Dental Occlusion Exam 1

The statement is true because bruxism is indeed defined as extensive and persistent maximum intercuspation occlusal contacts on inclines leading to mobility, excessive wear, fractures, and other signs and symptoms of occlusal disease. This means that bruxism involves grinding and clenching of the teeth, which can cause damage to the teeth and surrounding structures.

When a patient is in static or stationary occlusion, occlusal contacts should occur between a cusp tip and the depth of an opposing fossa. This means that the highest point of a cusp should make contact with the deepest part of the fossa on the opposing tooth. This ensures proper alignment and distribution of forces during biting and chewing. The depth of the opposing fossa is important because it allows for stability and prevents excessive wear or damage to the teeth.

The distance between the condyle and the first premolars in the oral cavity affects the occlusal forces exerted on the teeth. According to the given information, the occlusal forces on the first premolars are approximately 50% less than the forces exerted on the third molars. Therefore, the statement is true.

When observing the anterior guidance for a patient, if the horizontal overlap remains unchanged and the amount of vertical overlap increases, it means that the lower front teeth are moving closer towards the upper front teeth. This movement will result in an increase in the anterior guidance, which refers to the contact and movement of the front teeth during jaw movements. Therefore, the correct answer is "Increase".

If condylar guidance was the only vertical determinant of occlusion, the cusp angles would need to be less than the angle of the articular eminence in order to avoid a collision in eccentric movements. This means that the cusps of the teeth should be positioned lower than the angle of the articular eminence to prevent any contact or collision during movements other than the normal biting position.

The explanation for the correct answer "Both statements are true" is that horizontal determinants of occlusion do indeed influence the direction and location of ridges and grooves on the occlusal surfaces. Additionally, during eccentric movements, cusps pass between ridges and over grooves, which means that the horizontal determinants also influence the placement of cusps. Therefore, both statements accurately describe the relationship between horizontal determinants of occlusion and the features of occlusal surfaces.

In a patient exhibiting both anterior and posterior controlling factors of 45 degrees each, the angle of the mandibular first premolar as it moves away from the horizontal reference plane when the mandible is opened would be 45 degrees.

**The Outer Oblique Portion of the TML does limit normal rotational opening movement
**The Inner Horizontal Portion of the TML limits **POSTERIOR** movement of the condyle and articular disc

When altering the vertical determinants of occlusal morphology to make the plane of occlusion more parallel to condylar guidance, the effect on cusp height and fossa depth will be shorter posterior cusps. This means that the cusps on the back teeth will be reduced in height. This adjustment helps to create a more harmonious occlusion and improves the stability and function of the bite. Shorter posterior cusps allow for better distribution of forces during chewing and prevent excessive wear or damage to the teeth.

**Contacts should NOT occur on cuspal inclines because these are LESS stable

The mandibular position will exhibit articular on the THINNEST portion of the asrticular disc during centric relation

Anterior guidance is a function of the relationship between the maxillary and mandibular ANTERIOR teeth

The normal curve of occlusion is possible because the interaction of the medial pole of the condly with the STEEP medial wall of the fossa prevents the mandibular posterior teeth from moving straight horizontally TOWARD the midline

The correct answer states that the non-functional pathway is the area that the mandible cannot normally move into. This means that during normal jaw movements, the mandible does not pass through this area. It suggests that there is a specific region where the mandible cannot reach or function properly.

**As the plane of occlusion becomes more nearly parallel to the angle of the articular eminence, the posterior cusps will need to be SHORTER in order to avoid collisions with each other.
**The LESS parallel the horizontal reference plane is to the Condylar Guidance Angle, the steeper the cusps can be.

The mesiolingual cup of the maxillary first molar corresponds to the mesial fossa of the mandibular first molar.

During a non-working movement, the mesiofacial cusp on a permanent mandibular left first molar will travel diagonally through the lingual embrasure between the maxillary second premolar and maxillary first molar. This means that the cusp will move from the mesial marginal ridge of the permanent maxillary first molar to the lingual embrasure between the maxillary second premolar and maxillary first molar.

The correct answer states that the maxillary arch is larger than the mandibular arch, extending from the distal of a third molar on one side through the middle of each tooth to the third molar on the other side. Additionally, it mentions that the maxillary arch is wider or larger in measurement from right to left sides. This suggests that the maxillary arch has a dominant or influential role in determining the overall shape and size of the mandibular arch.

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If a patient has a loose temporomandibular ligament on their working side and a sizable distance between the medial wall of the fossa and medial pole of the condyle on the non-working side, the cusp heights on the non-working side would be shorter. This is because the loose ligament on the working side allows for excessive movement of the condyle, causing the non-working side to have less contact and therefore shorter cusp heights.

