4th Ems Conference Quiz

The cutoff value for the diagnosis of hypertension is ≥ 140/90. This means that if a person's blood pressure consistently measures at or above 140/90, they can be diagnosed with hypertension.

The most important diagnostic tool in acute appendicitis is history and examination. This is because the symptoms and physical findings can provide valuable information to the healthcare provider. The history may include symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, while the examination may reveal tenderness in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, rebound tenderness, and a positive McBurney's sign. These findings, along with the clinical judgment of the healthcare provider, can help in making a diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Laboratory tests like TLC (total leukocyte count), ultrasound (US), and CT (computed tomography) may also be used to support the diagnosis, but they are not as important as history and examination.

The next step would be to check for viral markers. The patient's increased ALT and AST levels suggest liver dysfunction, and viral hepatitis is a common cause of liver inflammation. Checking for viral markers, such as hepatitis B and C antibodies, can help determine if a viral infection is causing the elevated liver enzymes. This information would be crucial in guiding further diagnostic and treatment decisions for the patient.

The main symptom in peri-anal fistula is discharge. Peri-anal fistula is a condition where an abnormal passage forms between the anal canal and the skin near the anus. This passage can become infected and filled with pus, leading to the discharge of pus or fluid. The discharge may have a foul odor and can stain undergarments. Other symptoms such as pain, swelling, and fever may also be present, but the primary symptom that distinguishes a peri-anal fistula is the discharge.

The correct answer is "improved on antidepressant drugs." This means that depression can be alleviated or improved by taking medication specifically designed to treat depression, known as antidepressant drugs. This suggests that the other options listed, such as having a weak personality, weak faith, or irreversibility, are not effective ways to address or overcome depression.

The correct answer is "all of the above." Retinopathy of prematurity is a condition that affects premature infants, and it is caused by factors such as a gestation period less than 28 weeks and an infant weight less than 1500 gm. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to the development of retinopathy of prematurity.

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Galargine is a long-acting insulin analogue. It is a modified form of insulin that is designed to have a longer duration of action in the body. It is commonly used to provide a basal level of insulin throughout the day and night, helping to control blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. Unlike short-acting insulins like Aspart and Lispro, Galargine does not have a rapid onset of action and is not used to cover mealtime blood sugar spikes. SGLT2, on the other hand, is a class of medications used to treat type 2 diabetes by blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys.

The given statement states that ophthalmological consultation may be needed in case of a chemical burn. This implies that all the other options are true regarding chemical burns. Profuse irrigation is necessary to flush out the chemical, acidic liquids tend to penetrate more than alkaline liquids, and it is important not to neutralize the chemical.

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