Earth & Space Pre-test

The correct answer is that the earth orbits around the sun and the moon orbits around the earth. This explanation is based on the widely accepted heliocentric model of the solar system, where the sun is at the center and the planets, including the earth, orbit around it. The moon, being a natural satellite of the earth, also orbits around the earth. This arrangement is supported by scientific evidence, such as observations of the motion of celestial bodies and the laws of gravity.

The moon gets its light by reflecting light from the sun. Unlike the sun, the moon does not produce its own light. Instead, it acts as a mirror, reflecting sunlight back to Earth. This is why we see different phases of the moon depending on its position in relation to the sun and Earth. The moon's surface reflects different amounts of sunlight, creating the different phases such as full moon, half moon, and crescent moon.

If the sun had no gravitational pull, the planets would no longer be bound to the sun's gravitational force and would start moving freely throughout the solar system. Without the sun's gravitational pull, there would be no force to keep the planets in their orbits around the sun, causing them to drift away and move independently.

The correct answer is Moon, earth, sun. This is because the moon is the smallest celestial body among the three, followed by the earth, and then the sun, which is the largest.

A full moon occurs when the side of the moon facing earth is completely lit up, meaning that the entire surface of the moon is visible from earth. On the other hand, a new moon is when the side of the moon facing earth is completely dark, making it invisible from earth. During a new moon, the moon is positioned between the earth and the sun, causing the sun to illuminate the side of the moon facing away from earth.

Earth's rotation is the correct answer because it is the spinning of the Earth on its axis that causes the cycle of day and night. As the Earth rotates, different parts of it are exposed to the Sun's light, creating daylight, while the other parts are in shadow, causing darkness or night. This rotation takes approximately 24 hours to complete, resulting in the familiar pattern of alternating day and night on Earth. The other options, such as Earth's orbit or the moon's orbit and rotation, do not directly cause day and night.

A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon is hidden from sight because of the Earth's shadow. This happens when the Earth moves between the sun and the moon, blocking the sun's light from reaching the moon. As a result, the moon appears dark or reddish in color during a lunar eclipse.

The sun's gravity is responsible for holding both the planets and the moons in orbit. The gravitational pull of the sun keeps the planets in their respective orbits around it, while also exerting a gravitational force on the moons, keeping them in orbit around their respective planets. Therefore, the correct answer is Both A & B.

The Earth's gravity holds the moon in orbit around the Earth. Gravity is the force of attraction between two objects with mass, and in this case, the Earth's mass creates a gravitational force that pulls the moon towards it. This gravitational force keeps the moon in a stable orbit around the Earth, preventing it from drifting off into space.

Gravity is a force that attracts objects towards each other. It is responsible for pulling things towards the center of the Earth, which is why objects fall down when dropped. Gravity does not hold things up, as it is a force of attraction rather than support. Therefore, the statement "Gravity pulls things to the center" is true, while the other statements are not.

The tilt of the Earth's axis and its orbit around the sun are the two factors that cause seasons on Earth. The tilt of the axis causes different parts of the Earth to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year, leading to the change in seasons. As the Earth orbits around the sun, the angle at which sunlight hits different parts of the Earth changes, further contributing to the seasonal variations.

The moon's orbit around the Earth causes it to look different because as the moon moves in its orbit, different portions of it are illuminated by the sun. As a result, we see different phases of the moon, such as a full moon, half moon, or crescent moon. The changing positions of the moon in relation to the Earth and the sun create the appearance of different shapes of the moon in the night sky.