The closer the tooth is to the midline, the smaller the angle between the laterotrusive and mediotrusive pathways. This means that when the tooth is closer to the midline, the deviation from the straight pathway during mandibular movement on the non-working side is less pronounced.

Class 2 occlusion refers to a dental condition where the first molar and canine relationships are distally positioned, meaning they are positioned further back than normal. Additionally, in class 2 occlusion, there is excessive anterior horizontal overlap, which means that the upper front teeth overlap significantly with the lower front teeth when the jaws are closed. This can result in an overbite or a deep bite.

The statement is incorrect because the TMJ is innervated by multiple nerves, not just one. The auriculotemporal nerve provides sensory innervation to the TMJ, while the deep temporal and masseteric nerves (branches of the Trigeminal V-3 nerve) also contribute to the sensory innervation. Additionally, the TMJ is innervated by the motor branches of the Trigeminal V-3 nerve, which provide motor innervation to the muscles involved in TMJ movement. Therefore, the innervation of the TMJ involves multiple nerves that provide both sensory and motor innervation to the joint and surrounding muscles.

The maxillary teeth that have only one corresponding tooth in the opposing arch are the third molars. These are the last set of molars that typically erupt in the late teens or early twenties. Since the opposing arch usually does not have a third molar, they are the only teeth in the maxillary arch that have only one namesake in the opposing arch.

When there is an immediate vertical opening with a noticeable measurement, it means that the mandible moves downward abruptly. In order for this movement to occur smoothly, the cusps on the non-working side must be shorter. This allows for proper alignment and prevents interference between the cusps during the vertical opening.

When the working condyle moves in a more posterolateral direction, the angle formed by the mediotrusive and laterotrusive pathways becomes larger.

The term used to describe the pathway of the maxillary cusps positioned over the mandibular teeth, parallel to the mandibular molar lingual groove, and traveling towards the tongue is "working." This term is commonly used in dentistry to describe the movement and function of the teeth during chewing and grinding of food.

** Both of this happen at the NON-WORKING condyle

If centric relation and maximum intercuspation DO NOT coincide, the patient will have a slide. All occlusal forces should be concentrated down the long axis of POSTERIOR teeth.

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The ideal plane of occlusion is not necessarily flat or curved but is designed to allow for simultaneous functional contacts in specific controlled areas of the dental arch. This means that during normal biting and chewing, the teeth should come together in a coordinated manner to distribute forces evenly and promote optimal function.

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The correct answer is laterotrusion. Laterotrusion refers to the lateral movement of the mandible, specifically towards the working side. In the given scenario, the large bold arrow emanating from the central fossa of a permanent maxillary first molar and traveling out the facial groove indicates a lateral movement towards the working side, which is characteristic of laterotrusion.

During a right lateral movement of the mandible, the left side of the mandible is referred to as the non-working side. This term is used to describe the side of the jaw that is not actively involved in the chewing or grinding of food during this specific movement. The working side, on the other hand, is the side of the jaw that is actively engaged in the chewing process.

The Temporalis Muscle is responsible for retracting or retruding the mandible, which means it helps to move the lower jaw backwards. This muscle also plays a role in positioning the mandible to obtain centric relation, which is the ideal position of the jaw where the upper and lower teeth fit together properly. The other options mentioned in the question, such as opening the mandible in a superior direction, causing clenching of the teeth, and producing lateral movement of the mandible, are not normal functional activities of the Temporalis Muscle.

When viewing a pantographic tracing of mandibular border movements from a sagittal view at the level of the mandibular central incisors, the position that exhibits tooth contact is edge-to-edge incisal. In this position, the incisal edges of the mandibular central incisors come into contact with the opposing teeth. This indicates that there is no overbite or overjet present, and the teeth are in a position where they can make direct contact with each other.

**This muscle is progressively active druing CLOSING of the mandible
**This muscle is mostly covered but there is some section the clinician can palpate

The correct answer is non-functional. In a moving occlusion diagram, a large bold arrow indicates the direction of mandibular movement. In this case, the arrow starts from the distal fossa of a maxillary first molar and travels diagonally and posteriorly over the distolingual cusp towards the lingual. This movement does not involve any functional activity like chewing or grinding, hence it is classified as non-functional.

The long sloping arc that travels mediotrusively and anteriorly when viewing a pantographic tracing of mandibular movement at the condylar level on the left side is referred to as the non-working condyle pathway. This pathway represents the movement of the condyle on the side opposite to the direction of mandibular movement during lateral excursion.

In a horizontal view at the level of the mandibular central incisors, the most anterior position would be the maximum protrusion. This means that the mandible is pushed forward as much as possible, extending beyond its normal resting position. This can be seen in a pantographic tracing of mandibular border movements, where the most anterior position would indicate the furthest point of protrusion.