MLT Chemistry Test

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  • 1/102 Questions

    Which of the following is secreted by the placenta and used for the early detection of pregnancy?  

    • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    • Human Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
    • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
    • Progesterone
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About This Quiz

The MLT Chemistry Test assesses knowledge in clinical chemistry for medical laboratory technology. It covers key topics such as serum protein analysis, calcium regulation, bilirubin conversion, and hormone identification, crucial for professionals in clinical settings.

MLT Chemistry Test - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    The middle value of a data set is statistically known as the?  

    • Mean

    • Median

    • Mode

    • Standard deviation

    Correct Answer
    A. Median
    Explanation
    The middle value of a data set is statistically known as the median. The median is calculated by arranging the data set in ascending order and finding the value that falls exactly in the middle. It is a measure of central tendency that is not affected by extreme values or outliers in the data. The median is useful when the data set has a skewed distribution or contains outliers.

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  • 3. 

    Rickets is associated with deficiency in which of the following vitamins?  

    • A

    • C

    • Niacin

    • D

    Correct Answer
    A. D
    Explanation
    Rickets is a condition that is associated with a deficiency in vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body, which are important for bone health. A deficiency in vitamin D can lead to weakened and soft bones, causing rickets. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

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  • 4. 

    Calcium concentration in the serum is regulated by?  

    • Insulin

    • Parathyroid hormone

    • Thyroxin

    • Vitamin C

    Correct Answer
    A. Parathyroid hormone
    Explanation
    Parathyroid hormone is responsible for regulating the concentration of calcium in the serum. This hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands, which are located in the neck. When the calcium levels in the blood are low, the parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone, which stimulates the release of calcium from the bones and increases the absorption of calcium from the intestines. This helps to maintain the balance of calcium in the body and ensure that it is available for important functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission.

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  • 5. 

    Decreased serum iron associated with increased TIBC is compatible with which of the following disease states?  

    • Anemia of chronic infection

    • Iron deficiency anemia

    • Chronic liver disease

    • Nephrosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Iron deficiency anemia
    Explanation
    Decreased serum iron levels and increased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) are characteristic findings in iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when there is insufficient iron to produce hemoglobin, leading to decreased red blood cell production and subsequent anemia. In this condition, the body tries to compensate by increasing TIBC, which reflects the amount of iron that can be bound and transported in the blood. Anemia of chronic infection, chronic liver disease, and nephrosis may also cause anemia, but they typically present with different iron-related laboratory findings.

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  • 6. 

    When myocardial infarction occurs, the first enzyme to become elevated is?  

    • CK

    • LD

    • AST

    • ALT

    Correct Answer
    A. CK
    Explanation
    When myocardial infarction occurs, the first enzyme to become elevated is CK (creatine kinase). CK is an enzyme found in the heart muscle, and its levels increase in the blood when there is damage to the heart muscle, such as during a heart attack. LD (lactate dehydrogenase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) are also enzymes that can indicate heart muscle damage, but CK is typically the first to become elevated.

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  • 7. 

    Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are both elevated in which of the following diseases?

    • Muscular dystrophy

    • Viral hepatitis

    • Pulmonary emboli

    • Infectious mononucleosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Viral hepatitis
    Explanation
    AST and ALT are both enzymes that are found primarily in the liver. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, these enzymes are released into the bloodstream, causing their levels to increase. Viral hepatitis is a disease that specifically affects the liver, causing inflammation and damage. Therefore, it is expected to see elevated levels of AST and ALT in viral hepatitis. Muscular dystrophy, pulmonary emboli, and infectious mononucleosis do not primarily affect the liver, so elevated levels of AST and ALT would not be expected in these conditions.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following represents the end product of purine metabolism in humans?

    • AMP and GMP

    • DNA and RNA

    • Allantoin

    • Uric acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Uric acid
    Explanation
    Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans. Purines are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA, as well as in other molecules such as ATP and GTP. When purines are broken down, they are converted into uric acid through a series of enzymatic reactions. Uric acid is then excreted from the body through urine. This process is important for maintaining the balance of purines in the body and preventing the buildup of excessive purine levels, which can lead to conditions such as gout.

