrators can apply policies, permissions, and settings specific to that unit, making it a fundamental component of Active Directory's hierarchical structure. Therefore, the correct answer is Organizational Units.

Active Directory is a directory service that provides authentication and authorization to users and computers in a network environment. It allows administrators to manage and control user access to resources such as files, folders, and applications. By authenticating users, Active Directory verifies their identity, ensuring that only authorized individuals can access the network. It also authorizes users by granting or denying permissions to specific resources based on their roles and responsibilities within the organization. Therefore, the main purpose of Active Directory is to provide authentication and authorization to users and computers.

The grouping of "mycorp.com" and "newsite.mycorp.com" would form a tree. In this grouping, "mycorp.com" would be the parent domain, and "newsite.mycorp.com" would be a subdomain or child domain of "mycorp.com". This hierarchical structure resembles a tree, where the parent domain branches out into multiple subdomains.

The user granted Domain Administrator access over the domain dallas.mycorp.com may administer the dallas.mycorp.com within the mycorp.com domain. This means they have administrative control over the dallas.mycorp.com subdomain within the larger mycorp.com domain. They do not have administrative control over the other options mentioned in the question.

After running the Add Roles Wizard in Server Manager to add the AD DS role, if the Administrative Tools folder does not contain any of the Active Directory management tools, the appropriate action to take is to run Dcpromo.exe. This command is used to promote a server to a domain controller and will likely install the necessary Active Directory management tools.

When data is entered into a memory location, it will erase the previous content. This means that any existing data in the memory location will be overwritten by the new data being entered.

The correct answer is MX. MX stands for Mail Exchanger and it is a type of DNS record that is used to specify the mail server responsible for accepting incoming emails for a particular domain. It points out the location of the mail server and helps in routing emails correctly.

The most likely cause of the user's inability to change his password is that the property "User cannot change password" has been enabled when his account was created. This property restricts the user from changing their password, which could explain why he is experiencing this issue.

The correct Active Directory organizational order is Forest, Tree, Domain, Computer. In Active Directory, a Forest is the highest level of organization and can consist of multiple Trees. Each Tree can contain multiple Domains, and each Domain can have multiple Computers. Therefore, the correct order is Forest (largest), followed by Tree, Domain, and finally Computer (smallest).

The physical topology of a network refers to the arrangement and placement of devices and cables. It focuses on the physical layout and connections of the network, rather than the logical or functional aspects. By depicting a network in a broad scope, the physical topology provides an overview of how devices are connected and organized within the network, allowing administrators to understand the physical structure and layout of the network. This information is essential for troubleshooting, planning, and managing the network effectively.

LDIFDE can be used to delete user accounts. LDIFDE stands for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Data Interchange Format, and it is a command-line tool that allows administrators to import, export, and modify objects in Active Directory. In this case, it can be used to delete user accounts for employees who have left the company.

Groups are not considered an organizing component of Active Directory. In Active Directory, objects such as users, computers, and resources are organized into containers called Organizational Units (OUs) to facilitate management and administration. Groups, on the other hand, are used to simplify the assignment of permissions and access control to these objects within the Active Directory structure.

The correct answer is GPUPDATE /force. This command is used to force an immediate update of group policy settings on a computer or a group of computers. By using the /force parameter, the update is enforced even if there are no changes to the group policy settings. This command is particularly useful when there is a need to quickly apply any new or modified group policy settings to the computers in the Airtel domain.

The index hole is a feature found in older models of floppy disks and is used by the disk drive to determine the start of each track. However, in the context of the given options, the index hole is not directly related to any of them. CPU stands for Central Processing Unit, which is the main component of a computer system responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. Therefore, the correct answer is CPU.

Placing the Active Directory database and log files on separate physical disks would result in optimum performance. This is because separating the files onto different disks allows for parallel read and write operations, reducing disk contention and improving overall performance. It also helps to distribute the I/O workload across multiple disks, increasing throughput and reducing latency.

A Group Policy Object (GPO) can be linked to sites. Sites are logical groupings of computers in Active Directory that are based on their physical location. By linking a GPO to a site, the policies defined in the GPO can be applied to all the computers within that site, ensuring consistent configuration and management across the network. This is particularly useful for organizations with multiple physical locations or branch offices, as it allows them to apply specific policies to computers within each site.

After installing Active Directory, the built-in user accounts are no longer local user accounts. Active Directory is a directory service that allows for centralized management of users, groups, and resources in a network environment. When Active Directory is installed, the built-in user accounts are converted into domain user accounts, which are managed and authenticated by the Active Directory domain controller. This allows for a more efficient and secure management of user accounts across the network.

When a policy is defined in a Group Policy Object (GPO) linked to an Organizational Unit (OU) and that same policy is defined with a different setting in a GPO linked to a domain, by default, the policy setting in the GPO linked to the OU is applied. This is because GPOs linked to OUs have a higher precedence than GPOs linked to the domain. Therefore, the policy setting in the GPO linked to the OU will take effect for the objects within that OU, while the policy setting in the GPO linked to the domain will be ignored in this case.

A tree root domain is a separate domain within an existing forest that has its own namespace, independent from the forest where it is installed. It is created when Active Directory is installed on a server and is used to establish a new branch or tree structure within the existing forest. This allows for the organization of resources and administration in a more hierarchical manner, while still being a part of the larger forest.

The correct answer is "Similar to a database program but with the capability to manage objects in it." This answer suggests that the policy in both GPOs defaults to "Not Defined" in order to avoid any conflicts. This implies that the GPOs function similarly to a database program, where objects (such as policies) can be managed and modified.

In a branch office where physical security might be less than optimum, installing a read-only domain controller would be the most appropriate scenario. A read-only domain controller (RODC) is a type of domain controller that stores a read-only copy of the Active Directory database. It is designed for locations with limited physical security, such as branch offices, where the risk of unauthorized access to the domain controller is higher. By installing an RODC, the risk of compromising the entire Active Directory infrastructure is reduced, as the RODC does not store any passwords locally and cannot be modified by unauthorized users.

The address given to a computer connected to a network is called a structure. This refers to the arrangement or organization of the different components and elements within the computer's network connection. The structure includes information such as the IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and other network settings that allow the computer to communicate and interact with other devices on the network.

When Active Directory is installed, two default Group Policy Objects (GPOs) are created: Default Domain Policy and Default Domain Controllers Policy. The Default Domain Policy is applied to the entire domain and contains settings that affect all users and computers in the domain. The Default Domain Controllers Policy is applied specifically to domain controllers and contains settings that are applied only to those servers. These two default GPOs provide a starting point for configuring and managing Group Policy settings in an Active Directory environment.

The majority of account policies are contained in the Computer Configuration node, specifically within the Windows Settings folder and the Security Settings node. This is where administrators can configure security settings and policies that apply to the entire computer or to specific groups of users. The Administrative Templates folder and the Windows Components node are not specifically related to account policies, and the User Configuration node is focused on policies that apply to individual users rather than the entire computer.

In order to prevent users of the DomA-Group from accessing the Control Panel, the setting needs to be configured in the User Configuration node, specifically in the Administrative Templates folder. This folder contains various policy settings that can be applied to user accounts. By configuring the appropriate policy setting within this folder, the desired restriction can be enforced for all users within the DomA-Group, regardless of the machine they log into.