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  • 9. 

    Scurvy is associated with deficiency of which of the following vitamins?  

    • A

    • C

    • Niacin

    • Thiamine

    Correct Answer
    A. C
    Explanation
    Scurvy is a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C. Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid and is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps in the formation of connective tissues, skin, blood vessels, and bones. A deficiency of vitamin C leads to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, joint pain, bleeding gums, and slow wound healing, which are characteristic of scurvy. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as scurvy is associated with a deficiency of vitamin C.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following serum constituents is unstable if a blood specimen is left standing at room temperature for 8 hours before processing?  

    • Cholesterol

    • Triglyceride

    • Creatinine

    • Glucose

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucose
    Explanation
    Glucose is the correct answer because it is a rapidly metabolized substance and can be broken down by enzymes present in the blood. When a blood specimen is left standing at room temperature for 8 hours, the metabolic activity in the blood continues, leading to a decrease in glucose levels. Therefore, glucose is unstable if left standing at room temperature for a prolonged period before processing.

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  • 11. 

    The first step to be taken when attempting to repair a piece of electronic equipment is?  

    • Check all the electronic connections

    • Reset all the printed circuit boards

    • Turn the instrument off

    • Replace all the fuses

    Correct Answer
    A. Turn the instrument off
    Explanation
    The first step to be taken when attempting to repair a piece of electronic equipment is to turn the instrument off. This is important for safety reasons as it eliminates the risk of electric shock. By turning off the instrument, you ensure that there is no power running through it, reducing the chances of accidents or further damage. It also allows you to work on the equipment without any interference from electrical currents.

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  • 12. 

    The statistical term for the average value is the?  

    • Mode

    • Median

    • Mean

    • Coefficient of variation

    Correct Answer
    A. Mean
    Explanation
    The statistical term for the average value is the mean. The mean is calculated by summing up all the values in a dataset and dividing it by the total number of values. It is commonly used to represent the central tendency of a set of data and provides a measure of the typical value.

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  • 13. 

    In a specimen collected for plasma glucose analysis, sodium floride?  

    • Serves as a coenzyme of hexokinase

    • Prevents reactivity of non-glucose reducing substances

    • Precipitates proteins

    • Inhibits glycolysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Inhibits glycolysis
    Explanation
    Sodium fluoride inhibits glycolysis. Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy in the form of ATP. Sodium fluoride acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme enolase, which is involved in the glycolysis pathway. By inhibiting enolase, sodium fluoride disrupts the glycolysis process, leading to a decrease in ATP production.

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  • 14. 

    The normal range for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37 degrees Celsius is?

    • 7.28-7.34

    • 7.33-7.37

    • 7.35-7.45

    • 7.45-7.50

    Correct Answer
    A. 7.35-7.45
    Explanation
    The normal range for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37 degrees Celsius is 7.35-7.45. This range is considered normal because it reflects the optimal pH level for the body's metabolic processes to function properly. Any deviation from this range can indicate an imbalance in the body's acid-base balance, which may be a sign of an underlying health condition.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following electrolytes is the chief plasma cation whose main function is maintaining osmotic pressure?  

    • Chloride

    • Calcium

    • Potassium

    • Sodium

    Correct Answer
    A. Sodium
    Explanation
    Sodium is the chief plasma cation that plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure is the force that keeps fluids balanced inside and outside of cells. Sodium helps regulate fluid balance by attracting and retaining water in the bloodstream. It also aids in nerve function, muscle contraction, and maintaining blood pressure. Calcium, potassium, and chloride are also important electrolytes, but they do not have the same primary function as sodium in maintaining osmotic pressure.

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  • 16. 

    A potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L is obtained. Before reporting the results, the first step the technologist should take is to?  

    • Check the serum for hemolysis

    • Rerun the test

    • Check the age of the patient

    • Do nothing, simply report the result

    Correct Answer
    A. Check the serum for hemolysis
    Explanation
    A potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L is significantly high and could indicate hyperkalemia. However, before reporting the result, it is important to check the serum for hemolysis. Hemolysis, the breakdown of red blood cells, can falsely elevate potassium levels. By checking for hemolysis, the technologist can ensure the accuracy of the potassium level before reporting the result.

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  • 17. 

    Cerebrospinal fluid for glucose assay should be?  

    • Refrigerated

    • Analyzed immediately

    • Heated to 56 degrees Celsius

    • Stored at room temperature after centrifugation

    Correct Answer
    A. Analyzed immediately
    Explanation
    Cerebrospinal fluid should be analyzed immediately for glucose assay because glucose is a highly metabolized substance and its concentration can decrease rapidly over time. Delaying the analysis may result in inaccurate results as the glucose levels in the cerebrospinal fluid can decrease due to continued metabolism. Therefore, it is important to analyze the sample immediately to obtain reliable glucose measurements.

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  • 18. 

    The osmolality of a urine or serum specimen is measured by a change in the?  

    • Freezing point

    • Sediment point

    • Midpoint

    • Osmotic pressure

    Correct Answer
    A. Freezing point
    Explanation
    The osmolality of a urine or serum specimen is measured by a change in the freezing point. This is because the number of solute particles in a solution affects its freezing point. When solutes are present in a specimen, they lower the freezing point of the solution. By measuring the extent of this change in freezing point, the osmolality of the specimen can be determined.

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  • 19. 

    An analgesic that alleviates pain without causing loss of consciousness is?

    • Digoxin

    • Acetaminophen

    • Lithium

    • Phenytoin

    Correct Answer
    A. Acetaminophen
    Explanation
    Acetaminophen is an analgesic that is commonly used to relieve pain and reduce fever. Unlike other analgesics, such as opioids, acetaminophen does not cause loss of consciousness or sedation. It works by inhibiting the production of certain chemicals in the body that are involved in pain and fever. Therefore, acetaminophen is a suitable option for individuals who need pain relief but do not want to experience the side effects of sedation or loss of consciousness.

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  • 20. 

    The serum that contributes to most serum osmolality is?  

    • Glucose

    • Sodium

    • Chloride

    • Urea

    Correct Answer
    A. Sodium
    Explanation
    Sodium is the major cation in extracellular fluid and plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic balance. It contributes significantly to serum osmolality, which is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the blood. Glucose, chloride, and urea also contribute to osmolality, but sodium has the greatest impact.

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  • 21. 

    Night blindness is associated with deficiency of which of the following vitamins?  

    • A

    • C

    • Niacin

    • Thiamine

    Correct Answer
    A. A
    Explanation
    Night blindness is associated with deficiency of vitamin A. Vitamin A is essential for the proper functioning of the retina, which is responsible for vision in low light conditions. Deficiency of vitamin A can impair the adaptation of the eyes to darkness, leading to night blindness.

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  • 22. 

    A carbonate salt used to control manic-depressive disorders is?

    • Digoxin

    • Acetaminophen

    • Lithium

    • Phenytoin

    Correct Answer
    A. Lithium
    Explanation
    Lithium is a carbonate salt that is commonly used to control manic-depressive disorders, also known as bipolar disorder. It helps to stabilize mood swings and reduce the severity of manic and depressive episodes. Digoxin is a medication used to treat heart conditions, acetaminophen is a pain reliever, and phenytoin is an anti-seizure medication. Therefore, lithium is the correct answer for this question.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following steroids is an adrenal cortical hormone?  

    • Angiotensinogen

    • Corticosterone

    • Progesterone

    • Pregnanetriol

    Correct Answer
    A. Corticosterone
    Explanation
    Corticosterone is an adrenal cortical hormone. It is produced by the adrenal cortex and plays a role in regulating various physiological processes in the body, including metabolism, immune response, and stress response. It is classified as a glucocorticoid, which means it helps regulate glucose levels in the body. Corticosterone is also involved in the body's response to inflammation and helps suppress the immune system when necessary. Therefore, corticosterone is the correct answer as it is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex.

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  • 24. 

    During an elevation of adrenal function, a patient had plasma cortisol determination is the morning after awakening and in the evening. Laboratory results indicated that the morning value was higher than the evening concentration. This is indicative of?  

    • A normal finding

    • Cushing’s syndrome

    • Addison’s disease

    • Hypopituitarism

    Correct Answer
    A. A normal finding
    Explanation
    The higher morning value of plasma cortisol compared to the evening concentration is a normal finding. This is because cortisol levels naturally fluctuate throughout the day, with the highest levels occurring in the morning and the lowest levels in the evening. This pattern is known as diurnal variation and is a normal physiological response. Therefore, the laboratory results indicating a higher morning value are within the expected range and do not suggest any abnormality or disease.

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  • 25. 

    Most of the carbon dioxide present in the blood is in the form of?  

    • Dissolve CO2

    • Carbonate

    • Bicarbonate ion

    • Carbonic acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Bicarbonate ion
    Explanation
    The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions. When carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells, it combines with water to form carbonic acid. Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate ions are transported in the plasma, while the hydrogen ions bind to hemoglobin. This bicarbonate ion transport mechanism helps maintain the acid-base balance in the body.

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  • 26. 

    The principle excretory form of nitrogen is?  

    • Amino acids

    • Creatinine

    • Urea

    • Uric acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Urea
    Explanation
    Urea is the correct answer because it is the main excretory form of nitrogen in mammals. It is produced in the liver as a result of the breakdown of amino acids and is then transported to the kidneys for excretion in urine. Urea is less toxic than other nitrogenous waste products such as uric acid and creatinine, making it the preferred form of nitrogen excretion in mammals.

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  • 27. 

    The biuret reaction for the analysis of serum protein depends on the number of?  

    • Free amino acids

    • Free carboxyl groups

    • Peptide bonds

    • Tyrosine residues

    Correct Answer
    A. Peptide bonds
    Explanation
    The biuret reaction is a chemical test used to detect the presence of peptide bonds in proteins. It involves the reaction of copper ions with the peptide bonds, resulting in a color change from blue to purple. Therefore, the number of peptide bonds present in a protein sample determines the intensity of the color change, making peptide bonds the key factor in the biuret reaction for the analysis of serum protein. Free amino acids, free carboxyl groups, and tyrosine residues are not directly involved in this reaction.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following statements about fluorometry are true?  

    • A compound is said to fluoresce when it absorbs light at one wavelength and emits light at a second wave length

    • Detectors in fluorometers are placed 180 degrees from the excitation source

    • It is less sensitive than spectrophotometry

    • It avoids the necessity for complexing of components because fluorescence is a native property

    Correct Answer
    A. A compound is said to fluoresce when it absorbs light at one wavelength and emits light at a second wave length
    Explanation
    Fluorometry is a technique that involves the measurement of fluorescence, which occurs when a compound absorbs light at one wavelength and emits light at a different wavelength. This statement accurately describes the concept of fluorescence. The other statements are not true. Detectors in fluorometers are typically placed at a 90-degree angle from the excitation source, not 180 degrees. Fluorometry is actually more sensitive than spectrophotometry because it can detect lower concentrations of compounds. Finally, complexing of components may still be necessary in fluorometry depending on the specific experiment or analysis being conducted.

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  • 29. 

    The extent to which measurements agree with the true value of the quantity being measured is known as?  

    • Reliability

    • Accuracy

    • Reproducibility

    • Precision

    Correct Answer
    A. Accuracy
    Explanation
    Accuracy refers to the extent to which measurements agree with the true value of the quantity being measured. It indicates how close the measured value is to the actual or accepted value. Reliability refers to the consistency or repeatability of measurements, while reproducibility refers to the ability to obtain the same results when an experiment is repeated. Precision refers to the level of detail or exactness in a measurement, regardless of its accuracy.

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  • 30. 

    The biological most active, naturally occurring androgen is?  

    • Androstenedione

    • Dehydroepiandrosterone

    • Epiandrosterone

    • Testosterone

    Correct Answer
    A. Testosterone
    Explanation
    Testosterone is the correct answer because it is the most biologically active, naturally occurring androgen. It is produced in the testes in males and in smaller amounts in the ovaries and adrenal glands in females. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. It is also involved in various physiological processes such as muscle growth, bone density, and red blood cell production.

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  • 31. 

    The anion gap is useful for QC of laboratory results for?  

    • Amino acids and proteins

    • Blood gas analyses

    • Sodium, potassium, chloride, and total CO2

    • Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium

    Correct Answer
    A. Sodium, potassium, chloride, and total CO2
    Explanation
    The anion gap is useful for quality control (QC) of laboratory results for sodium, potassium, chloride, and total CO2. The anion gap is calculated by subtracting the sum of the measured anions (chloride and total CO2) from the sum of the measured cations (sodium and potassium). It helps to ensure that the electrolyte levels are correctly measured and balanced in the body. By monitoring the anion gap, any discrepancies or errors in the laboratory results can be identified and corrected, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of the tests.

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  • 32. 

    The regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism is accomplished by which of the following glands?  

    • Thyroid

    • Parathyroid

    • Adrenal glands

    • Pituitary

    Correct Answer
    A. Parathyroid
    Explanation
    The regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism is accomplished by the parathyroid glands. These small glands are located in the neck, behind the thyroid gland. They produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps to regulate the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. PTH acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestines to increase calcium levels when they are too low. It does this by promoting the release of calcium from the bones, increasing the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys, and enhancing the absorption of calcium from the intestines. Therefore, the parathyroid glands play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body.

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  • 33. 

    Total iron-binding capacity measures the serum iron transporting capacity of?  

    • Hemoglobin

    • Ceruloplasmin

    • Transferrin

    • Ferritin

    Correct Answer
    A. Transferrin
    Explanation
    Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) measures the serum iron transporting capacity. Transferrin is a protein in the blood that binds to iron and transports it throughout the body. TIBC is a measure of how much transferrin is available to bind with iron. Therefore, the correct answer is Transferrin.

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  • 34. 

    A common cause of respiratory alkalosis is?  

    • Vomiting

    • Starvation

    • Asthma

    • Hyperventilation

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyperventilation
    Explanation
    Hyperventilation is a common cause of respiratory alkalosis. When a person hyperventilates, they breathe rapidly and shallowly, leading to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood. This results in a shift towards alkalinity in the body's pH balance, causing respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation can be triggered by anxiety, panic attacks, or certain medical conditions.

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  • 35. 

    A hospitalized patient is experiencing increased neuromuscular irritability (tetany). Which of the following tests should be ordered immediately?

    • Calcium

    • Phosphorus

    • BUN

    • Glucose

    Correct Answer
    A. Calcium
    Explanation
    A hospitalized patient experiencing increased neuromuscular irritability (tetany) should have their calcium levels tested immediately. Tetany is often caused by low levels of calcium in the blood, which can lead to muscle spasms and twitching. By ordering a calcium test, healthcare providers can determine if the patient's tetany is due to hypocalcemia and take appropriate measures to correct it. The other tests listed (phosphorus, BUN, and glucose) may be important in certain clinical situations, but they are not as directly related to the symptoms of tetany as calcium.

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  • 36. 

    Lithium therapy is widely used in the treatment of?  

    • Hypertension

    • Hyperactivity

    • Aggression

    • Manic-depression

    Correct Answer
    A. Manic-depression
    Explanation
    Lithium therapy is widely used in the treatment of manic-depression, also known as bipolar disorder. This disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings, ranging from manic episodes of elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsive behavior, to depressive episodes of low mood, decreased energy, and feelings of hopelessness. Lithium is a mood stabilizer that helps to regulate these mood swings and prevent the recurrence of manic and depressive episodes. It is considered one of the most effective treatments for bipolar disorder and is commonly prescribed in combination with other medications and therapy.

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  • 37. 

    Measurement of total T4 by competitive protein binding or displacement is based on the specific binding properties of?  

    • Thyroxine-binding prealbumin

    • Albumin

    • Thyroxine-binding globulin

    • Thyroid-stimulating hormone

    Correct Answer
    A. Thyroxine-binding globulin
    Explanation
    The measurement of total T4 by competitive protein binding or displacement is based on the specific binding properties of thyroxine-binding globulin. Thyroxine-binding globulin is a protein in the blood that binds to thyroxine (T4) and carries it throughout the body. By measuring the amount of T4 that is bound to thyroxine-binding globulin, the total T4 level can be determined. This measurement is important in assessing thyroid function and diagnosing thyroid disorders.

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  • 38. 

    In the Jaffe reaction, creatinine reacts with?  

    • Alkaline sulfasalazine solution to produce an orange-yellow complex

    • Potassium iodide to form a reddish-purple complex

    • Sodium nitroferricyanide to yield a reddish-brown color

    • Alkaline picrate solution to yield and orange-red complex

    Correct Answer
    A. Alkaline picrate solution to yield and orange-red complex
    Explanation
    In the Jaffe reaction, creatinine reacts with alkaline picrate solution to yield an orange-red complex. This reaction is commonly used to measure the concentration of creatinine in biological samples. When creatinine reacts with alkaline picrate solution, it forms a colored complex that can be measured spectrophotometrically. The intensity of the color is directly proportional to the concentration of creatinine in the sample, allowing for accurate quantification. Therefore, the correct answer is alkaline picrate solution to yield an orange-red complex.

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  • 39. 

    Bile acid concentrations are useful to asses?   

    • Diabetes mellitus

    • Hepatobiliary disease

    • Intestinal Malabsorption

    • Kidney function

    Correct Answer
    A. Hepatobiliary disease
    Explanation
    Bile acid concentrations are useful to assess hepatobiliary disease because the liver produces bile acids, and any dysfunction or damage to the liver can affect the production and excretion of bile acids. Elevated levels of bile acids can indicate liver disease or obstruction in the bile ducts. By measuring bile acid concentrations, healthcare professionals can evaluate the functioning of the liver and diagnose hepatobiliary diseases such as liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, or cholestasis.

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following lipid results would be expected to be falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a nonfasting patient?

    • Cholesterol

    • Triglyceride

    • HDL

    • LDL

    Correct Answer
    A. Triglyceride
    Explanation
    Triglyceride levels are expected to be falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a nonfasting patient because triglycerides are affected by recent food intake. When a person consumes food, especially fatty foods, triglyceride levels in the blood increase. Therefore, if a patient has recently eaten before the blood sample was taken, their triglyceride levels may be higher than they would be if they had fasted. In contrast, cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels are not significantly affected by recent food intake, so they would not be expected to be falsely elevated in a nonfasting patient.

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  • 41. 

    Blood PCO2 may be measured by?  

    • Direct colorimetric measurement of dissolved CO2

    • Calculations of blood PH and total CO2 concentration

    • Measurement of CO2-saturated hemoglobin

    • Measurement of CO2 consumed at the cathode

    Correct Answer
    A. Calculations of blood pH and total CO2 concentration
    Explanation
    Blood PCO2 can be measured by calculating the blood pH and total CO2 concentration. This is because the PCO2 value is indirectly related to the blood pH and total CO2 concentration. By measuring the blood pH and total CO2 concentration, the PCO2 level can be estimated using various equations and calculations. This method is commonly used in clinical settings to assess the acid-base balance and respiratory function of a patient.

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  • 42. 

    The conversion of glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate is called?  

    • Glycogenesis

    • Glycogenolysis

    • Gluconeogenesis

    • Glycolysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Glycolysis
    Explanation
    Glycolysis is the correct answer because it is the process of converting glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, which can then be further metabolized to produce energy. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is an important step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis are all different processes involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, but they are not specifically related to the conversion of glucose into lactate or pyruvate.

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  • 43. 

    The greatest activities of serum AST and ALT are seen in?  

    • Acute hepatitis

    • Primary Biliary cirrhosis

    • Metastatic hepatic carcinoma

    • Alcoholic cirrhosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Acute hepatitis
    Explanation
    The greatest activities of serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) are seen in acute hepatitis. AST and ALT are enzymes that are primarily found in liver cells. When liver cells are damaged or inflamed, these enzymes are released into the bloodstream, leading to increased levels of AST and ALT in the serum. Acute hepatitis is characterized by inflammation of the liver, which causes liver cell damage and subsequent release of AST and ALT into the bloodstream. Therefore, acute hepatitis would result in the highest levels of serum AST and ALT compared to the other conditions listed.

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  • 44. 

    An arterial blood specimen submitted for blood gas analysis was obtained at 8:30 am but was not received in the laboratory until 11:00 am. The technologist should?  

    • Perform the test immediately upon receipt

    • Perform the test only if the specimen was submitted in ice water

    • Request a venous blood specimen

    • Request a new arterial specimen be obtained

    Correct Answer
    A. Request a new arterial specimen be obtained
    Explanation
    Arterial blood gases (ABGs) are time-sensitive tests that provide information about a patient's respiratory and metabolic status. The delay of 2.5 hours from the time of collection to receipt in the laboratory can significantly alter the results of the ABG analysis. The technologist should request a new arterial specimen to be obtained to ensure accurate and reliable results.

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  • 45. 

    Specimens for blood gas determination should be drawn into a syringe containing?  

    • No preservatives

    • Heparin

    • EDTA

    • Oxalate

    Correct Answer
    A. Heparin
    Explanation
    Blood gas determination requires accurate measurement of pH, pO2, and pCO2 levels in the blood. Heparin is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood gas samples because it prevents clotting and preserves the integrity of the blood gases. No preservatives, EDTA, and oxalate are not suitable for blood gas determination as they can interfere with the accuracy of the results.

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  • 46. 

    The most frequent value in a collection of data is statistically known as the?  

    • Mode

    • Median

    • Mean

    • Standard deviation

    Correct Answer
    A. Mode
    Explanation
    The most frequent value in a collection of data is known as the mode. The mode is the value that appears the most number of times in the data set. It is a measure of central tendency and is used to describe the typical or most common value in the data. Unlike the mean and median, the mode does not consider the magnitude of the values, only their frequency of occurrence. Therefore, the mode is the correct answer in this case.

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  • 47. 

    A cardiac glycoside that is used in the treatment of congenital heart failure and arrhythmias by increasing the force and velocity of myocardial contraction is?  

    • Digoxin

    • Acetaminophen

    • Lithium

    • Phenytoin

    Correct Answer
    A. Digoxin
    Explanation
    Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that is commonly used in the treatment of congenital heart failure and arrhythmias. It works by increasing the force and velocity of myocardial contraction, which helps to improve cardiac output and reduce symptoms of heart failure. Digoxin achieves this by inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium levels. This increase in calcium enhances the contractility of the heart muscle, resulting in a stronger and more efficient heartbeat. Therefore, Digoxin is the correct answer for this question.

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  • 48. 

    Acidosis and alkalosis are best defined as fluctuations in blood pH and CO2 content due to changes in?  

    • Bohr’s effect

    • O2 content

    • Bicarbonate buffer

    • Carbonic anhydrase

    Correct Answer
    A. Bicarbonate buffer
    Explanation
    Acidosis and alkalosis refer to imbalances in blood pH and CO2 content. The bicarbonate buffer system plays a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance in the blood. It consists of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can either accept or donate hydrogen ions (H+). When there is an excess of acid in the blood, the bicarbonate ions act as a base and bind with the hydrogen ions, helping to neutralize the acidity. Conversely, when there is an excess of base in the blood, the carbonic acid can release hydrogen ions, helping to restore the pH balance. Therefore, changes in the bicarbonate buffer system can lead to fluctuations in blood pH and CO2 content, resulting in acidosis or alkalosis.

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  • 49. 

    Respiratory acidosis is described as a(n)?  

    • Increase in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH

    • Decrease in CO2 content with an increased pH

    • Increase in CO2 content with an increased pH

    • Decrease in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH

    Correct Answer
    A. Increase in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH
    Explanation
    Respiratory acidosis is a condition characterized by an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) content and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH. This occurs when the lungs are unable to effectively remove CO2 from the body, causing it to accumulate in the bloodstream. The increased CO2 levels result in the production of carbonic acid, which lowers the pH of the blood, leading to acidosis. Therefore, the correct answer is an increase in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 22, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jan 13, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    William Wan

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